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Alternate Methods Of Asphalt Content Determination


Alternate Methods Of Asphalt Content Determination
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Alternate Methods Of Asphalt Content Determination


Alternate Methods Of Asphalt Content Determination
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Author : Brian D. Prowell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Alternate Methods Of Asphalt Content Determination written by Brian D. Prowell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Air categories.


This study identified an alternate method of asphalt content determination to replace chlorinated solvent extraction. The production of trichloroethane was outlawed on December 31, 1996 as part of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Initially, the study focused on evaluating the nuclear asphalt content gauge with Marshall plugs. During the course of the research, early data from the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) indicated that the ignition method was a promising alternative. Testing was conducted using three generations of ignition furnaces. Four aggregate types were evaluated using typical surface and base mix gradations found in Virginia. Samples for evaluation were produced at four asphalt contents for each mix design representing typical field variation around the optimum. Operator variance samples were tested non-destructively in the nuclear gauge, and then destructively tested by solvent extraction and the ignition method. In the field validation phase, four methods were used for testing. The gradations of these samples are compared. As a result of the research, a test method was developed for the ignition furnace with an internal weighing system. This method has been specified as a replacement for solvent extraction in Virginia.



An Alternate Method To Determine Asphalt Content Of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Volumetric Properties


An Alternate Method To Determine Asphalt Content Of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Volumetric Properties
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Author : M. S. Shaheed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

An Alternate Method To Determine Asphalt Content Of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Volumetric Properties written by M. S. Shaheed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Asphalt categories.


Accurate determination of asphalt content (AC) in hot mix asphalt (HMA) is essential to evaluate the performance characteristics of HMA pavements. The standard test methods for determining the AC, currently used by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) and other DOTs and asphalt industries, are time-consuming, environmentally unsuitable, and not applicable to several absorptive and dolomitic aggregates. This study has developed a systematic method for the determination of AC using volumetric properties of aggregate, asphalt, and HMA mix. The developed method employed the theoretical maximum specific gravity (Gmm) of an HMA mix, the bulk and apparent specific gravity of the aggregate (Gsb and Gsa), and the specific gravity of the asphalt binder (Gb). The CoreLokTM device is used to determine the volumetric properties of the aggregate and HMA mix. This developed method is easy to use, environmentally safe, time efficient, and accurate. Three different aggregates were selected for the study based on varying gradation, absorption, and ignition oven correction (IOC) factor. HMA mixes were prepared with each of these aggregates using 5.0 %, 5.5 %, and 6.0 % AC. For each of the mixes, AC was calculated using the proposed method and compared with the actual AC value. The predicted AC values were compared with AC values from the ignition oven method (AASHTO T 308) and the solvent extraction method (AASHTO T 164). Results showed that the proposed method predicted the AC of HMA mix accurately. The method introduces a correction factor (Cv), which needs to be determined during the design stage and specified on the mix design information. The Cv value is used to calculate AC by the proposed method during quality assurance and quality control at the production and service life of HMA.



Study Of Alternative Procedures For Controlling And Accepting Asphalt Mixtures


Study Of Alternative Procedures For Controlling And Accepting Asphalt Mixtures
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Author : J. L. Burati
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Study Of Alternative Procedures For Controlling And Accepting Asphalt Mixtures written by J. L. Burati and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.


There is much concern over chlorinated solvents currently used for asphalt content extraction testing. This research was undertaken to investigate alternative methods that do not use chlorinated solvents for asphalt cement (AC) content determination. Methods considered include nuclear asphalt content gauges, extraction with biodegradable solvents, ignition oven, and recordation. Information was gathered from the literature, from a survey of all state highway agencies, and from interviews with selected agencies. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the alternative methods were identified and are presented in the report.



Asphalt Content Determination By The Ignition Method


Asphalt Content Determination By The Ignition Method
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Author : Elton R. Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Asphalt Content Determination By The Ignition Method written by Elton R. Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Aggregates (Building materials) categories.


This paper describes the development and testing for the ignition method for determining asphalt content and aggregate gradation of asphalt-aggregate mixtures. The ignition method utilizes the mass of hot-mixed asphalt mixture before and after removal of asphalt cement by burning at 593 deg C (1100 deg F) to measure asphalt content. The recovered aggregate from ignition testing may also be used for gradation analysis. The test procedure is safer and simpler than current methods of asphalt content and gradation determination. The ignition method was evaluated in both the laboratory and field. In the laboratory, ignition testing was performed on 80 samples of hot-mixed asphalt. The ignition method proved to be precise and accurate in determining both asphalt content and aggregate gradation.



Asphalt Content Determination Manual


Asphalt Content Determination Manual
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Author : Samuel Harley Carpenter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990

Asphalt Content Determination Manual written by Samuel Harley Carpenter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.




Determination And Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Managing And Controlling Highway Related Dust


Determination And Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Managing And Controlling Highway Related Dust
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Author : Ryan J. Morgan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Determination And Evaluation Of Alternative Methods For Managing And Controlling Highway Related Dust written by Ryan J. Morgan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Dust control categories.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several widely used dust suppressants through quantitative field testing on two of Iowa's most widely used secondary road surface treatments: crushed limestone rock and alluvial sand/gravel. These commercially available dust suppressants included: lignin sulfonate, calcium chloride, and soybean oil soapstock. These suppressants were applied to 1000 ft test sections on four unpaved roads in Story County, Iowa.



Alternative Acceptance Procedures For Asphalt Mixes


Alternative Acceptance Procedures For Asphalt Mixes
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Author : Charles S. Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992

Alternative Acceptance Procedures For Asphalt Mixes written by Charles S. Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Asphalt emulsion mixtures categories.


By the year 2005, the use of chlorinated solvents is to be eliminated. Faced with this eventuality, VDOT formed a task force to look at alternatives for the acceptance of asphalt mixes. One alternative is to use biodegradable solvents in the extraction tests. Although this alternative is being examined, there are some disadvantages to using these solvents, among which are the equipment needed and time required for testing. The study discussed here examines an alternative procedure that uses a nuclear asphalt content gauge for the determination of asphalt content and cold feed aggregate gradations for aggregate monitoring.



Using Ignition Ovens To Determine Asphalt Content And To Prepare Aggregates For Sieve Analysis


Using Ignition Ovens To Determine Asphalt Content And To Prepare Aggregates For Sieve Analysis
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Author : Robert E. Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Using Ignition Ovens To Determine Asphalt Content And To Prepare Aggregates For Sieve Analysis written by Robert E. Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Aggregates (Building materials) categories.


The Materials and Tests Division's Bituminous Section evaluated the ignition method as an alternative to the solvent method for determining asphalt content. Three ovens (the Gilson Asphalt Binder Ignition Furnace, Model HM 378; the NCAT Asphalt Content Tester; and the Troxler Asphalt Quality Analyzer) were evaluated for accuracy, precision, and performance. Ignition was proven to be an appropriate method of determining asphalt content. The test procedure resulting from this work is Tex-236-F, which is included in Appendix A.



Determination Of Asphalt Content By Ignition Method


Determination Of Asphalt Content By Ignition Method
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Author : Wei Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Determination Of Asphalt Content By Ignition Method written by Wei Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Aggregates (Building materials) categories.




Detection Of Polymer Modifiers In Asphalt Binder


Detection Of Polymer Modifiers In Asphalt Binder
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Author : Stacey D. Diefenderfer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Detection Of Polymer Modifiers In Asphalt Binder written by Stacey D. Diefenderfer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Binders (Materials) categories.


This study addressed the evaluation of alternative test methods to identify the presence of polymer modifiers in performance-graded binders for the purpose of quality assurance. A method of identification is presented in AASHTO T302, Polymer Content of Polymer-Modified Emulsions and Asphalt Binders, that uses Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate the constituent elements in binders or emulsions. With proper calibration, output from FTIR can be used to determine the presence and approximate content of polymers in an asphalt binder. AASHTO T301, Elastic Recovery Test of Bituminous Materials by Means of a Ductilometer, offers an alternative method to determine the presence of polymer by evaluating the elasticity of the binder. Samples of binder were collected from contractor tanks and tested in accordance with AASHTO T301 and AASHTO T302. The performance grade was verified in accordance with AASHTO M320. Test results were evaluated to identify calibration needs, test variability, and choice of preferred methodologies for adoption into the quality assurance program. Results of the study identified the use of either FTIR analysis or elastic recovery as a timesaving alternative to full-fledged performance grading in the initial investigation of concerns about the presence of polymer. Both methods identified binders containing varying polymer contents with no instances of false positive identification. However, based on the results of this study, neither method is suitable to determine binder grade. The investigator recommends that the elastic recovery and FTIR analysis be incorporated as quality assurance tests to verify the presence of polymer in mixtures that specify the use of polymer-modified asphalt binders. Following this, the frequency of quality assurance sampling of polymer modified binders should be increased to ensure that inferior material is not being used in premium mixtures. Further, AASHTO T301 should be adopted in place of Virginia Test Method 104 for use with unaged binders. Incorporating the use of elastic recovery testing and FTIR spectroscopy as alternatives to performance grading will benefit VDOT by allowing increased quality assurance testing of premium asphalt mixtures. This will result in minimizing VDOT's risk of acceptance of inferior material and maximizing the benefits of using premium materials. Typically, performance grading is performed once per month on one binder sample from each active grade of binder in a VDOT district. This is estimated to result in testing less than 5% of the binder lots used in any district during a typical month. Although neither elastic recovery testing nor FTIR spectroscopy was shown conclusively to determine binder grade, almost all PG 76-22 binders shipped into Virginia contain polymer modifiers. Thus, the detection of the polymer is a first level indicator for quality assurance. The potential cost of these tests is approximately $200 per test for elastic recovery and approximately $120 per test for FTIR spectroscopy. Overall, the increased testing is expected to result in improved pavement quality by reducing the acceptance of inferior material.