An In Cylinder Study Of Soot And No In A Di Diesel Engine Final Report
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An In Cylinder Study Of Soot And No In A Di Diesel Engine Final Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
An In Cylinder Study Of Soot And No In A Di Diesel Engine Final Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Clearly the reduction of NOx and particulate emissions remains a major challenge to Diesel engine manufacturers due to increasingly stringent emission standards in the US and other countries. The well documented NOx/particulate trade-off observed in Diesel engines makes the simultaneous reduction of both emissions particularly difficult for manufacturers to achieve. In an effort to provide an improved understanding of the fundamental processes which result in this trade-off, a program was carried out at Penn State to develop the appropriate engine facilities and laser diagnostics to permit in-cylinder studies of Diesel combustion and emissions production with the support of the Department of Energy Advanced Industrial Technology Division . This work has also been supported by the Cummins Engine Company, Lubrizol Corporation and the National Science Foundation. An optically accessible, direct injection, Diesel engine was constructed for these studies. The major objective of the, design of the engine was to maximize optical access under conditions representative of Diesel engine combustion in small bore, commercial engines. Intake air is preheated and boosted in pressure to make the in-cylinder conditions of heat release and pressure as realistic as possible. Another important objective of the design was flexibility in combustion chamber geometry to permit a variety of head and bowl geometries to be studied. In all the results reported in this report a square bowl was used to simplify the introduction of laser light sheets into the engine.
An In Cylinder Study Of The Particulate No3 Trade Off In A Di Diesel Engine Draft Of Final Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
An In Cylinder Study Of The Particulate No3 Trade Off In A Di Diesel Engine Draft Of Final Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
The goal of the work performed during the contract period was to establish the ability to study soot and NO within the combustion chamber of a DI Diesel engine and to couple these measurements with actual exhaust emissions. This work was motivated by the need to obtain a more complete understanding of the particulate/NO{sub X} trade-off, observed in Diesel engines, to aid engine designers in meeting emissions limits. In order to achieve the desired goal, an optically accessible DI Diesel engine was designed and constructed. Also, planar imaging methods for imaging soot and NO were developed in laboratory flames and were then applied to the engine. For the study of soot, planar Mie scattering was used and a polarization ratio method was investigated to distinguish soot from fuel droplets. The Mie scattering technique proved to be well suited for the engine, and extensive results were obtained. In order to observe NO, planar laser induced fluorescence was used and it was successfully applied in the engine. In addition to these techniques, high speed combustion photography and shadowgraph photography were applied to obtain general characteristics of the combustion process. As a final diagnostic, actual engine emissions were measured. This report begins with a brief discussion of the problem under investigation and a summary of other studies of the NOx/particulate trade-off. Following these sections is a summary of the accomplishments and results from the present study. Finally, detailed results are presented through the six technical papers which were written during the contract period; these papers are appended to the report.
Prospectus Of An Association For Promoting The Observation And Classification Of Meteorological Phenomena In Scotland
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1855
Prospectus Of An Association For Promoting The Observation And Classification Of Meteorological Phenomena In Scotland written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1855 with categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Aeronautics categories.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Power resources categories.
A Study Of No And Soot Evolution In A Di Diesel Engine Via Planar Imaging
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Author : Bulent Alatas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
A Study Of No And Soot Evolution In A Di Diesel Engine Via Planar Imaging written by Bulent Alatas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Combustion deposits in engines categories.
Progress Report No 13 Diesel Ignition And Combustin
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Author : j.a. bolt arpad mikloa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Progress Report No 13 Diesel Ignition And Combustin written by j.a. bolt arpad mikloa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Acid Precipitation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991-07
Acid Precipitation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-07 with categories.
Soot And No X Emissions And Combustion Characteristics Of Low Heat Rejection Direct Injection Diesel Engines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Soot And No X Emissions And Combustion Characteristics Of Low Heat Rejection Direct Injection Diesel Engines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Performance and emissions data were gathered on a normally aspirated single cylinder DI engine with various combinations of ceramic coatings installed. Thin ceramic thermal barrier coatings were applied to the piston crown and bowl, the head and valves, and the cylinder liner. The coated piston and head were run singly and in combination with the cylinder liner to investigate the effects of these different coated surfaces on emissions and performance. Coating the piston crown alone results in generally lower cylinder pressure, lower brake specific fuel consumption and lower NO(x) emission compared to the baseline engine. Soot emission is typically increased below 2000 RPM and decreased above 2000 RPM. Coating the head alone reduces cylinder pressure, but generally increases specific fuel consumption and NO(x) and soot emission. The KIVA-II code was used to model the Hydra engine with the thermal coatings. The computer modeling has led to an understanding of the effect of coating the piston on NO production. The hotter piston crown warms the intake air, shortening ignition delay and decreasing the ratio of premixed to diffusion combustion, ultimately resulting III lower peak cylinder temperature and reduced NO. The KIVA-II results agree reasonably well with the experimental data for cylinder pressure and NO and soot emission. Diesel combustion, Low heat rejection engines, NO(x) Emission, Soot emission, Thermal barrier coatings.
Investigation On Nitric Oxide And Soot Of Biodiesel And Conventional Diesel Using A Medium Duty Diesel Engine
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Author : Hoseok Song
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Investigation On Nitric Oxide And Soot Of Biodiesel And Conventional Diesel Using A Medium Duty Diesel Engine written by Hoseok Song and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Biodiesel has been suggested as an alternative fuel to the petroleum diesel fuel. It beneficially reduces regulated emission gases, but increases NOx (nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide) Thus, the increase in NOx is the barrier for potential growth of the biodiesel fuel. In general, NOx formation is dominated by flame temperature. Interestingly, soot can play a role as a heat sink as well as a heat transfer media to high temperature gases. Thus, the cooling effect of soot may change the flame temperature and therefore, NOx emissions. In this study, emphasis is placed on the relationship between soot and NO (Nitric oxide) formation. For the experimental study, a metallic fuel additive is used since barium is known to be effective to suppress soot formation during combustion. The barium additive is applied to #2D (Number 2 diesel fuel) by volume basis: 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 %-v, and to the palm olein oil by 0.25 %-v. All the tests are carried out in a four-cylinder medium duty diesel engine, 4045 DI diesel engine, manufactured by John Deere. For the analysis, an analytical model is used to estimate combustion temperature, NO concentration and soot emissivity. The results show that NO concentration does not have the expected trade-off relation with soot. Rather, NO concentration is found to be more strongly affected by ambient temperature and combustion characteristics than by soot. The results of the analytical model show the reasonable NO estimation and the improvement on temperature calculation. However, the model is not able to explain the detailed changes of soot emissivity by the different fuels since the emissivity correlation is developed empirically for diesel fuel.
