Armenia And Imperial Decline
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Armenia And Imperial Decline
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Author : George Bournoutian
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-15
Armenia And Imperial Decline written by George Bournoutian and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-15 with History categories.
This book seeks, for the first time, to examine the demography and the social and economic conditions in the Yerevan Province during the first decade of the twentieth century, before the great changes that occurred during World War I and the seven decades of Soviet rule. Unlike in Tiflis and Baku, the Armenian inhabitants of the Yerevan Province were overwhelmingly peasants. They did not play a major role in the political, intellectual or economic life of the South Caucasus. The aim of the book is to prove conclusively that the Armenians of the Yerevan Province not only benefited from living under the umbrella of imperial security, but, as junior and senior officials, they also acquired important administrative and professional skills. The social and economic changes of the last decade of Russian rule enabled the local Armenians to advance and, following the collapse of the Russian Empire, to occupy posts previously held by Russians. Thus, despite the absence of their most talented individuals and the lack of experienced political leaders, as well as the loss of half their territory to Turkish attacks in 1918, the local Armenian administration, in the face of terrible conditions and great odds, provided the foundation which allowed the Armenian Republic to maintain its independence until December of 1920. In fact, some of the survivors would assist in the modernization and nation building of Soviet Armenia. Providing a detailed overview of the history of the Yerevan Province in the late imperial age, this book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars interested in the History of Armenia, the Russian Empire and the Caucasus.
The Great Game Of Genocide
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Author : Donald Bloxham
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-04-28
The Great Game Of Genocide written by Donald Bloxham and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-28 with History categories.
The Great Game of Genocide addresses the origins, development and aftermath of the Armenian genocide in a wide-ranging reappraisal based on primary and secondary sources from all the major parties involved. Rejecting the determinism of many influential studies, and discarding polemics on all sides, it founds its interpretation of the genocide in the interaction between the Ottoman empire in its decades of terminal decline, the self-interested policies of the European imperial powers, and the agenda of some Armenian nationalists in and beyond Ottoman territory. Particular attention is paid to the international context of the process of ethnic polarization that culminated in the massive destruction of 1912-23, and especially the obliteration of the Armenian community in 1915-16. The opening chapters of the book examine the relationship between the great power politics of the 'eastern question' from 1774, the narrower politics of the 'Armenian question' from the mid-nineteenth century, and the internal Ottoman questions of reforming the complex social and ethnic order under intense external pressure. Later chapters include detailed case studies of the role of Imperial Germany during the First World War (reaching conclusions markedly different to the prevailing orthodoxy of German complicity in the genocide); the wartime Entente and then the uncomfortable postwar Anglo-French axis; and American political interest in the Middle East in the interwar period which led to a policy of refusing to recognize the genocide. The book concludes by explaining the ongoing international denial of the genocide as an extension of the historical 'Armenian question', with many of the same considerations governing modern European-American-Turkish interaction as existed prior to the First World War.
Imperial Ends
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Author : Alexander J. Motyl
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2001-08-01
Imperial Ends written by Alexander J. Motyl and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-01 with Political Science categories.
Despite their historical importance, empires have received scant attention from social scientists. Now, Alexander J. Motyl examines the structure, dynamics, and continuing relevance of empire—and asks, "Why do empires decline? Why do some empires collapse? And why do some collapsed empires revive?" Rejecting choice-centered theories of imperial decline, Motyl maintains that the very structure of empires promotes decay and that decay in turn facilitates the progressive loss of territory. Although most major empires have in fact declined in this manner, some, such as the Soviet Union, have collapsed suddenly and comprehensively. Motyl explains how and why collapse occurs, why such an outcome is hard to foresee, and why some collapsed empires revive. While broad-ranging historically and empirically, Imperial Ends focuses on five modern empires: the Soviet, Romanov, Ottoman, Habsburg, and Wilhelmine. Examining the possibility of a revival of the Soviet empire, Motyl points out that the expansion of NATO and the European Union, along with increasing globalization, will isolate Russia and its neighbors, promoting their dependence upon one another and perhaps facilitating the rise of the former core. With boldly stated conclusions and concise analytical interpretations, Imperial Ends cohesively illustrates to policymakers and social scientists alike the importance of possible imperial revivals and the rise of future empires.
History Of The Caucasus
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Author : Christoph Baumer
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2023-10-05
History Of The Caucasus written by Christoph Baumer and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-05 with History categories.
In the Shadow of Great Powers is the second volume of Christoph Baumer's History of the Caucasus. It covers the period from the Seljuk domination of the Southern Caucasus around 1050 CE to the present day. After the Kingdom of Georgia's golden age of independent power and cultural blossoming in the 12th and early 13th centuries, the Caucasus was overrun by the Mongols and soon disintegrated into innumerable smaller kingdoms, principalities and khanates. At the same time, an Armenian kingdom in exile maintained a precarious independence in Cilicia, today's southern Turkey, by applying a three-way diplomatic policy balanced between the Mongol Il-Khanate, the Crusader states and, to a lesser degree, the Mameluke Empire. Then followed four centuries during which the highly fragmented polities of the North and South Caucasus became political pawns of the regional great powers, above all the Ottomans, Iran and Russia. In the wake of World War I the South Caucasus enjoyed a short-lived independence whereas its northern neighbours were engulfed by the Russian civil wars. But by 1921 the Soviet Union had re-established Russian dominance over the whole region and, from a Western perspective, the region 'disappeared' behind the Iron Curtain. Nevertheless, the Caucasian nations kept their pronounced identities even under Soviet rule, giving rise at the dissolution of the Soviet Union to a number of internecine conflicts. Whereas the Russian Federation managed to maintain its supremacy over the North Caucasus – albeit at the cost of bloody wars and insurrections – Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia succeeded in more or less gaining control over their destiny. Of these three republics, only Azerbaijan secured a wide-ranging independence thanks to its fossil fuel resources. Following Russian interference, Georgia lost control over two of its provinces while Armenia remains dependent on Russian support in the face of its notoriously antagonistic relations with neighbouring Azerbaijan and Turkey over the unresolved issue of Karabakh. In the Shadow of Great Powers includes some 200 full-colour images and maps which further bring the turbulent history of this region to light.
Picturing The Ottoman Armenian World
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Author : David Low
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-06-30
Picturing The Ottoman Armenian World written by David Low and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-30 with Photography categories.
The Armenian contribution to Ottoman photography in the last decades of the empire has been well-documented. Studios founded and run by Armenian Ottomans in Istanbul contributed to the exciting cultural flourishing of Ottoman 'modernity', before its dissolution after World War I. Less known however are the pioneering studios from the east in the empire's Armenian heartlands, whose photographic output reflected and became a major form of documenting the momentous events and changes of the period, from war and revolution to persecution, migration and ultimately, genocide. This book examines photographic activity in three Armenian cities on the Armenian plateau: Erzurum, Kharpert and Van. It explores how indigenous photography was rooted in the seismic social, political and cultural shifts that shaped Armenian lives during the Ottoman Empire's last four decades. Arguing that photographic practice was marked by the era's central movements, it shows how photography was bound-up in Armenian educational endeavours, mass migration and revolutionary activity. Photography responded to and became the instrument of these phenomena, so much so that it can be shown that they were responsible for the very spread of the medium through the Armenian communities of the Ottoman East and the rapid increase in photographic studios. Contributing to growing interest in Ottoman and Middle Eastern photographic history, the book also offers a valuable perspective on the history of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire.
Rethinking Revolutions From 1905 To 1934
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Author : Stefan Berger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-12-13
Rethinking Revolutions From 1905 To 1934 written by Stefan Berger and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-13 with History categories.
This edited collection offers a timely and original perspective on the many upheavals and revolutions that broke out across the world during the earlytwentieth century. With previous research tending to confine revolutions within national borders, this book sets out to place them within a broader global sphere of thought and action. The authors explore the time phase between the Russian Revolution of 1905 and the Asturian Revolution of 1934, including cases from South Africa, Australia, China, the Middle East and Latin America. Providing insights from leading scholars in the field, this collection highlights the interconnectedness and transnationalism of upheavals and revolutions, offering a new approach which integrates political, social and cultural history. Chapter 8 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via Link.springer.com
Britain S Declining Empire
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Author : Ronald Hyam
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006
Britain S Declining Empire written by Ronald Hyam and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with History categories.
A major reassessment of the end of the British empire, focusing on the period after 1945, first published in 2007.
The History Of Armenia
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Author : S. Payaslian
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-03-13
The History Of Armenia written by S. Payaslian and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-13 with History categories.
There is a great deal of interest in the history of Armenia since its renewed independence in the 1990s and the ongoing debate about the genocide - an interest that informs the strong desire of a new generation of Armenian Americans to learn more about their heritage and has led to greater solidarity in the community. By integrating themes such as war, geopolitics, and great leaders, with the less familiar cultural themes and personal stories, this book will appeal to general readers and travellers interested in the region.
The Rise And Decline Of The Roman Empire
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Author : John Bagnell Bury
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2023-12-09
The Rise And Decline Of The Roman Empire written by John Bagnell Bury and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-09 with History categories.
This carefully crafted ebook "Rise and Decline of the Roman Empire" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents: The Principate The Joint Government of the Princeps and Senate The Family of Augustus and His Plans to Found a Dynasty Rome and Parthia The Winning and Losing of Germany Rome Under Augustus Literature of the Augustan Age The Principate of Tiberius The Principate of Gaius Caligula The Principate of Claudius The Conquest of Britain The Principate of Nero The Wars for Armenia The Principate of Galba, and the Year of the Four Emperors Rebellions in Germany and Judea The Flavian Emperors Britain and Germany Under the Flavians Nerva and Trajan — the Conquest of Dacia Literature From the Death of Tiberius to Trajan The Principate of Hadrian The Principate of Antoninus Pius The Principate of Marcus Aurelius Literature Under Hadrian and the Antonines The Roman World Under the Empire — Politics, Philosophy, Religion and Art Roman Life and Manners Decline and the Last Years of the Roman Empire The Constitution of the Monarchy The Administrative Machinery Constantinople The Neighbours of the Empire at the End of the Fourth Century The Supremacy of Stilicho The German Invasions Under Honorius Theodosius II and Marcian The Dismemberment of the Empire in the West The Empire of Attila Leo I and Ricimer's Rule in Italy Church and State The Reign of Zeno, and the German Viceroyalty in Italy The Reign of Anastasius I and the Viceroyalty of Theoderic The Empire and Persia Justin I and Justinian I The Persian Wars The Reconquest of Africa The Reconquest of Italy Diplomacy and Commerce Administrative Reforms and Finance Ecclesiastical Policy The Legislative Work of Justinian Procopius
The Political Economy Of Human Rights In Armenia
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Author : Simon Payaslian
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2011-06-30
The Political Economy Of Human Rights In Armenia written by Simon Payaslian and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-30 with History categories.
Since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia has experienced a reversal from democratization to a Soviet-style authoritarian regime and has been accused of repressive approaches to human rights. Here, Simon Payaslian juxtaposes a masterful survey of the history of the Armenian people from the nineteenth century through the first republic (1918-21) and Sovietization to the present, with the evolution of international human rights standards, and argues that a statist and authoritarian political culture has impeded political liberalization and institutionalization of human rights principles. Highlighting the clash between sovereignty on one side and human rights and democracy on the other, this comprehensive and in-depth analysis is essential for all those interested in human rights, democratization, political repression and the former Soviet republics.