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Are Some Countries More Equal Than Others


Are Some Countries More Equal Than Others
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Are Some Countries More Equal Than Others


Are Some Countries More Equal Than Others
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Author : Nelson Camilo Sanchez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Are Some Countries More Equal Than Others written by Nelson Camilo Sanchez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Human rights categories.




Some Are More Equal Than Others


Some Are More Equal Than Others
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Author : Zsolt Darvas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Some Are More Equal Than Others written by Zsolt Darvas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Income distribution categories.


We compare four methodologies to estimate the global distribution of income and nd that many methods work well, but the method based on two-parameter distributions is more accurate than other methods. is method is simpler, easier to implement and relies on a more internationally-comparable dataset of national income distributions than other approaches used in the literature to calculate the global distribution of income. We suggest a simulation-based technique to estimate the standard error of the global Gini coe cient. Global income inequality among the citizens of 128 countries gradually declined in 1989-2013, largely due to convergence of income per capita, which was o set by a small degree the increase in within- country inequalities. e standard error of the global Gini coe cient is very small. After 1994, market income inequality in the EU28 was at a level similar to market inequality in other parts of the world, but net inequality (after taxes and transfers) is at a much lower level and it declined between 1994 and 2008, since when it remained relatively stable. Regional income inequality is much higher in Asia, Africa, the Commonwealth of Independent states and Latin America than in the EU28. In Asia, regional inequality has increased recent years, while it declined in the other three non-European regions.



More Equal Than Others


More Equal Than Others
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Author : Godfrey Hodgson
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2009-01-10

More Equal Than Others written by Godfrey Hodgson and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-10 with History categories.


During the past quarter century, free-market capitalism was recognized not merely as a successful system of wealth creation, but as the key determinant of the health of political and cultural democracy. Now, renowned British journalist and historian Godfrey Hodgson takes aim at this popular view in a book that promises to become one of the most important political histories of our time. More Equal Than Others looks back on twenty-five years of what Hodgson calls "the conservative ascendancy" in America, demonstrating how it has come to dominate American politics. Hodgson disputes the notion that the rise of conservatism has spread affluence and equality to the American people. Quite the contrary, he writes, the most distinctive feature of American society in the closing years of the twentieth century was its great and growing inequality. He argues that the combination of conservative ideology and corporate power and dominance by mass media obsessed with lifestyle and celebrity have caused America to abandon much of what was best in its past. In fact, he writes, income and wealth inequality have become so extreme that America now resembles the class-stratified societies of early twentieth-century Europe. More Equal Than Others addresses a broad range of issues, with chapters on politics, the new economy, immigration, technology, women, race, and foreign policy, among others. A fitting sequel to the author's critically acclaimed America In Our Time, More Equal Than Others is not only an outstanding synthesis of history, but a trenchant commentary on the state of the American Dream.



Some Still More Equal Than Others


Some Still More Equal Than Others
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Author : Serdar M. Degirmencioglu
language : en
Publisher: Council of Europe
Release Date : 2011-01-01

Some Still More Equal Than Others written by Serdar M. Degirmencioglu and has been published by Council of Europe this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Political Science categories.


Inequality limits young people's chances in life. Yet equality is the basis of democracy and Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights secures the rights and freedoms of the young "without discrimination on any ground". Research shows that inequality - in opportunities, wealth or health, for example - is widespread in Europe and that the citizens of richer countries do not necessarily have healthier profiles than those of poorer countries. The citizens of egalitarian countries, on the other hand, have the highest life expectancy. This book examines many aspects of inequality and opportunity for young people including schooling, employment, social exclusion, labour migration, trafficking, disability, cultural and religious discrimination, youth work, and opposition and resistance.



Why Some Are More Equal Than Others


Why Some Are More Equal Than Others
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Author : Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-02-26

Why Some Are More Equal Than Others written by Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-26 with Social Science categories.


Food (in)security conditions differ across countries, and those differences affect the discussion of potential policy approaches. This paper reviews several approaches to creating country typologies of food (in)security conditions and then updates Díaz-Bonilla et al.’s 2000 IFPRI paper Food Security and Trade Negotiations in the World Trade Organization. The exercise uses five variables: domestic food production per capita (constant dollars per capita); a combination of calories and protein per capita; the ratio of total exports to food imports; the ratio of the nonagricultural population to total population; and a variable based on the mortality rate for children under 5. The raw values are all transformed into z-scores. The paper explains how the variables relate to the traditional dimensions of availability, access, and utilization in the definition of food security. Data for the variables correspond to the period 2009–2011 (or the latest available) and cover 155 developed and developing countries. Two clustering methods are applied: hierarchical and k-means. The hierarchical approach is used first, to determine potential outliers and to explore what would be a reasonable number of clusters. That analysis suggests that the maximum number of relevant clusters for the analysis is 10 and identifies three countries as outliers. We then use the k-means method to classify all other countries in one of the 10 different clusters or groups. The paper analyzes the average profile of each one of those groups and divides them into three categories of food insecure, intermediate, and food secure. We highlight the different profiles of each of the food-insecure clusters (such as whether they were rural or urban, trade stressed or not, and so on). Limitations related to land and water availability (measured as arable land, hectares per person, and renewable internal freshwater resources in cubic meters per capita) are incorporated into the analysis as an additional dimension to be considered. The paper closes with some policy considerations for the different types of clusters of food-insecure countries.



The Spirit Level


The Spirit Level
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Author : Richard Wilkinson
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2011-05-03

The Spirit Level written by Richard Wilkinson and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-03 with Social Science categories.


It is common knowledge that, in rich societies, the poor have worse health and suffer more from almost every social problem. This book explains why inequality is the most serious problem societies face today.



Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality


Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality
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Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-06-15

Causes And Consequences Of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-15 with Business & Economics categories.


This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.



More Equal Than Others


More Equal Than Others
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Author : Rosanna Hertz
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1986

More Equal Than Others written by Rosanna Hertz and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Family & Relationships categories.


By placing the dual-career marriage in its economic and social context, More Equal Than Others goes beyond the media image of dual-career couples as self-sufficient units and compels the reader to confront the dilemmas and possibilities of modern marriages.



Towards A More Equal Society


Towards A More Equal Society
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Author : David Vernon Donnison
language : en
Publisher: Spokesman Books
Release Date : 2001

Towards A More Equal Society written by David Vernon Donnison and has been published by Spokesman Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Equality categories.




Sometimes More Equal Than Others


Sometimes More Equal Than Others
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Author : Magnus Lindel??w
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Sometimes More Equal Than Others written by Magnus Lindel??w and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.


A large body of empirical work in recent years has focused on measuring and explaining socioeconomic inequalities in health outcomes and health service use. In any effort to address these questions, analysts must confront the issue of how to measure socioeconomic status. In developing countries, socioeconomic status has typically been measured by per capita consumption or an asset index. Currently, there is only limited information on how the choice of welfare indicators affects the analysis of health inequalities and the incidence of public spending. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential sensitivity of the analysis of health-related inequalities to how socioeconomic status is measured. Using data from Mozambique, the paper focuses on five key health service indicators and tests whether measured inequality (concentration index) in the five health service variables is different depending on the choice of welfare indicator. The paper shows that, at least in some contexts, the choice of welfare indicator can have a large and significant impact on measured inequality in utilization of health service and on the perceived incidence of public spending. Consequently, we can reach very different conclusions about the "same" issue depending on how we define socioeconomic status. The results call for more clarity and care in the analysis of health-related inequalities and for explicit recognition of the potential sensitivity of findings to the choice of welfare measure. The results also point to the need for more careful research on how different dimensions of socioeconomic status are related, and on the pathways by which these dimensions affect health-related variables.