Angiotensin And Blood Pressure Regulation
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Angiotensin And Blood Pressure Regulation
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Author : Joseph Harding
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Angiotensin And Blood Pressure Regulation written by Joseph Harding and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Medical categories.
Angiotensin and Blood Pressure Regulation examines the role of angiotensin in blood pressure regulation, with emphasis on its ability to influence the inotropic state directly via activation of myocardial receptors and indirectly by potentiating the release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve terminals. The book also explains how angiotensin acts directly to regulate thirst and sodium appetite, and via antidiuretic hormone to control water reabsorption in the kidney. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a review of the neuronal actions of angiotensin, primarily those in the brain, as well as the location and function of brain angiotensin II receptors. The effects of angiotensin on elements of the vascular wall and myocardium are also discussed, along with its function in hypovolemia, reproduction, and neurotransmission. Subsequent chapters explore some basic and functional considerations of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain; the biochemical processing that is required for angiotensin activation and inactivation; how angiotensin affects peripheral resistance; and the potency of angiotensin III as a pressor and dipsogenic agent in normotensive and hypertensive animal models. This monograph will be a useful resource for pharmacologists and physiologists.
Kidney And Blood Pressure Regulation
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Author : Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.)
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Kidney And Blood Pressure Regulation written by Hiromichi Suzuki (M.D.) and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
Chronic kidney disease is one of the world's major public health problems, and the prevalence of kidney failure is rising steadily. Among the risk factors for a faster progression of renal disease are hypertension and proteinuria, many studies clearly demonstrating that hypertension is both a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease. Namely, renal blood pressure regulation seems to be involved in five major pathophysiological mechanisms (all closely related to the renin-angiotensin system): Pressure-natriuresis, renal sympathetic nervous system, renal blood flow, intraglomerular pressure and tubuloglomerular feedback. This book reviews experimental data which form the basis of our current understanding of the association between hypertension and kidney diseases: The pathogenesis of increased blood pressure, the mechanisms by which systemic hypertension promotes progressive kidney failure, and the impact of antihypertensive agents on experimental renal mechanisms involved in hypertension. Furthermore, the role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in both the control of systemic blood pressure and the reduction of proteinuria is examined in an attempt to define optimal therapeutic strategies to prevent the otherwise inexorable deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Angiotensin And Blood Pressure Regulation
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Author : Joseph W. Harding
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Angiotensin And Blood Pressure Regulation written by Joseph W. Harding and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Medical categories.
Angiotensin and Blood Pressure Regulation...
Angiotensin Ii And Arterial Pressure Regulation In Hypertension
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Author : Corinn Marie Pawloski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Angiotensin Ii And Arterial Pressure Regulation In Hypertension written by Corinn Marie Pawloski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Angiotensins categories.
Angiotensin Protocols
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Author : Donna H. Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-01
Angiotensin Protocols written by Donna H. Wang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-01 with Medical categories.
A qualitative leap in the understanding of cardiovascular and n- ral regulation by the renin–angiotensin system, and of the role of this s- tem in tissue damage, has occurred as a result of the many recent advances in molecular genetic techniques. The cloning of the genes for the components of the renin–angiotensin system, the design of specific angiotensin receptor ligands, and the use of embryonic gene targeting te- niques for the creation of mutant strains have established that the renin– angiotensin system is important in blood pressure regulation, ion and fluid homeostasis, and tissue growth and remodeling Further investigation of the mechanisms by which this system p- ticipates in cardiovascular regulation may shed some light on the pat- genesis of several cardiovascular diseases, e. g. , hypertension, congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Despite the promise of this system as a target for therapeutic interventions for these diseases, there are great challenges in the integration of the attempts to close the gap between the traditional literature of medicine and the explosion of information from the new technologies. This book’s title, Angiotensin Protocols, reflects the authors’ strong efforts to translate expert knowledge into easy-to-follow practice. The book opens with introductory chapters, and each specialty section provides detailed methods covering a wide variety of techniques, ranging from genetic manipulation of targeted genes to functional studies of the renin– angiotensin system.
Blood Pressure Regulation And Control
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Blood Pressure Regulation And Control written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Blood pressure categories.
Disorders Of Blood Pressure Regulation
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Author : Adel E. Berbari
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-25
Disorders Of Blood Pressure Regulation written by Adel E. Berbari and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-25 with Medical categories.
This book aims to present a comprehensive classification of hypertensive phenotypes based on underlying target organ involvement. Particular emphasis is placed on review and assessment of clinical presentation, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and possible specific therapeutic options for each hypertension phenotype. Several of these phenotypes are well known and well described in the literature, such as prehypertension, white coat and masked hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, renovascular hypertension, endocrine hypertension, pediatric hypertension, and gestational hypertension. Other hypertension phenotypes, however, are not widely recognized, being reported only in special reviews; examples include hypertension associated with renal calculus disease and other rarer causes such as Turner syndrome, herbal and medicinal compounds, and pharmacologic agents. A detailed account of the various causes of monogenic hypertension is also included. Finally, a section is devoted to general aspects of hypertension, including the significance of blood pressure indices, the natural course of untreated and treated hypertension, hypertension mechanisms, genetics, and guidelines for blood pressure control.
Blood Pressure Control
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Author : T.G. Coleman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Blood Pressure Control written by T.G. Coleman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
The way in which blood pressure is controlled is not well understood. I offer as evidence the spirited debates among scientists that have occurred in the past and that will probably continue for some time to come. Consider also that hypertension is a disease of significant morbidity and mortality, yet in the majority of instances the cause of the pressure elevation is unknown. And further, the wide variety of antihypertensive drugs currently used, often without a full understanding of the mechanisms involved, suggests that we often know as little about what decreases blood pressure with antihypertensive therapy as we know about what increases pressure in the first place. This ignorance has fostered and probably justified extensive inquiries into outstanding problems of blood pressure control. The pace has quickened in the last one or two decades, and published reports germaine to the subject appear to be accumulating at an exponential rate. Hence, speaking for myself, the reviewer is faced with too little understanding and too much information.
Role Of Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor In Blood Pressure Regulation In Obese Rats
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Author : Quaisar Ali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Role Of Angiotensin Ii Type 2 Receptor In Blood Pressure Regulation In Obese Rats written by Quaisar Ali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Pharmacology categories.
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) consists of enzymes, hormones, proteins and peptides. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important peptide of RAS. Ang II acts via AT1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2 receptor (AT2R). While AT1R is known to cause antinatriuresis and increase in blood pressure, the role of AT2R in renal function and long-term BP regulation is not well defined. Recently our laboratory showed that AT2R are upregulated in the kidney of obese rats and selective activation of these receptors stimulates nitric oxide/cGMP pathway, inhibits proximal tubules Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and increases urinary sodium excretion. In light of those findings, we undertook this project to investigate the role of AT2R in renal function, long-term blood pressure control and interaction with renal AT1R function in obese Zucker rats, an animal model exhibiting hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Also, we studied the mechanism associated with hyperglycemia induced AT2R upregulation in proximal tubule cells. First, we designed experiment to determine whether AT2R has a protective role in blood pressure increase in obese rats. We treated obese Zucker rats with AT2R antagonist PD123319 (PD) for two weeks and BP was measured. Treatment with PD significantly increased the blood pressure, which was associated with increased renal renin expression in obese rats. This suggested that AT2R protect against increase in blood pressure by keeping renal renin expression low. Then, we designed experiments to determine whether chronic AT2R activation affects Na-balance and lowers BP in obese rats. We treated lean and obese Zucker rats with AT2R agonist CGP42112A (CGP) for two weeks. Two weeks treatment caused a decrease in BP by 19 mmHg and in Na-balance in obese but not in lean rats. The plasma renin activity was significantly decreased in both lean and obese CGP-treated rats. The expression of AT2R, AT1R, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and renin in the kidney cortex was not affected by the CGP-treatment of obese or lean rats. However, ACE2 expression and activity was significantly increased in CGP-treated obese rats and not in lean rats. These studies suggest that long-term activation of AT2R decreases BP in obese rats. The reduction in BP by AT2R agonist treatment may have been contributed by a decrease in Na-balance and an enhanced expression and activity of ACE2 in renal cortex. In order to determine whether the reduction in BP and decrease in Na-balance might have been contributed by the ability of AT2R to antagonize renal AT1R function in CGP-treated obese rats, we again treated the obese Zucker rats with CGP for two weeks. We performed the renal function study after two weeks under anesthesia. We found that CGP-treatment of obese rats caused reduction in Ang II pressor response and blunted the candesartan-induced natriuresis/diuresis in these rats suggesting that chronic activation of AT2R antagonizes the function of AT1R. Earlier studies from our laboratory suggest that AT2R promote Na-excretion but the contribution of different nephron segments in AT2R-induced natriuresis is not known. We investigated the involvement of proximal tubule AT2R in natriuresis by blocking the two important distal tubule Na-transporters (NaCl cotransporter and ENaC). We found that selective activation of AT2R with a novel AT2R agonist C21 promoted natriuresis predominantly via proximal tubules. We also performed in vitro experiments (HK2 cells) to elucidate the potential signaling mechanism involved in the proximal tubule AT2R upregulation in diabetes/hyperglycemia. In this experiment, we exposed HK2 cells with high glucose with and without IRF-1 siRNA. High glucose increased AT2R expression in HK2 cells and is mediated via transcriptional mechanism involving the transcription factor IRF-1. Collectively, the data suggest that long-term treatment with AT2R agonist attenuates positive Na-balance, lowers renal renin expression, antagonizes the function of AT1R and decreases blood pressure in obese Zucker rats. Moreover AT2R upregulation in response to hyperglycemia may be compensatory mechanism to exert a beneficial role in kidney function. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of AT2R for treating obesity/diabetes related hypertension.
The Local Cardiac Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
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Author : Edward D. Frohlich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-18
The Local Cardiac Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System written by Edward D. Frohlich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-18 with Medical categories.
Until recently, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been considered a systemic endocrine hormonal system exclusively. It is now known that each component of the renin-angiotensin system is produced, synthesized and indeed, present in many organisms including the heart and vessels. This volume presents the most recent clinical and laboratory experiences of the leading physicians and investigators in the field of the local cardiac renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. Cardiovascular, renal and hypertension oriented physicians, investigators and scientists would find this book of interest. Edward D. Frohlich, M.D., M.A.C.P, F.A.C.C., is the Alton Ochsner Distinguished Scientist at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also Professor of Medicine and of Physiology at Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, and Clinical Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans. He is past Editor-in-Chief of the American Heart Association journal HYPERTENSION. Richard N. Re, M.D., is the Section Head, Hypertension at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also Ochsner's Scientific Director of Research.