Alternative Policies To Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting
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Alternative Policies To Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting
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Author : United States Department of Agriculture
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-07-07
Alternative Policies To Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting written by United States Department of Agriculture and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-07 with categories.
In response to the surges in world agricultural and food prices that have occurred since 2006, many countries imposed controls on their agricultural exports, using taxes, quotas, and complete export bans. Further, during the past few decades, many countries have maintained longstanding export taxes not only on agricultural goods, but also on forestry and fishery products, minerals, metals, and precious stones. This study examines the market effects of a conventional export tax, as well as three alternative policies that are less market distorting, and thereby less welfare diminishing: a subsidy to consumption, a tax on production, and a modification of a conventional export tax that allows additional exports after producers meet a sales requirement for their output. All three alternatives result in more exports of affected goods than the unmodified tax does. The increased exports will thereby benefit foreign consumers, and if the country is a large exporter of an affected good on the world market, the benefit is larger, because the additional exports will lower the good's world purchase price. Increased global sales and lower prices will improve world food security and benefit the consuming poor of the world, especially if the affected product is a staple food such as wheat or rice. Policies that pursue such goals are consistent with U.S. efforts to improve world food security. However, the alternative policies are "second best" options because they are less effective at increasing both domestic and world economic welfare than the first best policy of abolishing the export tax and allowing free export.
Alternative Policies To Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting
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Author : William Liefert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Alternative Policies To Agricultural Export Taxes That Are Less Market Distorting written by William Liefert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Agriculture categories.
U S Agricultural Exports
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Author : Amber Reid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
U S Agricultural Exports written by Amber Reid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with BUSINESS & ECONOMICS categories.
Trade, particularly exports, is critical to the vitality of American agriculture. On average, foreign markets absorb about one-fifth of U.S. agricultural production, thus contributing significantly to the health of the farm economy. The positive economic effects of trade in farm products are felt well beyond the farm gate. Farm product exports make up about 10% of total U.S. exports and contribute positively to the U.S. balance of trade. The economic benefits of agricultural exports also extend across rural communities, while overseas farm sales help to buoy a wide array of industries linked to agriculture, including transportation, processing, and farm input suppliers. Moreover, most of the future growth in food demand is expected to occur in developing countries. This book discusses major agricultural trade issues in the 114th Congress, as well as provides the reader with a background and issues of agricultural exports and the 2014 Farm Bill programs. It concludes with alternative policies to agricultural export taxes that are less market distorting.
Itjemast 13 5 2022
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Author : TuEngr.com
language : en
Publisher: International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies
Release Date :
Itjemast 13 5 2022 written by TuEngr.com and has been published by International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Business & Economics categories.
Articles in ITJEMAST 13(5)
Agriculture Rural Development Food And Drug Administration And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2014
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Agriculture Rural Development Food And Drug Administration And Related Agencies Appropriations For 2014 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with United States categories.
African Farmers Value Chains And Agricultural Development
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Author : Alan de Brauw
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-11-02
African Farmers Value Chains And Agricultural Development written by Alan de Brauw and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a thorough introduction to and examination of agricultural value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. First, the authors introduce the economic theory of agri-food value chains and value chain governance, focusing on domestic and regional trade in (and consumption of) food crops in a low-income country context. In addition to mainstream and heterodox thinking about value chain development, the book pays attention to political economy considerations. The book also reviews the empirical evidence on value chain development and performance in Africa. It adopts multiple lenses to examine agricultural value chains, zooming out from the micro level (e.g., relational contracting in a context of market imperfections) to the meso level (e.g., distributional implications of various value chain interventions, inclusion of specific social groups) and the macro level (underlying income, population and urbanization trends, volumes and prices, etc.).Furthermore, this book places value chain development in the context of a process the authors refer to as structural transformation 2.0, which refers to a process where production factors (labor, land and capital) move from low-productivity agriculture to high-productivity agriculture. Finally, throughout the book the authors interpret the evidence in light of three important debates: (i) how competitive are rural factor and product markets, and what does this imply for distribution and innovation? (ii) what role do foreign investment and factor proportions play in the development of agri-food value chains in Africa? (iii) what complementary government policies can help facilitate a process of agricultural value chain transformation, towards high-productive activities and enhancing the capacity of value chains to generate employment opportunities and food security for a growing population.
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume in the 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives' series focus on distortions to agricultural incentives from a global perspective.
Alternative Agricultural And Food Policies And The 1985 Farm Bill
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Author : Gordon C. Rausser
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-17
Alternative Agricultural And Food Policies And The 1985 Farm Bill written by Gordon C. Rausser and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-17 with Nature categories.
In 1985, the U.S. Congress confronted the difficult and complex task of developing a 5-year omnibus legislation allowing for lower commodity prices. But, policies predicated on the concept of agriculture as a unique sector of the economy became less and less appropriate to the highly interdependent, open agricultural economy throughout the 1980s. First published in 1985, this collection of 16 papers and related discussions contained in these proceedings is an important contribution toward understanding the issues, options, and dilemmas in U.S. agricultural policy. This is an ideal title for students interested in environmental studies, agriculture, and national policy.
Groundnut Export Tax In Senegal Winners And Losers
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Author : Fofana, Ismaël
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2018-09-06
Groundnut Export Tax In Senegal Winners And Losers written by Fofana, Ismaël and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-06 with Political Science categories.
Groundnuts are the most common cash crop and the main source of income for farmers in Senegal. Previously marginal, groundnut exports surged between 2011 and 2013. This new dynamic motivated the Government of Senegal to introduce a tax on groundnut exports in 2017. Senegal is a price-taker in the international groundnut market. Thus, the ex-ante simulation of the export tax on groundnuts results in a decreasing surplus for groundnut producers, while the surpluses of groundnut processors, the Government, and consumers increase. However, the positive effect on consumers is reversed if the introduction of the export tax is associated with a public investment-led groundnut productivity increase. The tax appears to be biased in favor of the export-oriented groundnut oil industry. Although the groundnut productivity increase mitigates the producers’ loss, it widens the benefit accruing to the groundnut processors. The induced increase of groundnut oil exports and the exchange rate effect exacerbate the producers’ loss. The associated negative income effect exceeds the positive price effect, leading to a decline in consumers’ surplus. Therefore, the introduction of an export tax does not necessarily increase consumers’ surplus in a country with weak market power. The economic structure and the external trade features of the country are as relevant as the fiscal policy decisions associated with the implementation of the trade reform.
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives In Asia
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2009-02-04
Distortions To Agricultural Incentives In Asia written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-04 with Political Science categories.
The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihoods. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors and within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development had provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there have been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the third in a series (other volumes cover Africa, Europe's transition economices, and Latin America and the Caribbean) that not only fills that void for recent years but extends the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time and provides analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Asia' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the 12 largest economies of East and South Asia. Together these countries constitute more than 95 percent of the region's population, agricultural output, and overall GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the 1950s, and there have been substantial reforms since the 1980s, most notably in China and India. Nonetheless, numerous price distortions in this region remain and others have added in recent years. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for assessing the successes and failures of the past and for evaluating policy options for the years ahead.