An Investigation Of Metaphor Comprehension And Evaluation
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An Investigation Of Metaphor Comprehension And Evaluation
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Author : P. A. Walsh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
An Investigation Of Metaphor Comprehension And Evaluation written by P. A. Walsh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Researching And Applying Metaphor
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Author : Graham Low
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1999-02-11
Researching And Applying Metaphor written by Graham Low and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-11 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This book demonstrates how metaphor needs to be researched using multiple methods of investigation.
Creative Metaphor Evaluation And Emotion In Conversations About Work
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Author : Jeannette Littlemore
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-06
Creative Metaphor Evaluation And Emotion In Conversations About Work written by Jeannette Littlemore and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book explores the roles played by creative and conventional metaphor in expressing positive and negative evaluation within a particular workplace, drawing on interviews with 31 current and former employees of the British Civil Service. Metaphor is often used to express evaluation but relatively few studies have investigated the ways in which metaphor is used to evaluate personal emotionally charged experiences. The volume explores how metaphor serves a predominantly evaluative function, with creatively used metaphors often more likely than conventional metaphors to perform an evaluative function, particularly when the evaluation is negative or ambiguous. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between evaluation, creativity, and metaphor. Examples, including military metaphors and family metaphors, show how creativity often comes through subverting the norms of use of a particular metaphor category, or altering the valence from its conventional use. The study elucidates the myriad ways in which people push at the boundaries of linguistic creativity in their efforts to describe the qualitative nature of their experiences. Demonstrating how metaphor can be a powerful tool for the nuanced expression of complex and ambiguous evaluation, this book will appeal to researchers interested in better understanding metaphor, creativity, evaluation, and workplace cultures.
Understanding Figurative Language
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Author : Sam Glucksberg
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2001-07-26
Understanding Figurative Language written by Sam Glucksberg and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book examines how people understand utterances that are intended figuratively. Traditionally, figurative language such as metaphors and idioms has been considered derivative from more complex than ostensibly straightforward literal language. Glucksberg argues that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language. Glucksberg's research in this book is concerned with ordinary language: expressions that are used in daily life, including conversations about everyday matters, newspaper and magazine articles, and the media. Metaphor is the major focus of the book. Idioms, however, are also treated comprehensively, as is the theory of conceptual metaphor in the context of how people understand both conventional and novel figurative expressions. A new theory of metaphor comprehension is put forward, and evaluated with respect to competing theories in linguistics and in psychology. The central tenet of the theory is that ordinary conversational metaphors are used to create new concepts and categories. This process is spontaneous and automatic. Metaphor is special only in the sense that these categories get their names from the best examples of the things they represent, and that these categories get their names from the best examples of those categories. Thus, the literal "shark" can be a metaphor for any vicious and predatory being, from unscrupulous salespeople to a murderous character in The Threepenny Opera. Because the same term, e.g.,"shark," is used both for its literal referent and for the metaphorical category, as in "My lawyer is a shark," we call it the dual-reference theory. The theory is then extended to two other domains: idioms and conceptual metaphors. The book presents the first comprehensive account of how people use and understand metaphors in everyday life.
Metaphor
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1985-01-01
Metaphor written by and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The aim of the present bibliography is to provide the student of metaphor with an up-to-date and comprehensive (albeit not exhaustive) overview of recent publications dealing with various aspects of metaphor in a variety of disciplines. Where the emphasis is primarily on specific works about metaphor, mainly in philosophy, linguistics, and psychology, the list has been supplemented with references to studies where metaphor is explicitly recognized as an instrument of research or analysis (e.g., in literature, or in the elaboration of scientific and religious models) or where its use is illustrated.
The Metaphorical Brain
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Author : Seana Coulson
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-09
The Metaphorical Brain written by Seana Coulson and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Metaphor has been an issue of intense research and debate for decades (see, for example [1]). Researchers in various disciplines, including linguistics, psychology, computer science, education, and philosophy have developed a variety of theories, and much progress has been made [2]. For one, metaphor is no longer considered a rhetorical flourish that is found mainly in literary texts. Rather, linguists have shown that metaphor is a pervasive phenomenon in everyday language, a major force in the development of new word meanings, and the source of at least some grammatical function words [3]. Indeed, one of the most influential theories of metaphor involves the suggestion that the commonality of metaphoric language results because cross-domain mappings are a major determinant in the organization of semantic memory, as cognitive and neural resources for dealing with concrete domains are recruited for the conceptualization of more abstract ones [4]. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience have explored whether particular kinds of brain damage are associated with metaphor production and comprehension deficits, and whether similar brain regions are recruited when healthy adults understand the literal and metaphorical meanings of the same words (see [5] for a review) . Whereas early research on this topic focused on the issue of the role of hemispheric asymmetry in the comprehension and production of metaphors [6], in recent years cognitive neuroscientists have argued that metaphor is not a monolithic category, and that metaphor processing varies as a function of numerous factors, including the novelty or conventionality of a particular metaphoric expression, its part of speech, and the extent of contextual support for the metaphoric meaning (see, e.g., [7], [8], [9]). Moreover, recent developments in cognitive neuroscience point to a sensorimotor basis for many concrete concepts, and raise the issue of whether these mechanisms are ever recruited to process more abstract domains [10]. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in cognitive neuroscience whose work involves the study of metaphor in language and thought in order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of metaphor. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it synthesizes current findings on the cognitive neuroscience of metaphor, provides a forum for voicing novel perspectives, and promotes avenues for new research on the metaphorical brain. [1] Arbib, M. A. (1989). The metaphorical brain 2: Neural networks and beyond. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [2] Gibbs Jr, R. W. (Ed.). (2008). The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press. [3] Sweetser, Eve E. "Grammaticalization and semantic bleaching." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Vol. 14. 2011. [4] Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. Basic books. [5] Coulson, S. (2008). Metaphor comprehension and the brain. The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought, 177-194. [6] Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1977). The comprehension of metaphor in brain-damaged patients. Brain, 100(4), 717-729. [7] Coulson, S., & Van Petten, C. (2007). A special role for the right hemisphere in metaphor comprehension?: ERP evidence from hemifield presentation. Brain Research, 1146, 128-145. [8] Lai, V. T., Curran, T., & Menn, L. (2009). Comprehending conventional and novel metaphors: An ERP study. Brain Research, 1284, 145-155. [9] Schmidt, G. L., Kranjec, A., Cardillo, E. R., & Chatterjee, A. (2010). Beyond laterality: a critical assessment of research on the neural basis of metaphor. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(01), 1-5. [10] Desai, R. H., Binder, J. R., Conant, L. L., Mano, Q. R., & Seidenberg, M. S. (2011). The neural career of sensory-motor metaphors. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2376-2386.
Literature Metaphor And The Foreign Language Learner
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Author : Jonathan Picken
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-10-23
Literature Metaphor And The Foreign Language Learner written by Jonathan Picken and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-23 with Education categories.
Theory in reader-response and stylistics traditions supports L2 work with literature as it is valued by students and helps develop communicative and critical language skills. The author uses insights from empirical research to evaluate current teaching practices against this background, highlighting readers' responses to metaphor as a test case.
Metaphor In Languages For Special Purposes
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Author : Susanne Richardt
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Release Date : 2005
Metaphor In Languages For Special Purposes written by Susanne Richardt and has been published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Langues de spécialité categories.
This work is a cognitive-linguistic investigation of metaphor in languages for special purposes (LSP). Metaphorization is (re-)defined as a transfer of mental schemata which are mapped from a familiar source domain to analogically structure a hard-to-grasp target domain. Metaphors are empirically evaluated in an investigation of academic writing as well as of popular-scientific texts in the domains of economics, medicine and computing. The empirical analysis provides evidence that even scientific reasoning recurs to metaphorical thinking as an information-processing strategy. Since metaphors appear to define the scientific paradigms which determine (but also constrain) the scope of scientific reasoning, the findings give rise to a discussion about the objectivity of science.
Researching And Applying Metaphor In The Real World
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Author : Graham Low
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2010-10-13
Researching And Applying Metaphor In The Real World written by Graham Low and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
It has become increasingly clear that metaphor needs to be explored in terms of the social and discourse context in which it is used, especially where the aim is to address real-world problems. The notion of 'real world' metaphor research has been developed to describe this important area of investigation. This book starts by describing the nature and scope of real world metaphor research and then illustrates, through 17 detailed, mainly empirically-based studies, the different areas it can apply to, and different methodologies that can be employed. Research problems are explored in areas such as artificial intelligence, language teaching and learning, reconciliation dialogue, university lecture discourse, poetry and wine description. Methods include corpus analysis, experimentation, discourse analysis, cross-cultural analysis and genre analysis. In each case the empirical studies refer back to Gibbs's opening overview of real-world research. The result is an invaluable and cross-referenced collection of papers addressing real-world problems.
Finding Metaphor In Grammar And Usage
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Author : Gerard Steen
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2007
Finding Metaphor In Grammar And Usage written by Gerard Steen and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Cognitive linguists have proposed that metaphor is not just a matter of language but of thought, and that metaphorical thought displays a high degree of conventionalization. In order to produce converging evidence for this theory of metaphor, a wide range of data is currently being studied with a large array of methods and techniques. Finding Metaphor in Grammar and Usage aims to map the field of this development in theory and research from a methodological perspective. It raises the question when exactly evidence for metaphor in language and thought can be said to count as converging. It also goes into the various stages of producing such evidence (conceptualization, operationalization, data collection and analysis, and interpretation). The book offers systematic discussion of eight distinct areas of metaphor research that emerge as a result of approaching metaphor as part of grammar or usage, language or thought, and symbolic structure or cognitive process.