Application Of Phase Change Material To Improve Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System
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Application Of Phase Change Material To Improve Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System
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Author : Erwan Adi Saputro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Application Of Phase Change Material To Improve Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System written by Erwan Adi Saputro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Compressed air categories.
The use of renewable energy, such as wind and solar, has significantly increased in the last decade. However, these renewable technologies have the limitations of being intermittent; thus,storing energy in the form of compressed air is a promising option. In compressed air energy storage (CAES), the electrical energy from the power network is transformed into a high pressure energy through a compressor. When the demand for electricity is high, the stored high pressure air is used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. The advantages of CAES include high energy density and quality, but the efficiency is relatively low (about 50%) since a significant amount of the compression energy is lost as heat. Additionally, in the expansion process, this technology would require a non-renewable source of energy for heating the air to prevent frosting. To overcome this drawback, an adiabatic CAES (ACAES) system has been proposed by applying methods of storing the generated heat during compression. The generated heat during compression is stored in the specific thermal storage system and is utilised to heat up the air during the expansion process. This method eliminates or limits the use of extra energy to heat the expanded air, usually needed in CAES system, which enhances the efficiency of the system by up to 70%. However, there are still challenges related to the selection of the thermal energy storage (TES) system needed in this application.The thermal storage material should have large storage capacity and should be able to store/release the heat rapidly during compression and expansion. For that reason, this thesis aims to develop a new method for the ACAES system using microcapsule of phase change material (PCM) for thermal storage. The use of PCM is selected since it has high latent heat of melting and hence is able to store a large amount of heat within a narrow change of temperature.The microcapsules are not only needed to contain the PCM but also to provide the large surface Philoarea needed for the heat to be stored in or released from it at a very high rate. In addition, a specific goal of this research is to develop a model for a small ACAES, which requires solving energy equations in both air and container wall and validate the model experimentally. A small CAES system has been designed for experimental purposes to validate the conceptual model. During the compression stage, the compressed air is stored into a 2L cylinder at 200 bar, while during the expansion stage, the compressed air is released to the environment. The results show that at the beginning of compression the air temperature rises from approximately 17°C to over 60°C, while it drops to -20°C during expansion. The previous model is further improved to account for the presence of PCM microcapsules and then validated experimentally. In the presence of PCM microcapsules (Micronal® DS 5038X), the air temperature rises from 24°C to around 50°C during compression, which is lower than without PCM, since PCM absorbs some of the heat and stores it in the form of latent heat. While in expansion, the minimum temperature drops to only -2 °C compared to -20°C when operated without PCM, which indicates that PCM has efficiently transferred its stored heat to the air. The effect of compression on physical and thermal properties of PCM microcapsules are investigated by comparing their characteristics before and after compression and for a number of cycles. Since air compression could crack the shell of the microcapsule, a metal-coating process, well-described in the thesis, is applied to prevent cracking of the polymer shell of the microcapsules and to improve their stability. Also to have a better understanding, two different PCMs are applied in this research: Micronal® DS 5038X and Microtek 24D, together with Microtek 24D metal-coated. All PCM microcapsules used in this research are analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), before and after 20 compression-expansion cycles. The results show that Micronal® DS 5038X has a better stability than Microtek 24D since these microcapsules are lumps of very small capsules. The performance of Microtek 24D is improved when metal coating is applied to the capsule. The results disclosed in this thesis indicate that PCM microcapsules are able to successfully store the heat generated during compression and release it during expansion at a very high rate due to their large surface area. The developed model has successfully predicted both air and cylinder’s wall temperature during compression and expansion processes.
Methods For Design And Application Of Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy
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Author : Daniel Wolf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Methods For Design And Application Of Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy written by Daniel Wolf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
High Temperature Phase Change Materials For Thermal Energy Storage
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Author : S. Harikrishnan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-08-06
High Temperature Phase Change Materials For Thermal Energy Storage written by S. Harikrishnan and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-06 with Science categories.
High-Temperature Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage covers the fundamentals, thermal characteristics, measurement, design, and applications of high-temperature phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage, supported by examples and numerical modeling. The differences between low-temperature and high-temperature PCMs are examined with respect to thermophysical properties, phase change properties, and melting/solidification processes, with detailed coverage of how to alter or shorten the phase transition temperature range between melting and solidification, providing routes for the utilization of PCMs for specific high-temperature applications. The book also addresses key challenges, such as the design of PCM containers, phase transition temperature with little deviation, high latent heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity, efficiency, ecocompatibility, and cost. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, advanced students, and scientists across the areas of energy storage, power generation, energy engineering, thermodynamics, materials science, renewable energy, energy management, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering as well as engineers, research and development professionals, and other industry personnel with an interest in thermal energy storage design and materials. Focuses on high-temperature PCMs for thermal energy storage, with real-life applications Provides detailed information on fundamentals, thermal characteristics, measurement, and design Addresses key challenges and includes examples, numerical studies, and modeling
Heat And Cold Storage With Pcm
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Author : Harald Mehling
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-15
Heat And Cold Storage With Pcm written by Harald Mehling and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-15 with Science categories.
The years 2006 and 2007 mark a dramatic change of peoples view regarding c- mate change and energy consumption. The new IPCC report makes clear that - mankind plays a dominant role on climate change due to CO emissions from en- 2 ergy consumption, and that a significant reduction in CO emissions is necessary 2 within decades. At the same time, the supply of fossil energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas becomes less reliable. In spring 2008, the oil price rose beyond 100 $/barrel for the first time in history. It is commonly accepted today that we have to reduce the use of fossil fuels to cut down the dependency on the supply countries and to reduce CO emissions. The use of renewable energy sources and 2 increased energy efficiency are the main strategies to achieve this goal. In both strategies, heat and cold storage will play an important role. People use energy in different forms, as heat, as mechanical energy, and as light. With the discovery of fire, humankind was the first time able to supply heat and light when needed. About 2000 years ago, the Romans started to use ceramic tiles to store heat in under floor heating systems. Even when the fire was out, the room stayed warm. Since ancient times, people also know how to cool food with ice as cold storage.
Theory Of Heat Pipes
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Author : T. P. Cotter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
Theory Of Heat Pipes written by T. P. Cotter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Heat pipes categories.
A heat pipe is a self-contained structure which achieves very high thermal conductance by means of two-phase fluid flow with capillary circulation. A quantitative engineering theory for the design and performance analysis of heat pipes is given.
Handbook Of Energy Storage
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Author : Michael Sterner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-09-27
Handbook Of Energy Storage written by Michael Sterner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The authors of this Handbook offer a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of energy storage. After explaining the importance and role of energy storage, they discuss the need for energy storage solutions with regard to providing electrical power, heat and fuel in light of the Energy Transition. The book’s main section presents various storage technologies in detail and weighs their respective advantages and disadvantages. Sections on sample practical applications and the integration of storage solutions across all energy sectors round out the book. A wealth of graphics and examples illustrate the broad field of energy storage, and are also available online. The book is based on the 2nd edition of the very successful German book Energiespeicher. It features a new chapter on legal considerations, new studies on storage needs, addresses Power-to-X for the chemical industry, new Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) and potential-energy storage, and highlights the latest cost trends and battery applications. “Finally – a comprehensive book on the Energy Transition that is written in a style accessible to and inspiring for non-experts.” Franz Alt, journalist and book author “I can recommend this outstanding book to anyone who is truly interested in the future of our country. It strikingly shows: it won’t be easy, but we can do it.” Prof. Dr. Harald Lesch, physicist and television host
Thermal Energy Storage
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Author : Ibrahim Dinçer
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-06-24
Thermal Energy Storage written by Ibrahim Dinçer and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-24 with Science categories.
The ability of thermal energy storage (TES) systems to facilitate energy savings, renewable energy use and reduce environmental impact has led to a recent resurgence in their interest. The second edition of this book offers up-to-date coverage of recent energy efficient and sustainable technological methods and solutions, covering analysis, design and performance improvement as well as life-cycle costing and assessment. As well as having significantly revised the book for use as a graduate text, the authors address real-life technical and operational problems, enabling the reader to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles and practical applications of thermal energy storage technology. Beginning with a general summary of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, this book goes on to discuss practical applications with chapters that include TES systems, environmental impact, energy savings, energy and exergy analyses, numerical modeling and simulation, case studies and new techniques and performance assessment methods.
Solar Hybrid Systems
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Author : Ahmet Aktas
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-04-23
Solar Hybrid Systems written by Ahmet Aktas and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-23 with Science categories.
Solar Hybrid Systems: Design and Application discusses the key power generation characteristics of solar systems and explores the growing need for hybrid systems. The authors use real-life examples to explain the disadvantages of solar systems without hybridization and to demonstrate the various applications hybrid solar systems can be used for, paying special attention to its integration with energy storage systems. The book also discusses the impact of hybridization and how this can improve power generation quality along with investigating novel and advanced hybrid solar systems. This is a useful reference for engineers and researchers involved in both the development and application of hybrid solar systems, and features topics such as solutions for the intermittence of renewable energy sources; on-gird and off-grid solar hybrid systems; the simulation, design and application of hybrid solar systems; the role of energy storage systems in solar hybrid applications; and the future of electric vehicles using solar hybrid systems. Demonstrates the benefits of hybrid solar systems and why they are needed Features practical advice on designing hybrid solar systems Includes key findings and real-world examples to illustrate the applications of hybrid solar systems
Advancement In Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials
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Author : Rami Mohammad Reda Saeed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Advancement In Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials written by Rami Mohammad Reda Saeed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
"The dissertation is intended to study the fundamental physical behavior of phase change materials (PCMs) and provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in their design and applications for thermal energy storage. Standard, predictive and thermodynamic models were presented to develop new PCM eutectic mixtures in a more scientific design approach. As new eutectic PCMs were developed, further research efforts were initiated to develop functionalized PCMs with enhanced thermal and physical properties to create the next generation of PCMs. Further efforts have been expanded to review several high-temperature PCM candidates with phase transition temperatures in the range of 70 oC to 90 oC for enhancing the passive safety and heat removal capabilities of the reactor containment during Loss of Coolant Accidents (LOCA). An optimum PCM candidate was selected and the temperature-dependent properties of the selected PCM were studied in detail. The study has also reviewed very high-temperature PCMs in the range of 300 oC to 900 oC which provide a unique opportunity to meet the variation in the power plant demand profiles. This review discussed various design and technical aspects on the concept of a coupled nuclear reactor thermal energy storage unit for several reactor types and identified numerous very high-temperature PCMs for potential improvements to Generation IV reactor designs and load shifting purposes. Finally, as a first step on experimentally studying a real PCM thermal energy storage system, a PCM heat exchanger in the form of parallel-plate heat exchanger was built and experimentally characterized for load shifting purposes"--Abstract, page iii.
Photovoltaic Thermal Pv T Systems
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Author : Ali H. A. Al-Waeli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-25
Photovoltaic Thermal Pv T Systems written by Ali H. A. Al-Waeli and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides the most up-to-date information on hybrid solar cell and solar thermal collectors, which are commonly referred to as Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) systems. PV/T systems convert solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy to produce electricity, utilize more of the solar spectrum, and save space by combining the two structures to cover lesser area than two systems separately. Research in this area is growing rapidly and is highlighted within this book. The most current methods and techniques available to aid in overall efficiency, reduce cost and improve modeling and system maintenance are all covered. In-depth chapters present the background and basic principles of the technology along with a detailed review of the most current literature. Moreover, the book details design criteria for PV/T systems including residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Provides an objective and decisive source for the supporters of green and renewable source of energy Discusses and evaluates state-of-the-art PV/T system designs Proposes and recommends potential designs for future research on this topic