Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture
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Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture
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Author : Mary Deland Pohl
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-08-27
Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture written by Mary Deland Pohl and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-27 with Social Science categories.
Changes in the orientation of archaeological research in the post-World War n period affected Maya studies. The cultural ecological perspective, which was rising to prominence, put an old debate in bold relief: How had this prehistoric civilization adapted to the tropical forest environment? How could swidden cultivation have sustained the unexpectedly high population densities that settlement pattern studies appeared to be revealing? Had the ancient Maya practiced some from of intensive agriculture? Archaeologist Dennis E. Puleston went to the Maya Lowlands to investigate geographer Alfred H. Siemens's reports of possible intensive agriculture ("ridged fields") seen from the air and to study prehistoric Maya cultivation and civilization from a cultural ecological perspective. This volume presents the results of the Rio Hondo Project field research on Albion Island in northern Belize from 1973 to 1980 with the addition of selected results from Pohl's continuing work in northern Belize.
Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture
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Author : Taylor & Francis Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-28
Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture written by Taylor & Francis Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-28 with categories.
Pulltrouser Swamp
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Author : B. L. Turner
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2014-09-10
Pulltrouser Swamp written by B. L. Turner and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-10 with Social Science categories.
Among Mesoamericanists, the agricultural basis of the ancient Maya civilization of the Yucatan Peninsula has been an important topic of research—and controversy. Interest in the agricultural system of the Maya greatly increased as new discoveries showed that the lowland Maya were not limited to slash-and-burn technology, as had been previously believed, but used a variety of more sophisticated agricultural techniques and practices, including terracing, raised fields, and, perhaps, irrigation. Because of the nature of the data and because this form of agricultural technology had been key to explanations of state formation elsewhere in Mesoamerica, raised-field agriculture became a particular focus of investigation. Pulltrouser Swamp conclusively demonstrates the existence of hydraulic, raised-field agriculture in the Maya lowlands between 150 B.C. and A.D. 850. It presents the findings of the University of Oklahoma's Pulltrouser SwampProject, an NSF-supported interdisciplinary study that combined the talents of archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, paleobotanists, biologists, and zoologists to investigate the remains of the Maya agricultural system in the swampy region of northern Belize. By examining soils, fossil pollen and other plant remains, gastropods, relic settlements, ceramics, lithics, and other important evidence, the Pulltrouser Swamp team has clearly demonstrated that the features under investigation are relics of Maya-made raised and channelized fields and associated canals. Other data suggest the nature of the swamps in which the fields were constructed, the tools used for construction and cultivation, the possible crops cultivated, and at least one type of settlement near the fields, with its chronology. This verification of raised fields provides dramatic evidence of a large and probably organized workforce engaged in sophisticated and complex agricultural technology. As record of this evidence, Pulltrouser Swamp is a work of seminal importance for all students and scholars of New World prehistory.
Ancient Maya Life In The Far West Bajo
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Author : Julie L. Kunen
language : en
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Release Date : 2004
Ancient Maya Life In The Far West Bajo written by Julie L. Kunen and has been published by University of Arizona Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Social Science categories.
Human activity during centuries of occupation significantly altered the landscape inhabited by the ancient Maya of northwestern Belize. In response, the Maya developed new techniques to harvest the natural resources of their surroundings, investing increased labor and raw materials into maintaining and even improving their ways of life. In this lively story of life in the wetlands on the outskirts of the major site of La Milpa, Julie Kunen documents a hitherto unrecognized form of intensive agriculture in the Maya lowlandsÑone that relied on the construction of terraces and berms to trap soil and moisture around the margins of low-lying depressions called bajos. She traces the intertwined histories of residential settlements on nearby hills and ridges and agricultural terraces and other farming-related features around the margins of the bajo as they developed from the Late Preclassic perios (400 BC-AD 250) until the area's abandonment in the Terminal Classic period (about AD 850). Kunen examines the organization of three bajo communities with respect to the use and management of resources critical to agricultural production. She argues that differences in access to spatially variable natural resources resulted in highly patterned settlement remains and that community founders and their descendents who had acquired the best quality and most diverse set of resources maintained an elevated status in the society. The thorough integration of three lines of evidenceÑthe settlement system, the agricultural system, and the ancient environmentÑbreaks new ground in landscape research and in the study of Maya non-elite domestic organization. Kunen reports on the history of settlement and farming in a small corner of the Maya world but demonstrates that for any study of human-environment interactions, landscape history consists equally of ecological and cultural strands of influence.
Incipient Maya Wetland Agriculture
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Author : Richard D. Hansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Incipient Maya Wetland Agriculture written by Richard D. Hansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Mayas categories.
The Managed Mosaic
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Author : Scott L. Fedick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Managed Mosaic written by Scott L. Fedick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
This collection draws on the most up-to-date investigations of Maya practices to show that the lowland Maya utilized a highly flexible regional and local approach in their management of agricultural, mineral, game, and water resources.
Ancient Maya Settlement Of The Yalahau Region
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Author : Bethany Morrison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Ancient Maya Settlement Of The Yalahau Region written by Bethany Morrison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Mayas categories.
The Maya Forest Garden
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Author : Anabel Ford
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07
The Maya Forest Garden written by Anabel Ford and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07 with History categories.
Using studies on contemporary Maya farming techniques and important new archaeological research, the authors show that the ancient Maya were able to support, sustainably, a vast population by farming the forest—thus refuting the common notion that Maya civilization devolved due to overpopulation and famine.
Rain Harvesting In The Rainforest
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Author : Helga Geovannini Acuña
language : en
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
Release Date : 2008
Rain Harvesting In The Rainforest written by Helga Geovannini Acuña and has been published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
The main subject discussed in this study is the way in which the ancient Maya of Calakmul (modern Mexico), who thrived between 900 B.C. to A.D. 1000, managed their landscape in order to survive in the tropical rainforest. Their lithic technology, the hot, humid climate with a prolonged dry season, the lack of permanent surface sources of fresh water, and thin soils, considered insufficient for sustained agricultural production, are factors that were addressed successfully by the Maya in developing their complex civilization. The author's research begins with landscape, archaeological, and edaphological analyses, after which she explores the areas most advantageous to permanent habitation, suitable agricultural zones, land potential of the region and the capability of the area for supporting population. In addition, a complex agricultural channel irrigation system is explored as a critical factor for managing productive terrain for agriculture in karstic depressions (bajos). Similarly, an impressive rain harvesting system is exposed as an option to optimize hydrological resources for canalizing excessive rain during the wet season and storing water during the dry period. Finally, a reconstruction of the agricultural landscape is proposed.
Ancient Maya Cultivation In A Dynamic Wetland Environment
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Author : Jennifer Andrea Chmilar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Ancient Maya Cultivation In A Dynamic Wetland Environment written by Jennifer Andrea Chmilar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Leys categories.
Cultivation has taken many forms throughout the Maya lowlands. In the Yalahau region of the northern Maya lowlands, a series of wetlands produce a dynamic environment of wet, dry, and intermediate areas depending on fluctuations of the annual hydrologic cycle. Within these wetlands, anthropogenic rock alignments suggest human use and manipulation of the environment dating to the late Preclassic period. The dissertation is based on research at a single wetland at El Edén Ecological Reserve, Quintana Roo and concerns the function of the rock alignments as well as their duration of use to the ancient Maya. In terms of function, hypotheses are that they modified soil and water movement within a system of cultivation, and/ or acted as boundary markers, and/ or provided bases for fish weirs. As for when the rock alignments were used, hypotheses follow that they were used for a single hydroperiod, that the same features were built as the hydroperiod changed, or that new functions emerged as the water table shifted. Data was collected through topographic mapping of four areas of the wetland containing a total of twelve rock alignments, high-resolution GPS of these mapped areas, recording of water table fluctuations for a period of two years, and analysis of a sediment core documenting pollen extending back nearly 2500 years. The computer program arcGIS was used to create a series of topographic maps, both with and without the rock alignments, that demonstrate the influence of the rock alignments on the movement of water on the landscape. The rock alignments impacted water movement on a small scale. Within El Edén wetland, the ancient Maya constructed lines of rock to cause water to pool in localized depressions, either by dividing existing basins or surrounding them to direct water back inward, where it was maintained into the dry season so that valuable plants were encouraged to thrive for a longer period of time. Sinuous lines of rock were constructed to provide the base for a fish weir. Rock alignments were built at various points along the topography to take advantage of varying annual hydroperiods.
