Analysis And Measurement Of Backscattering For Rfid System And Improvement Of Its Detection Method
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Analysis And Measurement Of Backscattering For Rfid System And Improvement Of Its Detection Method
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Author : 張理淵
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Analysis And Measurement Of Backscattering For Rfid System And Improvement Of Its Detection Method written by 張理淵 and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Chipless Radio Frequency Identification Reader Signal Processing
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Author : Nemai Chandra Karmakar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-03-17
Chipless Radio Frequency Identification Reader Signal Processing written by Nemai Chandra Karmakar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of the recent developments in signal processing for Chipless Radio Frequency Identification Systems This book presents the recent research results on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and provides smart signal processing methods for detection, signal integrity, multiple-access and localization, tracking, and collision avoidance in Chipless RFID systems. The book is divided into two sections: The first section discusses techniques for detection and denoising in Chipless RFID systems. These techniques include signal space representation, detection of frequency signatures using UWB impulse radio interrogation, time domain analysis, singularity expansion method for data extraction, and noise reduction and filtering techniques. The second section covers collision and error correction protocols, multi-tag identification through time-frequency analysis, FMCW radar based collision detection and multi-access for Chipless RFID tags as we as localization and tag tracking. Describes the use of UWB impulse radio interrogation to remotely estimate the frequency signature of Chipless RFID tags using the backscatter principle Reviews the collision problem in both chipped and Chipless RFID systems and summarizes the prevailing anti-collision algorithms to address the problem Proposes state-of-the-art multi-access and signal integrity protocols to improve the efficacy of the system in multiple tag reading scenarios Features an industry approach to the integration of various systems of the Chipless RFID reader-integration of physical layers, middleware, and enterprise software Chipless Radio Frequency Identification Reader Signal Processing is primarily written for researchers in the field of RF sensors but can serve as supplementary reading for graduate students and professors in electrical engineering and wireless communications.
Signal Processing Methods For Chipless Rfid
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Author : Prasanna Kalansuriya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Signal Processing Methods For Chipless Rfid written by Prasanna Kalansuriya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that automates routine procedures of data extraction, identification, tracking and surveillance in applications such as inventory control and logistics. The unit cost of conventional RFID tags is too high for them to be used in large item level tagging applications. This is because of the expensive electronic integrated circuits (ICs) used in the tags. As a solution to further reduce the cost of RFID tags, chipless RFID tags have been developed. A chipless RFID tag does not require an IC for its operation.Current research on chipless RFID technology has been focused on, the development of tag designs with enhanced data capacity, the development of tags with sensing capabilities, and the development of RFID reader architectures and signal processing algorithms. Despite current research efforts, further work is required in the area of signal processing for chipless RFID. For this purpose, three novel signal processing methods are introduced in this thesis, (i) development of a robust multidimensional detection algorithm for detecting data bits encoded in a chipless RFID tag, (ii) time and frequency domain analysis of backscattered tag signals for the removal of interference, and (iii) a new systematic calibration procedure for single antenna RFID readers. These methods enhance the performance of chipless RFID systems in terms of the data bit detection and reading range. Existing algorithms used for detecting data bits encoded in a frequency signature of a chipless RFID tag use a one dimensional approach to detection. The one dimensional approach to detection does not consider all the characteristics of the spectral features that encode data bits in a frequency signature. Therefore, the detection performance achieved is suboptimal. In order to enhance the detection performance, a new multidimensional detection method is introduced. The new method utilizes a set of orthonormal basis functions to fully describe the characteristics of a frequency signature. Using these orthonormal basis functions a frequency signature is represented as a signal point in a multidimensional signal space. The detection of data bits contained in an unknown frequency signature is performed using minimum distance detection. It is shown that the performance achieved by the new method exceeds the performance of existing one dimensionalthreshold based detection of tag data bits.The second method proposed in the thesis focuses on improving the reading range of an RFID reader beyond proximity based reading. For this purpose, the total received signal at an RFID reader is analysed in the time domain as well as the frequency domain to identify the essential signal component that contains the tag data. It is shown that the useful data is contained in the antenna mode of the backscattered tag response. The antenna mode backscatter is separated from therest of the received signal using a time window. The separated antenna mode is then analysed in the frequency domain to estimate the tag's frequency signature. Through this time and frequency domain analysis, non-proximity based reading is achieved. It is shown that the tag can be read in non-proximity reading conditions using simulation results and measurements taken in an anechoic chamber environment.The final method introduced in the thesis is a systematic calibration procedure for single antenna based chipless RFID readers. The calibration procedure takes into account practical conditions prevailing in a real world application environment. The calibration allows the RFID reader to accurately estimate the frequency signature of a chipless RFID tag in a cluttered environment. It also addresses the limitations of existing calibration methods used for chipless RFID systems such as the need for repeated calibration and antenna alignment.
Chipless Rfid
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Author : Reza Rezaiesarlak
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-12-08
Chipless Rfid written by Reza Rezaiesarlak and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book examines the design of chipless RFID systems. The authors begin with the philosophy of RFID and its effect on commercial applications. Then, they discuss the chipless RFID systems and the application of chipless RFID systems, the advantages it provides compared to conventional barcode ID and chipped RFID tags. The text then covers chipless RFID components in block diagram representation and introduce FCC requirements which should be considered in the design procedure of each component. The third chapter is dedicated to the complex natural resonance-based design of chipless RFID tags. The next chapter concerns about the detection techniques introduced for the identification of chipless RFID tags. The fifth chapter is dedicated to the localization and anti-collision techniques in chipless RFID systems. Final chapter is chipless RFID tags as sensors. It provides some applications where the tag can be used as both ID and sensor. The tag specifications and detection issues are addressed in this section.
Rfid
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Author : Colby Scott Boyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Rfid written by Colby Scott Boyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Backscatter modulation is the keystone behind the technical and commercial success of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) in applications that require fast, efficient, and automatic identification of tagged objects. Owing to RFID's ultra low cost and low power attributes, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and other biological/physiological sensing applications now use backscatter modulation as a communication link. These systems build upon existing RFID industry protocols such as ISO 18000-6C (or EPC Gen2). RFID tags do not use an active RF transceiver architecture, but instead operate on a principle similar to RADAR. A nearby RFID reader transmits a continuous wave that the tag's antenna partially scatters back to the reader's antenna array. By switching its antenna impedance loading between different values, the tag modulates the antenna scattering observed by the reader. Therefore reverse engineering RFID at the systems level will provide new insights and design recommendations. This dissertation focuses on three key areas relating to backscatter modulation and RFID systems: 1) analyze the co-design of backscatter modulation and error correction coding, 2) characterize space-time coding and MIMO performance limits of the dyadic backscatter channel, and 3) hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) and random access improvements to the Gen2 protocol. Passive and semi-passive RFID tags depend on scavenged energy to power their IC. While backscatter modulation itself consumes a negligible amount of energy, the modulator creates an impedance mismatch between the tag's antenna and power harvester, thereby decreasing the antenna to the tag power transfer efficiency. This required impedance mismatch couples the link performance to the power harvester's performance, so to quantify this tradeoff, we introduce a new metric: backscatter power efficiency loss per bit. Higher order constellations improve the link's spectral efficiency, but have lower power efficiency as compared to binary modulation schemes. We propose new coded modulation schemes based on unequal error protection, which improves both the spectral efficiency and the backscatter power efficiency loss metric. MIMO processing is a canonical technique to improve wireless link capacity and reliability, which will require future tags and readers to have multiple antennas. The dyadic backscatter channel (DBC) models the behavior of small-scale fading in RFID MIMO systems, however, its statistics differ from those of the classic Rayleigh fading MIMO channel. We analytical characterize the performance of space-time trellis codes and orthogonal space-time block codes, derive an upper bound to the pairwise error probability (PEP), and derive the maximum diversity order of the DBC. Unlike Rayleigh fading, the diversity order only depends on the number of tag antennas but not the number of reader receive antennas. In fading channels, MIMO techniques offer two opposing performance gains: diversity (reliability against outage events) or multiplexing gain (spectral efficiency). The diversity multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) is an asymptotic measure that quantifies the achievable diversity for a given multiplexing gain. Starting from the definition of the DBC and the DMT of the double scattering channel, the corresponding DMT of the DBC is derived. The statistics of the DBC limit the amount diversity when compared to the Rayleigh MIMO channel, although the available multiplexing gain is unchanged. Increasing the number of receive antennas improves both diversity and multiplexing gain until the receive antenna count equals the number of tag antennas, otherwise additional receive antennas offer no gains with respect to the DMT. The current EPC Gen2 standard does not use any form of error correction and does not allow for fast link adaption between reading separate tags. We consider a protocol that uses HARQ algorithms without requiring major changes to the Gen2 protocol. In addition, we develop theoretical models that capture EPC Gen2's baseline performance and capacity in terms SNR and tag read rate. Existing HARQ algorithms, such as Chase combining (CC) and incremental redundancy (IR), are studied via simulations and the performance quantified in terms of tag read rate. The simulation results show that CC allows for graceful system degradation and IR achieves read rates close to EPC Gen2's capacity limit. Random access plays a critical role in RFID tag singulation. EPC Gen2 uses frame slotted ALOHA (FSA) to arbitrate channel resources between tags, but FSA has low efficiency due to empty slots and collisions. To aid in tag collision resolution, we consider multiuser detection (MUD) and incremental redundancy enhancements to the FSA protocol. The theoretical performance of the MUD receiver is analyzed from a compressive sensing viewpoint. As an example of a practical code construction, we evaluate the performance of punctured second order Reed Muller codes. These enhancements improve FSA's throughput and its response to high system loads.
Advanced Chipless Rfid
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Author : Nemai Chandra Karmakar
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-08-03
Advanced Chipless Rfid written by Nemai Chandra Karmakar and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Introduces advanced high-capacity data encoding and throughput improvement techniques for fully printable multi-bit Chipless RFID tags and reader systems The book proposes new approaches to chipless RFID tag encoding and tag detection that supersede their predecessors in signal processing, tag design, and reader architectures. The text is divided into two main sections: the first section introduces the fundamentals of electromagnetic (EM) imaging at mm-wave band to enhance the content capacity of Chipless RFID systems. The EM Imaging through Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique is used for data extraction. The second section presents a few smart tag detection techniques for existing chipless RFID systems. A Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) based tag detection technique improves the spectral efficiency and increases data bit capacity. The book concludes with a discussion of how the MIMO approach can be combined with the image based technique to introduce a complete solution with a fast imaging approach to chipless RFID systems. The book has the following salient features: Discusses new approaches to chipless RFID tags such as EM imaging, high capacity data encoding, and robust tag detection techniques Presents techniques to enhance data content capacity of tags and reliable tag detection for the readers at unlicensed microwave and mm-wave 2.45, 24 and 60 GHz instrumentation, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency bands Includes case studies of real-world applications
Vector Backscattering And Its Application To Wireless Sensing In Radio Frequency Identification
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Vector Backscattering And Its Application To Wireless Sensing In Radio Frequency Identification written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) with high data capacity, long read range, high security, and multiple tag readings is being widely deployed. Emerging applications include RFID sensing, which is implemented by the integration of sensors and RFID tags. A RFID sensor not only presents the identification of each node, but also provides information such as temperature, humidity, vibration, or timing. It is a candidate for constructing a wireless sensing network for environmental monitoring, vehicle detection, automation, and so on. Existing RFID sensors are bulky, expensive, and less compatible with current standards. In addition, the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) of the tag needs to be customized for integrating different types of sensors. By contrast, the piggyback modulation method, which integrates sensor data into existing commercial passive UHF RFID tag, is presented to provide a solution for RFID sensors featuring compact size, low cost, simplicity, and high compatibility. This technique can be applied to both active and passive sensors. Furthermore, the proposed vector backscattering model of a scattering antenna with a complex impedance load is analyzed and fully described by closed-form model equations. The wireless impedance measurement by vector backscattering is presented; this method is applicable to planar dipole antennas and standard passive UHF RFID tags.
Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals And Applications
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Author : Cristina Turcu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2010-02-01
Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals And Applications written by Cristina Turcu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book, entitled Radio Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications, Bringing Research to Practice, bridges the gap between theory and practice and brings together a variety of research results and practical solutions in the field of RFID. The book is a rich collection of articles written by people from all over the world: teachers, researchers, engineers, and technical people with strong background in the RFID area. Developed as a source of information on RFID technology, the book addresses a wide audience including designers for RFID systems, researchers, students and anyone who would like to learn about this field. At this point I would like to express my thanks to all scientists who were kind enough to contribute to the success of this project by presenting numerous technical studies and research results. However, we couldn’t have published this book without the effort of InTech team. I wish to extend my most sincere gratitude to InTech publishing house for continuing to publish new, interesting and valuable books for all of us.
Multiresonator Based Chipless Rfid
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Author : Stevan Preradovic
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-26
Multiresonator Based Chipless Rfid written by Stevan Preradovic and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This vital new resource offers engineers and researchers a window on important new technology that will supersede the barcode and is destined to change the face of logistics and product data handling. In the last two decades, radio-frequency identification has grown fast, with accelerated take-up of RFID into the mainstream through its adoption by key users such as Wal-Mart, K-Mart and the US Department of Defense. RFID has many potential applications due to its flexibility, capability to operate out of line of sight, and its high data-carrying capacity. Yet despite optimistic projections of a market worth $25 billion by 2018, potential users are concerned about costs and investment returns. Clearly demonstrating the need for a fully printable chipless RFID tag as well as a powerful and efficient reader to assimilate the tag’s data, this book moves on to describe both. Introducing the general concepts in the field including technical data, it then describes how a chipless RFID tag can be made using a planar disc-loaded monopole antenna and an asymmetrical coupled spiral multi-resonator. The tag encodes data via the “spectral signature” technique and is now in its third-generation version with an ultra-wide band (UWB) reader operating at between 5 and 10.7GHz.
The Rf In Rfid
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Author : Daniel Dobkin
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-11-01
The Rf In Rfid written by Daniel Dobkin and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explains how UHF tags and readers communicate wirelessly. It gives an understanding of what limits the read range of a tag, how to increase it (and why that might result in breaking the law), and the practical things that need to be addressed when designing and implementing RFID technology. Avoiding heavy math but giving breadth of coverage with the right amount of detail, it is an ideal introduction to radio communications for engineers who need insight into how tags and readers work. New to this edition: • Examples of near-metal antenna techniques • Discussion of the wakeup challenge for battery-assisted tags, with a BAT architecture example • Latest development of protocols: EPC Gen 1.2.0 • Update 18000-6 discussion with battery-assisted tags, sensor tags, Manchester tags and wakeup provisions Named a 2012 Notable Computer Book for Computer Systems Organization by Computing Reviews The only book to give an understanding of radio communications, the underlying technology for radio frequency identification (RFID) Praised for its readability and clarity, it balances breadth and depth of coverage New edition includes latest developments in chip technology, antennas and protocols