Analysis Of Reaction And Transport Processes In Zinc Air Batteries
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Analysis Of Reaction And Transport Processes In Zinc Air Batteries
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Author : Daniel Schröder
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-22
Analysis Of Reaction And Transport Processes In Zinc Air Batteries written by Daniel Schröder and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book contains a novel combination of experimental and model-based investigations, elucidating the complex processes inside zinc air batteries. The work presented helps to answer which battery composition and which air-composition should be adjusted to maintain stable and efficient charge/discharge cycling. In detail, electrochemical investigations and X-ray transmission tomography are applied on button cell zinc air batteries and in-house set-ups. Moreover, model-based investigations of the battery anode and the impact of relative humidity, active operation, carbon dioxide and oxygen on zinc air battery operation are presented. The techniques used in this work complement each other well and yield an unprecedented understanding of zinc air batteries. The methods applied are adaptable and can potentially be applied to gain further understanding of other metal air batteries.
Zinc Air Batteries
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Author : Zongping Shao
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-01-04
Zinc Air Batteries written by Zongping Shao and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Zinc–Air Batteries Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering foundational knowledge of zinc–air batteries as well as their practical applications Zinc–Air Batteries provides a comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Zn–air batteries, with a systematic overview of components, design, and device innovation, along with recent advances in the field, especially with regards to the cathode catalyst design made by cutting-edge materials, engineering processes, and technologies. In particular, design principles regarding the key components of Zn–air batteries, ranging from air cathode, to zinc anode, and to electrolyte, are emphasized. Furthermore, industrial developments of Zn–air batteries are discussed and emerging new designs of Zn–air batteries are also introduced. The authors argue that designing advanced Zn–air battery technologies is important to the realization of efficient energy storage and conversion—and, going further, eventually holds the key to a sustainable energy future and a carbon-neutral goal. Edited and contributed to by leading professionals and researchers in the field, Zinc–Air Batteries also contains information regarding: Design of oxygen reduction catalysts in primary zinc–air batteries, including precious metals, single-atoms, carbons, and transition metal oxides Design of bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, covering specific oxygen redox reactions and catalyst candidates Design of three-dimensional air cathode in zinc–air batteries, covering loading of carbon-based and transition metal catalysts, plus design of the three-phase interface Design of electrolyte for zinc–air batteries, including liquid electrolytes (e.g., alkaline) and gel polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVA hydrogel) For students, researchers, and instructors working in battery technologies, materials science, and electrochemistry, and for industry and government representatives for decision making associated with energy and transportation, Zinc–Air Batteries summarizes the research results on Zn–air batteries and thereby helps researchers and developers to implement the technology in practice.
Recent Progress Of In Situ Operando Characterization Approaches Of Zinc Air Batteries
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Author : Jian-Feng Xiong
language : en
Publisher: OAE Publishing Inc.
Release Date : 2024-01-01
Recent Progress Of In Situ Operando Characterization Approaches Of Zinc Air Batteries written by Jian-Feng Xiong and has been published by OAE Publishing Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-01 with Science categories.
Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) belong to the category of metal-air batteries, with high theoretical energy density, safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges that need to be solved for the practical application of ZABs, including high overpotential, poor cycle life, and so on. This article first briefly introduced the principle of ZABs, covering the key components, functions of each element, and challenges faced by the system. Subsequently, seven methods for studying ZABs in-situ or operando were introduced, including X-ray computed tomography (XCT), optical microscopy imaging (OMI), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), accompanied by specific research examples. The future perspectives of ZAB characterization have also been discussed.
Electrochemical Energy Storage
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Author : Reinhart Job
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-09-21
Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Reinhart Job and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-21 with Science categories.
Starting from physical and electrochemical foundations, this textbook explains working principles of energy storage devices. After a history of galvanic cells, different types of primary, secondary and flow cells as well as fuel cells and supercapacitors are covered. An emphasis lies on the general setup and mechanisms behind those devices to enable easy understanding for students from all technical and natural science disciplines.
Material Design And Engineering For Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Zinc Air Batteries
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Author : Jing Fu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Material Design And Engineering For Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Zinc Air Batteries written by Jing Fu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electric batteries categories.
Zinc-air batteries, whose advantages include relatively high energy density (1218 Wh kg-1), abundance of zinc in earth's crust, and very safe operational characteristics, are promising for applications in consumer electronics, electrified transportation, grid storage, and other fields. At the moment, primary zinc-air batteries are produced for low-drain electronic gadgets such as hearing aids. However, secondary (i.e., electrically rechargeable) zinc-air batteries have eluded widespread adoption due mainly to the slow reaction kinetics of oxygen evolution at the air electrode during recharge. A bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst that can recharge the batteries more efficiently is required. Moreover, in the presence of aqueous alkaline electrolytes, zinc-air batteries suffer from low durability and performance loss due mainly to the formation of zinc dendrites during charging, the loss of aqueous electrolytes, the detachment of the catalyst layer and the precipitation of carbonates at the air electrode. These persistent issues have motivated a shift in electrolyte design towards efficient hydroxide ion-conductive polymeric electrolytes. A combination of efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts and polymeric electrolyte improvements may enable zinc-air batteries to be implemented in widespread applications in flexible/lightweight electronic devices and electric vehicles. In this work, I present a feasible strategy combining material innovations with engineering methods to develop a new type of zinc-air battery, i.e., a flexible, rechargeable polymer electrolyte membrane zinc-air battery (PEMZAB). In the first study, a proof of concept of a film-shaped, rechargeable PEMZAB was conducted by using a KOH-doped poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel electrolyte, porous zinc electrode and bifunctional air electrode comprising a commercial Co3O4 nanoparticles-loaded carbon cloth. Then, a novel hydroxide ion-conductive polymeric electrolyte membrane and an efficient bifunctional oxygen zinc-air battery performance. Specifically, highly quaternaized cellulose nanofibers were synthesized to produce a hydroxide ion-conductive electrolyte membrane (referred to as QAFC). The QAFC membrane shows advantages of a high ionic conductivity of 21.2 mS cm-1, good chemical stability, mechanical robustness and flexibility, and inhibition of zinc dendrites and carbonations. In addition to the QAFC electrolyte membrane development, a hybrid bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, consisting of cobalt oxysulfide nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene nanomeshes (CoO0.87S0.13/GN), was prepared. The defect chemistries of both oxygen-vacancy-rich cobalt oxysulfides and edge-nitrogen-rich graphene nanomeshes lead to a remarkable improvement in electrocatalytic performance, where CoO0.87S0.13/GN exhibits strongly comparable catalytic activity and much better stability than the best-known benchmark noble metal catalysts. A simple, water-based filtration method for a direct assembly of the QAFC membrane and the CoO0.87S0.13/GN catalyst film was demonstrated with the PEMZAB. Such a fabrication approach enables intimate contact between the solid-solid catalyst-electrolyte interfaces for facile charge transfer. Moreover, benefiting from the performance improvement of the QAFC electrolyte membrane and the CoO0.87S0.13/GN bifunctional catalyst, the resulting battery possesses a higher energy density of 857.9 Wh kg-1 and a more stable cycling performance, over 300 hours of operation at 20 mA cm-2 under ambient conditions, than those of a battery using PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and commercial Co3O4 bifunctional catalysts. In the last study, the knowledge gained from the hybrid CoO0.87S0.13/GN bifunctional catalyst is transferred to the fabrication of a hybrid catalyst/current collector assembly for the bifunctional air electrode. In this assembly, a hair-like array of mesoporous cobalt oxide nanopetals in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes is grown directly on a stainless-steel mesh through chemical vapor deposition and electrodeposition methods. Such integrative design not only ensures a large number of catalytically active sites in a given electrode surface, but also increases the electron transfer between each individual catalyst and the conductive substrate. This advanced air electrode assembly further boosts the PEMZAB performance, with a high peak power density of 160.7 mW cm-2 at 250 mA cm-2 and a remarkable cycling durability: lasting over 600 hours of operation at 25 mA cm-2 under ambient conditions.
Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems And Applications
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Author : Hajime Arai
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-10-29
Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems And Applications written by Hajime Arai and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Metal-air is a promising battery system that uses inexpensive metals for its negative electrode while unlimited, free and non-toxic oxygen is used for its positive electrode, however, only primary systems have been commercialized so far. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications - Metal-Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives offers a comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries as well as the solutions to the issues for overcoming the related difficulties of the secondary (rechargeable) system. Although metal-air batteries are widely studied as low-cost high-energy systems, their commercialization is limited to primary ones due to currently limited cycle life and insufficient reliability. For realization of the secondary systems, this book offers comprehensive understanding of metal-air batteries, including the details of both electrodes, electrolyte, cell/system, modelling and applications. Electrochemical Power Sources: Fundamentals, Systems, and Applications - Metal-Air Batteries: Present and Perspectives provides researchers, instructors, and students in electrochemistry, material science and environmental science; industry workers in cell manufacturing; and government officials in energy, environmental, power supply, and transportation with a valuable resource covering the most important topics of metal-air batteries and their uses. Outlines the general characteristics of metal-air compared with conventional batteries Offers a comprehensive understanding of various metal-air, featuring zinc, and lithium Contains comparisons and issues among various metal-air batteries and research efforts to solve them Includes applications and market prospects
Non Precious Cathode Electrocatalytic Materials For Zinc Air Battery
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Author : Baejung Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Non Precious Cathode Electrocatalytic Materials For Zinc Air Battery written by Baejung Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
In the past decade, rechargeable batteries attracted the attention from the researchers in search for renewable and sustainable energy sources. Up to date, lithium-ion battery is the most commercialized and has been supplying power to electronic devices and hybrid and electric vehicles. Lithium-ion battery, however, does not satisfy the expectations of ever-increasing energy and power density, which of their limits owes to its intercalation chemistry and the safety.1-2 Therefore, metal-air battery drew much attention as an alternative for its high energy density and a simple cell configuration.1 There are several different types of metal-air batteries that convey different viable reaction mechanisms depending on the anode metals; such as Li, Al, Ca, Cd, and Zn. Redox reactions take place in a metal-air cell regardless of the anode metal; oxidation reaction at the anode and reduction reaction at the air electrode. Between the two reaction, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the air electrode is the relatively the limiting factor within the overall cell reactions. The sluggish ORR kinetics greatly affects the performance of the battery system in terms of power output, efficiency, and durability. Therefore, researchers have put tremendous efforts in developing highly efficient metal air batteries and fuel cells, especially for high capacity applications such as electric vehicles. Currently, the catalyst with platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon material (Pt-C) is considered to exhibit the best ORR activities. Despite of the admirable electrocatalytic performance, Pt-C suffers from its lack of practicality in commercialization due to their prohibitively high cost and scarcity as of being a precious metal. Thus, there is increasing demand for replacing Pt with more abundant metals due economic feasibility and sustainability of this noble metal.3-5 Two different attitudes are taken for solution. The first approach is by optimizing the platinum loading in the formulation, or the alternatively the platinum can be replaced with non-precious materials. The purpose of this work is to discover and synthesize alternative catalysts for metal-air battery applications through optimized method without addition of precious metals. Different non-precious metals are investigated as the replacement of the precious metal including transition metal alloys, transition metal or mixed metal oxides, and chalcogenides. These types of metals, alone, still exhibits unsatisfying, yet worse, kinetics in comparison to the precious metals. Nitrogen-doped carbon material is a recently well studied carbon based material that exhibits great potential towards the cathodic reaction.6 Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are found to exhibit higher catalytic activity compared to the mentioned types of metals for its improved conductivity. Benefits of the carbon based materials are in its abundance and minimal environmental footprints. However, the degradation of these materials has demonstrated loss of catalytic activity through destruction of active sites containing the transition metal centre, ultimately causing infeasible stability. To compensate for these drawbacks and other limits of the nitrogen-doped carbon based catalysts, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) are also investigated in the series of study. The first investigation focuses on a development of a simple method to thermally synthesize a non-precious metal based nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) electrocatalyst using exfoliated graphene (Ex-G) and urea with varying amounts of iron (Fe) precursor. The morphology and structural features of the synthesized electrocatalyst (Fe-NG) were characterized by SEM and TEM, revealing the existence of graphitic nanoshells that potentially contribute to the ORR activity by providing a higher degree of edge plane exposure. The surface elemental composition of the catalyst was analyzed through XPS, which showed high content of a total N species (~8 at.%) indicative of the effective N-doping, present mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen groups. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of the catalyst was evaluated by rotating disk electrode voltammetry in alkaline electrolyte and in a zinc-air battery cell. Fe-NG demonstrated high onset and half-wave potentials of -0.023 V (vs. SCE) and -0.110 V (vs. SCE), respectively. This excellent ORR activity is translated into practical zinc-air battery performance capabilities approaching that of commercial platinum based catalyst. Another approach was made in the carbon materials to further improve the cost of the electrode. Popular carbon allotropes, CNT and graphene, are combined as a composite (GC) and heteroatoms, nitrogen and sulfur, are introduced in order to improve the charge distribution of the graphitic network. Dopants were doped through two step processes; nitrogen dopant was introduced into the graphitic framework followed by the sulfur dopant. The coexistence of the two heteroatoms as dopants demonstrated outstanding ORR performance to those of reported as metal free catalysts. Furthermore, effects of temperature were investigated through comparing ORR performances of the catalysts synthesized in two different temperatures (500 ??? and 900 ???) during the N-doping process (consistent temperature was used for S-doping). Through XPS analysis of the surface chemistry of catalysts produced with high temperature during the N-doping step showed absence of N-species after the subsequent S-doping process (GC-NHS). Thus, the synergetic effects of the two heteroatoms were not revealed during the half-cell testing. Meanwhile, the two heteroatoms were verified in the catalyst synthesized though using low temperature during the N-doping process followed by the S-doping step (GC-NLS). Consequently, ORR activity of the resulting material demonstrated promising onset and half-wave potentials of -0.117 V (vs. SCE) and -0.193 V (vs. SCE). In combination of these investigations, this document introduces thorough study of novel materials and their performance in its application as ORR catalyst in metal air batteries. Moreover, this report provides detailed fundamental insights of carbon allotropes, and their properties as potential elecrocatalysts and essential concepts in electrochemistry that lies behind zinc-air batteries. The outstanding performances of carbon based electrocatalyst are reviewed and used as the guides for further direction in the development of metal-air batteries as a promising sustainable energy resource in the future.
Metal Air Batteries
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Author : Xin-bo Zhang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-02-11
Metal Air Batteries written by Xin-bo Zhang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A comprehensive overview of the research developments in the burgeoning field of metal-air batteries An innovation in battery science and technology is necessary to build better power sources for our modern lifestyle needs. One of the main fields being explored for the possible breakthrough is the development of metal-air batteries. Metal-Air Batteries: Fundamentals and Applications offers a systematic summary of the fundamentals of the technology and explores the most recent advances in the applications of metal-air batteries. Comprehensive in scope, the text explains the basics in electrochemical batteries and introduces various species of metal-air batteries. The author-a noted expert in the field-explores the development of metal-air batteries in the order of Li-air battery, sodium-air battery, zinc-air battery and Mg-O2 battery, with the focus on the Li-air battery. The text also addresses topics such as metallic anode, discharge products, parasitic reactions, electrocatalysts, mediator, and X-ray diffraction study in Li-air battery. Metal-Air Batteries provides a summary of future perspectives in the field of the metal-air batteries. This important resource: -Covers various species of metal-air batteries and their components as well as system designation -Contains groundbreaking content that reviews recent advances in the field of metal-air batteries -Focuses on the battery systems which have the greatest potential for renewable energy storage Written for electrochemists, physical chemists, materials scientists, professionals in the electrotechnical industry, engineers in power technology, Metal-Air Batteries offers a review of the fundamentals and the most recent developments in the area of metal-air batteries.
Zinc Batteries
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Author : Rajender Boddula
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-05-05
Zinc Batteries written by Rajender Boddula and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Battery technology is constantly changing, and the concepts and applications of these changes are rapidly becoming increasingly more important as more and more industries and individuals continue to make “greener” choices in their energy sources. As global dependence on fossil fuels slowly wanes, there is a heavier and heavier importance placed on cleaner power sources and methods for storing and transporting that power. Battery technology is a huge part of this global energy revolution. Zinc batteries are an advantageous choice over lithium-based batteries, which have dominated the market for years in multiple areas, most specifically in electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices. Zinc is the fourth most abundant metal in the world, which is influential in its lower cost, making it a very attractive material for use in batteries. Zinc-based batteries have been around since the 1930s, but only now are they taking center stage in the energy, automotive, and other industries. Zinc Batteries: Basics, Developments, and Applicationsis intended as a discussion of the different zinc batteries for energy storage applications. It also provides an in-depth description of various energy storage materials for Zinc (Zn) batteries. This book is an invaluable reference guide for electrochemists, chemical engineers, students, faculty, and R&D professionals in energy storage science, material science, and renewable energy.
Investigation Of The Transport And Reaction Processes Occurring Within Silver Oxide Zinc Batteries
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Author : Thedford Preston Dirkse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Investigation Of The Transport And Reaction Processes Occurring Within Silver Oxide Zinc Batteries written by Thedford Preston Dirkse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Additives categories.
The decomposition of Ag2O dissolved in KOH solutions was studied; effects of temperature, light, KOH concentration, Ag2O concentration, and additives on this decomposition were measured. At least two mechanisms are involved but the precise nature of these mechanisms is still unknown. Overvoltages for anodic and cathodic zinc electrode processes were measured by different methods. The presence of additives in the electrolyte had little effect on these overvoltages but overvoltages were markedly affected by KOH concentration and temperature. Amalgamation improved performance of the Zn electrode but this effect decreased with decreasing temperature. Ag contamination adversely affected cathodic Zn electrode processes. It appears that the beneficial effects of additives to the electrolyte are related to the presence of carboxyl groups and that the beneficial effects of additives to the Zn electrode are related to their wetting ability. (Author).