Arguments And Agreement
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Arguing About Alliances
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Author : Paul Poast
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2019-11-15
Arguing About Alliances written by Paul Poast and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-15 with Political Science categories.
Why do some attempts to conclude alliance treaties end in failure? From the inability of European powers to form an alliance that would stop Hitler in the 1930s, to the present inability of Ukraine to join NATO, states frequently attempt but fail to form alliance treaties. In Arguing about Alliances, Paul Poast sheds new light on the purpose of alliance treaties by recognizing that such treaties come from negotiations, and that negotiations can end in failure. In a book that bridges Stephen Walt's Origins of Alliance and Glenn Snyder's Alliance Politics, two classic works on alliances, Poast identifies two conditions that result in non-agreement: major incompatibilities in the internal war plans of the participants, and attractive alternatives to a negotiated agreement for various parties to the negotiations. As a result, Arguing about Alliances focuses on a group of states largely ignored by scholars: states that have attempted to form alliance treaties but failed. Poast suggests that to explain the outcomes of negotiations, specifically how they can end without agreement, we must pay particular attention to the wartime planning and coordinating functions of alliance treaties. Through his exploration of the outcomes of negotiations from European alliance negotiations between 1815 and 1945, Poast offers a typology of alliance treaty negotiations and establishes what conditions are most likely to stymie the attempt to formalize recognition of common national interests.
Kokota Grammar
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Author : Bill Palmer
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2008-10-31
Kokota Grammar written by Bill Palmer and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-31 with Foreign Language Study categories.
This work describes the grammar of Kokota, a highly endangered Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands, spoken by about nine hundred people on the island of Santa Isabel. After several long periods among the Kokota, Dr. Palmer has written an unusually detailed and comprehensive description of the language. Kokota has never before been described, so this work makes an important contribution to our knowledge of the Oceanic languages of island Melanesia. Kokota Grammar examines the phonology of the language and includes a lengthy section on stress assignment. It continues with chapters on nouns and noun phrases, minor participant types, possession, argument structure, the verb complex, clause structure, imperative and interrogative constructions, and subordination and coordination (including verb serialization). The typological interest of Kokota, along with its degree of endangerment and the paucity of information on Northwest Solomonic languages in general, combined with the level of detail given in the volume, make this a work of considerable interest to Austronesian linguists, typologists, syntacticians, phonologists, and all who are involved in describing and documenting endangered languages.
Handbook Of Child Language Acquisition
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Author : Tej K. Bhatia
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-11-27
Handbook Of Child Language Acquisition written by Tej K. Bhatia and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
What allows children to acquire language so effortlessly, with such speed, and with such amazing accuracy? Capitalizing on the most recent developments in linguistics and cognitive psychology, this volume sheds new light on the what, why, and how of the child's ability to acquire one or more languages. The "Handbook" is one of a kind in a number of respects. It includes state-of-the-art treatments of acquisition from a variety of theoretical viewpoints ranging from functionalist approaches and the implications of the creolization of languages for the study of acquisition to the relevance of Chomsky's Minimalist Program. It contains overviews of the acquisition of all components of linguistic structure, treats the acquisition of the sign languages of the deaf, and discusses the specific problems of bilingual acquisition. This handbook addresses the following questions: 'Is the capacity for language acquisition constant throughout the career of the language learner (that is, is it 'continuous') or does that capacity change in significant ways as the learner matures?' ; 'Is the language capacity a separate module of the mind or does it follow from general, 'all-purpose' cognitive capacities?'; 'What is innate in language acquisition and what is acquired on the basis of experience?'; 'What research/methodological issues arise in the study of child language acquisition?'; 'How might input from the language (or languages) of the environment, including visual/gestural input in the case of the sign languages of the deaf, affect the process and result of acquisition?'; and, 'How are the facts of non-normal acquisition to be explained?'
Syntax 2 Halbband
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Author : Joachim Jacobs
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-07-14
Syntax 2 Halbband written by Joachim Jacobs and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
No detailed description available for "SYNTAX (JACOBS U.A.) HSK 9.2 E-BOOK".
Agreement Beyond The Verb
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Author : Marina Chumakina
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-11-15
Agreement Beyond The Verb written by Marina Chumakina and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book explores unusual patterns of agreement, one of the most intriguing and theoretically challenging aspects of human language. Agreement is typically thought to reflect a structural relationship between a verb and its arguments within the clause, and all major theories of agreement have been developed with the centrality of this relationship in mind. But beyond the verb, items belonging to practically every other part of speech have been found to function as agreement targets, including adpositions, adverbs, converbs, nouns, pronouns, complementizers, and other conjunctions. Data on these targets provide rich insights into the structural domains in which agreement operates, demonstrating that unusual targets can be associated with unexpected domains that are independent of the agreement domain of the verb. Following an introduction to the typology of unusual targets and unexpected domains across the world's languages, the chapters in this volume provide detailed treatments of a wide range of rare and complex agreement phenomena in seven languages, belonging to five different language families of Eurasia and the Pacific. The contributions are all based on novel data collected by the authors, which detail the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of agreement on non-verbal targets within the clause.
Debating Climate Change
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Author : Elizabeth L. Malone
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2009
Debating Climate Change written by Elizabeth L. Malone and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Ethics Of Argumentation
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Author : Katharina Stevens
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2025-08-22
The Ethics Of Argumentation written by Katharina Stevens and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-08-22 with Philosophy categories.
This book offers a new approach to the theory of argumentation that conceptualizes argumentation as a fundamentally ethical activity whose norms are grounded in, and must be selected according to, moral reasons. Current normative approaches to argumentation do not treat ethics as an integral part of argumentation theory. This is at least in part due to a methodological commitment not to address internal states of the arguers, such as intentions and beliefs, which makes moral theorizing about argumentation difficult. This book presents three arguments for why ethics ought to be a central element in normative theorizing about argumentation. Through these arguments it shows, first, that ethics is needed for providing normative argumentation theory with its foundation and for offering arguers reliable guidance for decision- making, both about which norms ought to govern their arguing and how they should shape each argument they make. Second, it addresses some of the most persistent problems faced by currently dominant normative approaches to argumentation, most notably that they are only reliable under the assumption that unrealistic background conditions are fulfilled. Finally, it provides the groundwork for a systematic ethics of argumentation. It does so by showing how a function of argumentation can be justified via moral reasons and by providing the outlines for both an applied ethics of (meta- level) normative argument design and an applied role-ethics of object-level arguing. The Ethics of Argumentation is essential reading for researchers and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines— including philosophy, communication studies, linguistics, and rhetoric— who are interested in communication, deliberation, argumentation, critical thinking, and social epistemology.
A Grammar Of Bardi
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Author : Claire Bowern
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-08-31
A Grammar Of Bardi written by Claire Bowern and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The Bardi language is currently spoken by fewer than 10 people. The language is a member of the Nyulnyulan family, a small non-Pama-Nyungan family in northwest Australia. This book is a reference grammar of the language. The 16 chapters include information on phonetics and phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax, as well as an ethnographic sketch of traditional life. A selection of texts is also included. It is the first published full study of a Nyulnyulan language.
Linguistic Fundamentals For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Emily M. Bender
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2013-06-01
Linguistic Fundamentals For Natural Language Processing written by Emily M. Bender and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-01 with Computers categories.
Many NLP tasks have at their core a subtask of extracting the dependencies—who did what to whom—from natural language sentences. This task can be understood as the inverse of the problem solved in different ways by diverse human languages, namely, how to indicate the relationship between different parts of a sentence. Understanding how languages solve the problem can be extremely useful in both feature design and error analysis in the application of machine learning to NLP. Likewise, understanding cross-linguistic variation can be important for the design of MT systems and other multilingual applications. The purpose of this book is to present in a succinct and accessible fashion information about the morphological and syntactic structure of human languages that can be useful in creating more linguistically sophisticated, more language-independent, and thus more successful NLP systems. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction/motivation / Morphology: Introduction / Morphophonology / Morphosyntax / Syntax: Introduction / Parts of speech / Heads, arguments, and adjuncts / Argument types and grammatical functions / Mismatches between syntactic position and semantic roles / Resources / Bibliography / Author's Biography / General Index / Index of Languages
The Linguistic Cycle
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Author : Elly van Gelderen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-07-31
The Linguistic Cycle written by Elly van Gelderen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-31 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Cyclical language change is a linguistic process by which a word, phrase, or part of the grammar loses its meaning or function and is then replaced by another. This can even happen on the level of an entire language, which can experience a change in the language family it is a part of. This new text is a comprehensive introduction to this phenomenon, the mechanisms underlying it, and the relations between the different types of cycles. Elly van Gelderen reviews the subject widely and holistically, defining key terms and comprehensively presenting diverse theoretical perspectives and empirical findings. With coverage of a variety of micro cycles and the more controversial macro cycles, incorporating cutting-edge work on grammaticalization, and drawing on examples from many languages and language families, this book accessibly guides readers through the state of the art in the field. With practical methodological guidance on how to identify and investigate linguistic cycles, and an array of useful pedagogical features, the book provides a coherent framework for approaching, understanding, and furthering research in linguistic cycles. This text will be an indispensable resource for advanced students and researchers in historical and diachronic linguistics, language typology, and linguistic and grammatical theory.