An Investigation Of Snowcover Atmosphere Ocean Interactions In The Northern Hemisphere With A Global Atmospheric Model Coupled To A Slab Ocean Model
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An Investigation Of Snowcover Atmosphere Ocean Interactions In The Northern Hemisphere With A Global Atmospheric Model Coupled To A Slab Ocean Model
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Author : Gina R. Henderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
An Investigation Of Snowcover Atmosphere Ocean Interactions In The Northern Hemisphere With A Global Atmospheric Model Coupled To A Slab Ocean Model written by Gina R. Henderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Ocean-atmosphere interaction categories.
The difference between snow versus snow free conditions is the most significant natural, seasonal change the land surface can experience. Snow affects all aspects of the surface energy balance including albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and soil moisture. In addition, the presence or lack of snow plays an important role in modifying the overlying air temperature, propagating from local climate to neighboring regions and even globally through atmospheric teleconnections. Numerous studies to date have investigated the implications of snow forcing the atmosphere and associated circulation, however the cause and effect relationship or direction of forcing has not been decisively demonstrated from observed data alone. GCM studies investigating snow-atmosphere interaction have focused on interaction of Siberian or Eurasian snow cover anomalies with the atmospheric teleconnection modes such as the Arctic Oscillation. Although the tendency has been to concentrate on Eurasia due to the magnitude of snowmass, North American snow cover also produces a weak relationship with downstream climate and an atmospheric teleconnection via enhanced North Atlantic storm track activity. Recent GCM studies of the effects of snow cover on overlying atmospheric conditions and large-scale circulation have primarily used a data ocean model with a fixed seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea ice cover, based on historical SST records. We explore the influence of this SST boundary condition by comparing the data-forced model with a mixed-layer slab ocean model underneath the NCAR atmospheric GCM. Experimental runs consist of 40-year simulations where each experiment was run once with the data-forced model and once with the mixed-layer slab ocean model in scenarios of anomalously high and low snow cover patterns. Anomalous snow cover patterns were generated from historical snow cover data by choosing minimum and maximum depths observed on a particular day of the year for each grid point. Surface response results include significant SST cooling under maximum North American and Eurasian snow conditions. Locations of SST cooling include local coastal cooling directly downstream of each individual forcing region in addition to upstream centers of remote cooling; in the Pacific under anomalously high snow conditions in North America and in the Atlantic under anomalously high Eurasian snow conditions. Significant cooling of surface temperature at 2 m under maximum snow conditions local to each forcing region was evident from both experiments, however values were larger in magnitude and greater in spatial extent when using the slab model. Atmospheric responses to anomalous snow conditions are dominated by a barotropic response under maximum snow conditions throughout much of the mid latitudes in both experiments. Consistent upstream anomalously lower geopotential height and sea level pressure over the Pacific during early winter in particular is evident from the North American Slab experiment, implying a reduced north-south gradient indicating a negative AO phase under maximum snow extent and depth. In contrast, the Data experiment is dominated by weaker and less significant downstream response in both atmospheric fields for both experiments. Areas of positive eddy kinetic energy (EKE) correlate well with steep geopotential height gradient differences between maximum and minimum snow experiments. A dipole of EKE in early winter over the Pacific in both experiments with positive values to the south and negative to the north is indicative of reduced poleward heat flux which may be contributing to a decrease in warm SST advection northwards and the ensuing mid Pacific SST cooling. This proposed pathway is supported by increased zonal wind at 250 hPa collocated with identified regions of sharpened geopotential height gradient, strengthened baroclinicity and positive EKE. The Eurasian experiment shows a similar pathway to the North American experiment, however circulation response is focused downstream of the forcing region in early winter for both Slab and Data experiments. A southward shift of the prevailing East Asia storm track is indicated from a dipole pattern of EKE in the Pacific during early winter when using the Slab model in contrast to strengthening alone with no southward shift under Data conditions. Reduced poleward heat transport associated with a southward shift in the prevailing storm tracks of this region may be influencing the cooling SST trend through reduced warm SST advection to the Aleutian area of the North Pacific.
Climate Ocean Interaction
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Author : M.E. Schlesinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1990-08-31
Climate Ocean Interaction written by M.E. Schlesinger and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-08-31 with Science categories.
Preface This book is the culmination of a workshop jointly organized by NATO and CEC on Climate-Ocean Interaction which was held at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University during 26-30 September 1988. The objective of the ARW was to assess the current status of research on climate-ocean interaction, with a major focus on the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice models and their application in the study of past, present and possible future climates. This book contains 16 chapters divided into four parts: Introduction; Observations of the Climate of the Ocean; Modelling the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Sea Ice Components of the Climatic System; and Simulating the Variability of Climate on Short, Medium and Long Time Scales. A fifth part contains the reports of the five Working Groups on: Climate Observations, Modelling, ENSO Modelling and Prediction, Climate-Ocean Interaction on TIme Scales of Decades to Centuries, and Impact of Paleoclimatic Proxy Data on Climate Modelling. Preface ix Acknowledgements I thank Howard Cattle and Neil Wells for their guidance and assistance as members of the Workshop Organizing Committee. I particularly thank Michael Davey for all his efforts as Local Organizer to make the ARW a success. I also thank the staff of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, for their help with the arrangements for the ARW.
Interannual Middle Latitude Atmosphere Ocean Interactions
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Author : Jason Curtis Goodman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Interannual Middle Latitude Atmosphere Ocean Interactions written by Jason Curtis Goodman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Nature
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Author : Sir Norman Lockyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1869
Nature written by Sir Norman Lockyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1869 with Electronic journals categories.
The Role Of Sea Ice Thermodynamics In The Northern Hemisphere Climate As Simulated By A Global Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Model
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Author : Y. Le Clainche
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Role Of Sea Ice Thermodynamics In The Northern Hemisphere Climate As Simulated By A Global Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Model written by Y. Le Clainche and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Electronic books categories.
Sensitivity Of A Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Model To Improved Sea Ice Parameterizations
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Author : Stephen J. Vavrus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Sensitivity Of A Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Model To Improved Sea Ice Parameterizations written by Stephen J. Vavrus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Studies Of The Ocean Atmosphere System Using A Coupled Climate Model
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Studies Of The Ocean Atmosphere System Using A Coupled Climate Model written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Government Reports Announcements Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Government Reports Announcements Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
Role Of Atmosphere Ocean Interaction In The Midlatitude North Atlantic On Interannual Climate Variability
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Author : Uma S. Bhatt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Role Of Atmosphere Ocean Interaction In The Midlatitude North Atlantic On Interannual Climate Variability written by Uma S. Bhatt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Assessment Of Climate Change Over The Indian Region
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Author : R. Krishnan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-12
Assessment Of Climate Change Over The Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-12 with Science categories.
This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.