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Allgemeine B Cherkunde Zur Neueren Deutschen Literaturgeschichte

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Paper Machines

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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2023-12-26

Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.

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Author : Константин Романович Симон
language : ru
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968

written by Константин Романович Симон and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Bibliography categories.

Der Lutheraner

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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1849

Der Lutheraner written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1849 with Lutheran Church categories.

Basic Concepts Of Poetics

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Author : Emil Staiger
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01

Basic Concepts Of Poetics written by Emil Staiger and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Literary Criticism categories.

Statistics And Probability In High School

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Author : Carmen Batanero
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-27

Statistics And Probability In High School written by Carmen Batanero and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-27 with Education categories.

Statistics and probability are fascinating fields, tightly interwoven with the context of the problems which have to be modelled. The authors demonstrate how investigations and experiments provide promising teaching strategies to help high-school students acquire statistical and probabilistic literacy. In the first chapter the authors put into practice the following educational principles, reflecting their views of how these subjects should be taught: a focus on the most relevant ideas and postpone extensions to later stages; illustrating the complementary/dual nature of statistical and probabilistic reasoning; utilising the potential of technology and show its limits; and reflecting on the different levels of formalisation to meet the wide variety of students’ previous knowledge, abilities, and learning types. The remaining chapters deal with exploratory data analysis, modelling information by probabilities, exploring and modelling association, and with sampling and inference. Throughout the book, a modelling view of the concepts guides the presentation. In each chapter, the development of a cluster of fundamental ideas is centred around a statistical study or a real-world problem that leads to statistical questions requiring data in order to be answered. The concepts developed are designed to lead to meaningful solutions rather than remain abstract entities. For each cluster of ideas, the authors review the relevant research on misconceptions and synthesise the results of research in order to support teaching of statistics and probability in high school. What makes this book unique is its rich source of worked-through tasks and its focus on the interrelations between teaching and empirical research on understanding statistics and probability.

Maria Magdalene

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Author : Friedrich Hebbel
language : de
Publisher: Tredition Classics
Release Date : 2012-06

Maria Magdalene written by Friedrich Hebbel and has been published by Tredition Classics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06 with categories.

Dieses Werk ist Teil der Buchreihe TREDITION CLASSICS. Der Verlag tredition aus Hamburg veroffentlicht in der Buchreihe TREDITION CLASSICS Werke aus mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden. Diese waren zu einem Grossteil vergriffen oder nur noch antiquarisch erhaltlich. Mit der Buchreihe TREDITION CLASSICS verfolgt tredition das Ziel, tausende Klassiker der Weltliteratur verschiedener Sprachen wieder als gedruckte Bucher zu verlegen - und das weltweit! Die Buchreihe dient zur Bewahrung der Literatur und Forderung der Kultur. Sie tragt so dazu bei, dass viele tausend Werke nicht in Vergessenheit geraten