Aksa L Lar Te Kilat Dirili

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The Cooperative Gene

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Author : Mark Ridley
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2001

The Cooperative Gene written by Mark Ridley and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Chromosome replication categories.

"Why isn's all life pond-scum? Why are there multimillion-celled, long-lived monsters like us, built from tens of thousands of cooperating genes? Mark Ridley presents a new explanation of how complex large life forms like ourselves came to exist, showing that the answer to the greatest mystery of evolution for modern science is not the selfish gene; it is the cooperative gene." "In this thought-provoking book, Ridley breaks down how two major biological hurdles had to be overcome in order to allow living complexity to evolve: the proliferation of genes and gene-selfishness. Because complex life has more genes than simple life, the increase in gene numbers poses a particular problem for complex beings."--BOOK JACKET.

Creation Revisited

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Author : Peter William Atkins
language : en
Publisher: Penguin (Non-Classics)
Release Date : 1994

Creation Revisited written by Peter William Atkins and has been published by Penguin (Non-Classics) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Science categories.

Roman Provincial And Islamic Law

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Author : Patricia Crone
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-07-18

Roman Provincial And Islamic Law written by Patricia Crone and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-18 with Law categories.

This book tests the hypothesis that Roman law was a formative influence on Islamic law.

Unravelling Animal Behaviour

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Author : Marian Stamp Dawkins
language : en
Publisher: Longman Publishing Group
Release Date : 1986

Unravelling Animal Behaviour written by Marian Stamp Dawkins and has been published by Longman Publishing Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Animal behavior categories.

An introduction to the subject with emphasis on understanding evolutionary theories and how they have operated in nature to produce the behaviours exhibited by animals.

Encyclopedias About Muslim Civilisations

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Author : Aptin Khanbaghi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Encyclopedias About Muslim Civilisations written by Aptin Khanbaghi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Foreign Language Study categories.

Muslim Civilisations Abstracts-Series Editor: Aptin Khanbaghi.

Challenging The Secular State

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Author : Arskal Salim
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2008-09-30

Challenging The Secular State written by Arskal Salim and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-30 with Religion categories.

Challenging the Secular State examines Muslim efforts to incorporate shari’a (religious law) into modern Indonesia’s legal system from the time of independence in 1945 to the present. The author argues that attempts to formally implement shari’a in Indonesia, the world’s most populous Muslim state, have always been marked by tensions between the political aspirations of proponents and opponents of shari’a and by resistance from the national government. As a result, although pro-shari’a movements have made significant progress in recent years, shari’a remains tightly confined within Indonesia’s secular legal system. The author first places developments in Indonesia within a broad historical and geographic context, offering a provocative analysis of the Ottoman empire’s millet system and thoughtful comparisons of different approaches to pro-shari’a movements in other Muslim countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan). He then describes early aspirations for the formal implementation of shari’a in Indonesia in the context of modern understandings of religious law as conflicting with the idea of the nation-state. Later chapters explore the efforts of Islamic parties in Indonesia to include shari’a in national law. Salim offers a detailed analysis of debates over the constitution and possible amendments to it concerning the obligation of Indonesian Muslims to follow Islamic law. A study of the Zakat Law illustrates the complicated relationship between the religious duties of Muslim citizens and the nonreligious character of the modern nation-state. Chapters look at how Islamization has deepened with the enactment of the Zakat Law and demonstrate the incongruities that have emerged from its implementation. The efforts of local Muslims to apply shari’a in particular regions are also discussed. Attempts at the Islamization of laws in Aceh are especially significant because it is the only province in Indonesia that has been allowed to move toward a shari’a-based system. The book concludes with a review of the profound conflicts and tensions found in the motivations behind Islamization.

The Social Contract

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Author : Robert Ardrey
language : en
Publisher: Storydesign Limited
Release Date : 2014-09-09

The Social Contract written by Robert Ardrey and has been published by Storydesign Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-09 with categories.

"Violation of biological command has been the failure of social man. Vertebrates though we may be, we have ignored the law of equal opportunity since civilization's earliest hours. Sexually reproducing beings though we are, we pretend today that the law of inequality does not exist. And enlightened though we may be, while we pursue the unattainable we make impossible the realizable." In his two previous books, Robert Ardrey exploded a series of philosophical landmines. African Genesis (1961) introduced his new evolutionary approach to an understanding of men. Then came The Territorial Imperative (1966), whose title is now a common phrase in our language. The Social Contract is the third in the series, and it denies that men are created equal - but that they deserve absolute equality of opportunity. Robert Ardrey maintains that since the publication of Rousseau's Social Contract two centuries ago, men have wasted social resources, converted much of education into a process of brain-washing, committed themselves to one political insane asylum after another, all in pursuit of a goal that is a natural impossibility in any sexually reproducing species. Discarding the myth, Robert Ardrey combines his wealth of knowledge of animal ways with the new insights of modern biology and the newest revelations concerning human evolution to probe perplexing contemporary problems: the revolt of the young, the status struggle and the role of leadership, population control, urban overcrowding, violence in civilized life. This brilliant classic offers a powerful challenge to accustomed thought. Praise for the 1970 edition: "Robert Ardrey's The Social Contract is as imaginative and exciting as his African Genesis or The Territorial Imperative, but this new book is broader in scope, better balanced, and more philosophical than its predecessors. I disagree with some of Ardrey's opinions concerning human aggression, because I have greater faith than he has in the power of environmental conditioning. But this does not affect my conviction that The Social Contract will be of immense value in helping the public to probe into the dark and misty areas where zoology, anthropology, and prehistory join to account for the origins of man as a social animal." - Rene Dubos, Rockefeller University

The Spotted Hyena

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Author : Hans Kruuk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-09-30

The Spotted Hyena written by Hans Kruuk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-30 with Nature categories.

In this seminal study, Hans Kruuk redefines the image of the spotted hyena, not as a common scavenger, but as a complex matriarchal predator with links to human evolution. The Spotted Hyena is the first study to capture the true behavior and ecology of these formidable predators, who instinctively adapt their social structure to meet their ecological needs. Kruuk's research reveals for the first time that hyenas combine carnivorous habits with group territoriality, thus drawing parallels between their existence and that of wolves, lions, and arguably early humans. In addition to being lovable rogues, spotted hyenas are sophisticated hunters that live in complex communities of up to 80 animals. Covering more than broad facts about this species, Kruuk addresses the vital questions concerning hyena behavior such as why females are dominant, why lions scavenge from hyenas, why hyenas hunt zebra and wildebeest differently, and how their social behavior correlates with ecology. Since its original publication, The Spotted Hyena has transformed the common perception of the spotted hyena. With nearly 2,000 citations in scientific literature, The Spotted Hyena has become a classic work and trailblazer for linking changes in animal behavior with the environment, in addition to its concentration on a large carnivore that shares several characteristics with select primates. Although this is a science book, Kruuk skips the jargon and complicated theory, thus making its conclusions easily accessible to any student of natural history, African predators, or social behavior within animal communities. The Spotted Hyena features exciting field notes in addition to comprehensive graphs and tables that have made it an invaluable contribution to behavioral ecology and its methodology. Hans Kruuk studied hyenas while living in the wilderness of Africa's Serengeti and Ngorongoro Crater for many years. After completing his doctorate with Nobel Prize winner Niko Tinbergen at the University of Oxford, Kruuk was asked by the former Tanganyika (now Tanzania) National Parks to study predation in the Serengeti. Kruuk focused on the most important carnivore there—the spotted hyena—and co-founded the Serengeti Research Institute in Tanzania to carry out his research. Many years later in 1997, he retired emeritus from his position as Senior Principal Research Officer at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology in Banchory, Scotland. Kruuk has carried out research projects on mammals and birds on all continents, published seven books and over 120 scientific papers. Among his awards are scientific medals from the Zoological Society of London and British Mammal Society, and secondary Doctorate of Science from the University of Aberdeen where he is also Honorary Professor.