An Evaluation Of Causal Factors Affecting Coral Reef Community Structure In Ma Alaea Bay Maui Hawaii
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An Evaluation Of Causal Factors Affecting Coral Reef Community Structure In Ma Alaea Bay Maui Hawaii
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Author : Steven J. Dollar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
An Evaluation Of Causal Factors Affecting Coral Reef Community Structure In Ma Alaea Bay Maui Hawaii written by Steven J. Dollar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Benthos categories.
"On March 16, 2010, the County of Maui provided funding to conduct research to investigate and identify point and non-point pollution and nutrient sources that may have led to drastic declines in coral heath and complexity of the benthic community and, subsequently, promoted excessive algal growth in Ma'alaea Bay. A second objective of the work was to provide information that could be utilized for developing planning tools to better protect coral reefs throughout the State of Hawaii through investigation, interpretation and publication of the causes and effects of the decline in Ma'alaea Bay's healthy and complex reef habitat"--Executive summary.
Baseline Assessments For Coral Reef Community Structure And Demographics On West Maui
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Author : Bernardo Vargas-Ángel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Baseline Assessments For Coral Reef Community Structure And Demographics On West Maui written by Bernardo Vargas-Ángel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Benthos categories.
"The coastal and upslope terrains of West Maui have had a long history of impacts owing to more than a century of human activities. Resource extraction, agriculture, as well as residential and resort development have caused land-based pollution that impairs water quality and adversely impact the adjacent marine ecosystem. Today, West Maui's coral reefs are chronically impacted by the effects of land-based pollution, mainly sedimentation and nutrients, with documented losses of 30 - 75% in coral cover over the last 20 years. Nonetheless, despite their current status and levels of environmental impact, these coral reef communities represent a key local resource and a counterpoint to the overall low coral reef development levels both island- and state-wide. This is of high relevance because the occurrence of coral-rich assemblages and accreted reef complexes statewide is sparse. Only limited segments along the coastlines of Maui, Hawai'i, Lana'i, Moloka'i, and Kaho'olawe, harbor mature, fringing coral reefs; and unfortunately, many of them are seriously threatened by terrestrial runoff. This report describes the results of baseline assessment surveys of coral reef benthic structure, coral community demographics, and coral condition. These surveys are intended to provide benchmarks for continued monitoring efforts and provide a gauge for comparing and evaluating the effectiveness of management actions to reduce land-based sources of pollution in priority watersheds on West Maui. Within this context, 12 permanent, long-term monitoring sites were strategically established adjacent to the 7 primary stream drainages (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Mahinahina, Kahana/Ka'opala, Honokeana, Honokahua, and Honolua) within the five priority watersheds (Wahikuli, Honokōwai, Kahana, Honokahua, and Honolua). Herein, benthic cover and composition, coral demographics, and coral condition of the monitoring sites are described and contrasted in the 'Benthic Characterization' and 'Synthesis and Discussion' sections of this report"--Executive Summary. [doi:10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001 (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/SP-PIFSC-17-001)]
An Integrated Empirical And Modeling Approach To Evaluate Determinants Of Community Structure And Alternate Stable States Dynamics On Tropical Reefs
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Author : Ranjan Muthukrishnan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
An Integrated Empirical And Modeling Approach To Evaluate Determinants Of Community Structure And Alternate Stable States Dynamics On Tropical Reefs written by Ranjan Muthukrishnan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Coral reefs have seen precipitous declines across the globe that are generally associated with transitions to reefs dominated by algae. Understanding the causes and dynamics of these transitions is of critical importance for the implementation of effective management strategies to protect reefs that remain healthy and to recover degraded reefs. To address these issues I evaluated the potential resilience of coral reefs at Isla Contadora, Panamá in the Easter Tropical Pacific (ETP), to different anthropogenic stresses with an integrated approach using empirical and modeling methods. Direct community response to stressors was investigated with experimental manipulations of herbivore abundance, nutrient supply and sediment loading. These experiments showed that any of the three stressors could push reefs toward algal dominance but that the effects of particular stressors were variable and highly dependent on the environmental context in which they were applied. In addition, I identified that herbivory rates and nutrient availability, two critical controls of community structure, vary in response to the local abundance of coral and algae. Because both processes are stronger in the community state they support they act as positive feedbacks pushing reefs toward divergent community states and producing patchy spatial patterning. Using these empirical results I developed a spatially explicit simulation model that incorporated and tested if the environmental conditions measured in the ETP supported alternative stable states (ASS). ASS theory is a dominant conceptual framework for understanding processes that support resilience of ecological communities in the face of anthropogenic disturbance, and, by combining empirical and modeling methods, I propose a rapid and non-destructive method to evaluate ASS in fragile habitats. Using the model I demonstrated that the presence of positive feedback are essential for ASS and the strength of those feedbacks is the critical factor that separates systems with phase shifts and ASS. With data from Isla Contadora I was also able to identify the particular conditions under which ETP reefs should display ASS and demonstrated that the reefs at Isla Contadora exist within that range suggesting they exist as ASS.
A Research Review Of Interventions To Increase The Persistence And Resilience Of Coral Reefs
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-05-05
A Research Review Of Interventions To Increase The Persistence And Resilience Of Coral Reefs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-05 with Science categories.
Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report.
The Telegraph Messenger S New Year S Greeting
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1889
The Telegraph Messenger S New Year S Greeting written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1889 with categories.
Baseline Surveys For Coral Reef Community Structure And Demographics In Vatia And Faga Alu Bay American Samoa
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Author : Bernardo Vargas-Ángel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Baseline Surveys For Coral Reef Community Structure And Demographics In Vatia And Faga Alu Bay American Samoa written by Bernardo Vargas-Ángel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Coral reef conservation categories.
"This report describes the results of baseline assessment surveys for coral reef benthic structure, coral community demographics, and health condition conducted in Vatia Bay and Faga‘alu Bay, American Samoa, by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) of NOAA’s Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), from 23 October to 15 November 2015. The work described was funded by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) through two internal projects entitled: 'Comprehensive Baseline Assessment and Pilot test of Outcome Performance Measures in Faga’alu Bay, American Samoa', awarded to Suzie Holst (NOAA National Ocean Service) and 'Eutrophication Impacts on Coral Ecosystem Health in Vatia, American Samoa', awarded to David Whitall (NOAA National Center for Coastal and Ocean Science)"--Page 7.
Coral Reef Community Structure At Hanauma Bay Oahu Hawaii
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Author : Brooks D. Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Coral Reef Community Structure At Hanauma Bay Oahu Hawaii written by Brooks D. Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Coral reef conservation categories.
Reproduction of a portion of author's Ph. D. thesis, Heed University, 1978.
Refuge In The Deep Assessing The Potential Of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems To Act As Refugia For Shallow Coral Reef Fishes In The Hawaiian Islands
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Author : Corinne Nicole Kane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Refuge In The Deep Assessing The Potential Of Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems To Act As Refugia For Shallow Coral Reef Fishes In The Hawaiian Islands written by Corinne Nicole Kane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Coral communities categories.
Coral reefs are increasingly under threat, necessitating an emphasis to identify coral reefs with reduced susceptibilities to local and/or global anthropogenic impacts. Mesophotic coral reefs (MCEs; >30m) are proposed as potential refugia and/or propagule sources, yet little information is known about deep reefs' abilities to harbor, replenish, or conserve shallow species. In this dissertation, I examine the plausibility of MCEs to act as refugia for shallow reef fishes in the Hawaiian Islands. Chapter One explores reef fish community structure and habitat composition along a 3-50m gradient in West Hawai'i. Reef fish communities change gradually with depth, with >78% of species observed at mesophotic depths (>30m) found at shallow depths. Changes in community structure are linked closely with feeding behavior, with shallow reefs dominated by herbivores, while mesophotic reefs are dominated by invertivore and planktivore trophic assemblages. Changes in fish assemblages are tied to indirect effects of depth and available coral habitat, as deeper reefs contain more patchily-distributed habitat. Chapter Two examines mechanisms underlying herbivorous fish distributions using a suite of observational and experimental field and laboratory techniques. Herbivorous fishes are not limited by food resources at MCE depths, as MCE algae had similar nutritional content, species assemblages, and appears to be highly palatable from algal choice experiments. Instead, changes with depth are likely the result of top-down, non-consumptive predation effects and behavioral choices. Chapter Three undertakes a critical analysis of the deep refugia hypothesis for coral reef fishes across the Main Hawaiian Islands. Upper MCEs (30-60m) may act as refugia for shallow reef fishes, as we found they are more thermally stable and >70% of reef fishes encountered were shallow species. Conversely, MCEs contain reduced densities of reef fishes and communities are comprised almost solely of invertivore and planktivore trophic groups. The near-absence of herbivorous fishes below 30m indicate MCEs will have a limited capacity to re-seed shallow reefs with species of ecological or economic importance. Overall, MCEs may act as refugia for biodiversity conservation but their ability to restock shallow reef fish communities will result in fundamentally different community compositions that shift towards smaller-bodied and less economically/ecologically valuable species.
Consumers On Coral Reefs
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Author : Levi S. Lewis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Consumers On Coral Reefs written by Levi S. Lewis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Herbivores facilitate the existence of coral reef ecosystems by limiting the abundance of fleshy algae. Though fishes often dominate in deeper fore-reefs, echinoids (sea urchins) often dominate herbivore communities in shallow fringing- and back-reefs. Given their strong effects on benthic dynamics in the Caribbean Sea and Indian Ocean, echinoids may drive many key biological processes on shallow coral reefs across the globe. Though described as generalists, echinoid species appear to exert unique effects on coral reef benthic communities. This dissertation examined how variation in the structure of echinoid communities drives benthic community dynamics on Hawaiian reefs. The four research projects (data chapters) used a combination of mensurative and manipulative approaches in the lab and field to address this topic and are organized into two themes: (1) spatial variation in consumer (echinoid) effects in relation to environmental conditions and (2) functional diversity among echinoid species and communities, and their consequent effects on benthic dynamics. In sum, this dissertation demonstrates that (1) herbivory by echinoids varies greatly among sites and can be a dominant structuring force on coral reefs in Maui, HI, (2) the in situ effects of echinoids on coral recruitment appears to be driven by a variety of factors (e.g., echinoid community structure and sediment exposure), (3) echinoid species vary greatly (> 10-fold) in their metabolic demands, grazing rates, and diet preferences, and (4) functional diversity among species leads to significant and large differences in the effects of unique echinoid communities on benthic dynamics and coral growth. These results emphasize the importance and complexity of echinoid community demographics and consequent effects in coral reef ecosystems. Though echinoids are able and willing to consume and survive on a variety of different food items, their unique preferences and grazing behaviors can result in diverse ecological functions and effects on coral reefs. These results suggest that models of coral reef ecosystem dynamics and conservation/management efforts (particularly for shallow reefs where echinoids often dominate) likely need to account for echinoid community structure and function in order to maximize their accuracy and long-term effectiveness.
The Influence Of Habitat Quality On The Community Structure Distribution Pattern Condition And Growth Of Coral Reef Fish A Case Study Of Grunts Haemulidae From Antigua B W I A Small Island System
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Author : Sherry Lynette Constantine
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Influence Of Habitat Quality On The Community Structure Distribution Pattern Condition And Growth Of Coral Reef Fish A Case Study Of Grunts Haemulidae From Antigua B W I A Small Island System written by Sherry Lynette Constantine and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The goal of this research was to determine the relative quality of near shore marine areas by investigating their influence on Haemulidae community structure, distribution pattern, condition, and growth. Habitat was defined at the small spatial scale of individual habitat types such as seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs, and at the broader spatial scale of the interconnection of these individual habitat types within a mosaic (IHM). Ten spatial, biotic and abiotic parameters (percentage coverage of sand, mangroves, hard substrate, and seagrass, turbidity, pH, salinity, temperature, average depth, and predator density) were investigated. These environmental characteristics acted as proxies for the quality of IHMs. The major findings of the research were: (1) IHMs and discrete habitat types in tropical marine systems are not always equal in quality. Further, the highest quality IHMs/discrete habitat types have the critical resources whether spatial, abiotic or biotic, at the optimum levels needed by organisms to carry out their critical life functions; (2) IHMs of the highest quality contain all the discrete habitat types needed by organisms to carry out their life processes in a spatial arrangement that maximizes energy savings; (3) IHMs can be of high quality in the absence of one habitat type, if this habitat type is replaced by another that can take on its ecological role; and (4) the percentage cover of hard substratum and seagrass, temperature, and predator density have a big impact on Haemulidae distribution pattern, community structure, condition and growth. In addition, this research highlighted some of many characteristics of benthic habitats such as type and configuration that should be included in the design of Marine Protected Areas for the effective management of fisheries resources. Effective Marine Protected Areas should have (1) large overall area with benthic habitat types of high quality; (2) spatial configurations with short distances (corridors) between habitat types; (3) spatial arrangements that place all individual habitat types in connection with all other habitat types so that energy expenditure in moving among habitat types is reduced; (4) habitats with high structural complexity; and (5) the inclusion of all the habitat types needed by focal organisms to carry out their life processes, or surrogate habitat types that can take on the role of ones that are absent.