Angiotensin Research Progress
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Angiotensin Research Progress
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Author : Hina Miura
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2008
Angiotensin Research Progress written by Hina Miura and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
Angiotensin is an oligopeptide in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. It is a hormone and a powerful dipsogen. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver. It plays an important role in the renin-angiotensin system. This book presents the latest research advances in the field.
The Renin Angiotensin System Current Research Progress In The Pancreas
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Author : Po Sing Leung
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-08-12
The Renin Angiotensin System Current Research Progress In The Pancreas written by Po Sing Leung and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-12 with Medical categories.
Highlighting the role local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) play in pancreatic disease, this review presents the latest research advances in the field. These findings suggest both preventative measures and treatment for pancreatic disease.
Frontiers In Research Of The Renin Angiotensin System On Human Disease
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Author : Po Sing Leung
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-16
Frontiers In Research Of The Renin Angiotensin System On Human Disease written by Po Sing Leung and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-16 with Medical categories.
The primary aim of this book is to provide a topical and timely forum for the critical appraisal of an area of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) research that is expanding rapidly. In this respect, a collection of thirteen chapters from distinguished and world-class experts in the field has been presented on the contemporary research of the RAS and their implications in human disease. This book is an indispensable tool tailor-made for specialists, non-specialists and the novice.
Angiotensin Vol I
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Author : Thomas Unger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Angiotensin Vol I written by Thomas Unger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Nearly thirty years ago, in 1974, the volume on Angiotensin edited by Irvine H.Page and F. Merlin Bumpus expanded the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Even after two decades the multiplicity of its actions appears not to have been fully discovered. To call attention to its many functions is one of the purposes of this book. This new edition of the volume on Angiotensin attempts to provide an updated account of the knowledge and findings accumulated since the complexity of angiotensin was so accurately recognized.
Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Almost 75 million American adults have hypertension. Advances in antihypertensive therapy have dramatically reduced cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal events. Among the effective pharmacotherapies are inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). In 2007, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) sponsored a comparative effectiveness review (CER) of the two most common renin system inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), to answer the following three Key Questions for adults with essential hypertension: do ACEIs and ARBs differ in their (1) blood pressure control, cardiovascular events, quality of life, and other outcomes; (2) safety, tolerability, persistence with therapy, or treatment adherence; and (3) effects within important subgroups of patients? This 2007 CER was updated in 2011 to incorporate the significant additional direct comparison research published in the interval and to include direct renin inhibitors (DRIs), which are the newest class of RAS inhibitors. The results of the updated CER included 97 studies (36 new since 2007) directly comparing ACEIs versus ARBs and 3 studies directly comparing DRIs to ACEIs or ARBs. The strength of evidence remained high for equivalence between ACEIs and ARBs for blood pressure lowering, and for superiority of ARBs over ACEIs for short-term adverse events (primarily cough). The new evidence did not strengthen the conclusions regarding long-term cardiovascular outcomes, quality of life, progression of renal disease, medication adherence or persistence, rates of angioedema, or differences in key patient subgroups; the strength of evidence for these outcomes remained low to moderate. Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of DRIs versus either ACEIs or ARBs was limited to 3 studies with 2,049 patients and did not allow definitive conclusions on any of the included outcomes. Few studies involved a representative patient sample treated in a typical clinical setting over a long duration; treatment protocols had marked heterogeneity; and significant amounts of data about important outcomes and patient subgroups were missing. Given the clinical and economic importance of these medications, the ongoing investment in research, and the remaining areas of uncertainty, we sought to create a prioritized research agenda representing the interests of diverse stakeholders in order to address the remaining areas of uncertainty.
Annual Research Progress Report Us Army Institute Of Surgical Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Annual Research Progress Report Us Army Institute Of Surgical Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Acute renal failure categories.
Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension
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Author : U. S. Department Human Services
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2013-05-14
Future Research Needs For Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs Or Direct Renin Inhibitors Dris For Treating Hypertension written by U. S. Department Human Services and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-14 with categories.
Hypertension is the most common reason older adults visit the doctor and advances in antihypertensive therapy have dramatically reduced the associated cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal events. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are the most frequently used medications for blood pressure control and are highly efficacious for reducing hypertension-related outcomes. In 2007, a comparative effectiveness review (CER) sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evaluated the long-term benefits and harms of the two most common classes of RAS inhibitors for treating essential hypertension in adults: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers/antagonists (ARBs). This 2007 CER was updated in 2011 to incorporate the significant additional direct comparison research published in the interval, and to include the direct renin inhibitors (DRIs), which are the newest class of RAS inhibitors. The 2011 CER addressed the three following Key Questions: KQ 1. For adult patients with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs, ARBs, and DRIs differ in blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk reduction, cardiovascular events, quality of life, and other outcomes? KQ 2. For adult patients with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs, ARBs, and DRIs differ in safety, adverse events, tolerability, persistence with drug therapy, and treatment adherence? KQ 3. Are there subgroups of patients-based on demographic and other characteristics (i.e., age, race, ethnicity, sex, comorbidities, concurrent use of other medications)-for whom ACEIs, ARBs, or DRIs are more effective, are associated with fewer adverse events, or are better tolerated? The results of the CER included 97 studies (36 new since 2007) directly comparing ACEIs versus ARBs and 3 studies directly comparing DRIs to ACEIs or ARBs. The strength of evidence remained high for equivalence between ACEIs and ARBs for blood pressure lowering, and for superiority of ARBs over ACEIs for short-term adverse events (primarily cough). The new evidence did not strengthen the conclusions regarding long-term cardiovascular outcomes, quality of life, progression of renal disease, medication adherence or persistence, rates of angioedema, or differences in key patient subgroups; the strength of evidence for these outcomes remained low to moderate. Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of DRIs versus either ACEIs or ARBs was limited to 3 studies with 2,049 patients and did not allow definitive conclusions on any of the included outcomes. Few studies involved a representative patient sample treated in a typical clinical setting over a long duration; treatment protocols had marked heterogeneity; and significant amounts of data about important outcomes and patient subgroups were missing. Our approach to identifying evidence gaps, prioritizing future research, and developing recommendations for stakeholders is outlined in the following steps. Further detail is provided below. 1. Develop an analytic framework from the original CER in order to understand the clinical and policy context of the review and its initial list of future research needs. 2. Create an initial list of evidence gaps based on the CER organized according to the population, interventions, comparators, and outcomes (PICO) framework. 3. Form a stakeholder group representing appropriate clinician, policymakers, and patient perspectives. 4. Expand the list of evidence gaps based on stakeholder input. 5. Perform an updated review of published literature since the last CER (search last updated in December 2010) and a horizon scan for recently published and ongoing studies that may address the evidence gaps, but which are not included in the current CER. 6. Solicit stakeholder prioritization of the identified research gaps based on the updated literature review. 7. Determine the most appropriate study designs for the highest priority research areas.
Protein Research Progress
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Author : Alan B. Boscoe
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2008
Protein Research Progress written by Alan B. Boscoe and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Proteins categories.
Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by a gene and encoded in the genetic code. Although this genetic code specifies 20 'standard' amino acids, the residues in a protein are often chemically altered in post-translational modification: either before the protein can function in the cell, or as part of control mechanisms. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable complexes. Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyse biochemical reactions, and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle, and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which forms a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signalling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Protein is also a necessary part of animals' diets, since they cannot synthesise all the amino acids and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that can be used for protein synthesis. This new book presents the latest research in the field.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs And Direct Renin Inhibitors For Treating Essential Hypertension
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Author : U. S. Department Human Services
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2013-04-06
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Aceis Angiotensin Ii Receptor Antagonists Arbs And Direct Renin Inhibitors For Treating Essential Hypertension written by U. S. Department Human Services and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-06 with categories.
Almost 75 million American adults-approximately one-third-have hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension increases with advancing age such that more than half of people 55 to 74 years old and approximately three-fourths of those age 75 years and older are affected. In addition to being the primary attributable risk factor for death throughout the world, hypertension results in substantial morbidity because of its impact on numerous target organs, including the brain, eyes, heart, arteries, and kidneys. Despite the high rates of morbidity and mortality attributable to hypertension, control of the condition remains suboptimal. In addition to several effective nonpharmacological interventions-including diet, exercise, and control of body weight-many people require antihypertensive medication to lower blood pressure. Among the many choices in antihypertensive therapy, some of the most common are those aimed at affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (renin) system. The renin system is an important mediator of blood volume, arterial pressure, and cardiac and vascular function. Components of this system can be identified in many tissues, but the primary site of renin release is the kidney. The renin system can be triggered by sympathetic stimulation, renal artery hypotension, and decreased sodium delivery to the distal tubule. Through proteolytic cleavage, renin acts on the oligopeptide substrate angiotensinogen to produce the decapeptide angiotensin I. In turn, two terminal peptide residues of angiotensin I are removed by the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) to form the octapeptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II acts directly on the resistance vessels to: increase systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure; stimulate the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which leads to increased sodium and water reabsorption and potassium excretion; promote secretion of antidiuretic hormone, which leads to fluid retention; stimulate thirst; promote adrenergic function; and increase cardiac and vascular hypertrophy. Therapies aimed at modifying the renin system have been used extensively for treatment of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and renal disease. Currently, three classes of drugs that interact with this system are used to inhibit the effects of angiotensin II: the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), the angiotensin II receptor blockers/antagonists (ARBs), and the direct renin inhibitors. ACEIs block the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II; ARBs selectively inhibit angiotensin II from activating the angiotensin-specific receptor (AT1); and direct renin inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This review summarizes the evidence on the comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors, focusing on their use for treating essential hypertension in adults. In that analysis, investigators assessed the conclusions from the original comparative effectiveness review, performed a limited literature search of potentially new evidence, and solicited expert opinions concerning the state of the evidence and validity of the original report. Key Questions addressed are: Key Question 1. For adult patientsa with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors), ARBs (angiotensin II receptor antagonists), and direct renin inhibitorsb differ in blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk reduction, cardiovascular events, quality of life, and other outcomesc? Key Question 2. For adult patients with essential hypertension, how do ACEIs, ARBs, and direct renin inhibitors differ in safety, adverse events, tolerability, persistence with drug therapy, and treatment adherence
The Renin Angiotensin System Current Research Progress In The Pancreas
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Author : Po Sing Leung
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-09-20
The Renin Angiotensin System Current Research Progress In The Pancreas written by Po Sing Leung and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-20 with Medical categories.
Highlighting the role local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) play in pancreatic disease, this review presents the latest research advances in the field. These findings suggest both preventative measures and treatment for pancreatic disease.