Arquitetura Para Ganho De Efici Ncia Energ Tica Em Redes De Sensores Sem Fios De Pr Xima Gera O
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Arquitetura Para Ganho De Efici Ncia Energ Tica Em Redes De Sensores Sem Fios De Pr Xima Gera O
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Author : André Zimmermann
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Arquitetura Para Ganho De Efici Ncia Energ Tica Em Redes De Sensores Sem Fios De Pr Xima Gera O written by André Zimmermann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
A Nova Geração de Redes de Sensores Sem Fios irá integrar sistemas de comunicação além terceira geração. Como resultado desta integração, estes novos sistemas de comunicação serão alimentados pelas Redes de Sensores com informação colhida do ambiente, tornando-se cientes do contexto. Para alcançar a necessária conectividade entre redes IP e Redes de Sensores, o grupo de trabalho 6LoWPAN da Internet Engineering Task Force projetou uma camada de adaptação IPv6 para dispositivos de capacidades restritas. Esta pilha protocolar provê aos nós sensores interoperabilidade IPv6, evitando sobrecarga protocolar tanto quanto possível. Nesta dissertação, foram analisados e avaliados os possíveis cenários de comunicação IPv6 em Redes de Sensores sem Fios. Estas analises levaram a conclusão que, mesmo o 6LoWPAN sendo uma solução IPv6 leve o suficiente para ser executado em nós sensores, em cenários de comunicação global, isto é, quando há necessidade de utilização de endereçamento IPv6 globais e únicos, a sobrecarga protocolar é significativa e novas abordagens devem ser propostas. A fim de evitar sobrecarga de comunicação em Redes de Sensores Sem Fios quando há necessidade de comunicação com diferentes redes, foi proposta uma arquitetura que explora as técnicas do 6LoWPAN para supressão de cabeçalhos através de mecanismos de tradução transparente de endereços, alcançando maior eficiência energética. The next generation of wireless sensor networks will integrate communication systems beyond third generation paradigm. As a result of this integration, the new communication systems will be feed by the sensor networks with information gathered from the environment, achieving context awareness. To reach the necessary end-to-end connectivity between all-IP networks and sensor networks, the IETF 6LoWPAN working group designed an IPv6 adaptation layer for low power, low cost, low bit rate and short range devices. This protocol stack provides to the sensor networks IPv6 interoperability, avoiding overhead as much as possible. This document analyses and evaluates the associated IP overhead in different 6LoWPAN scenarios, from intra to inter network communication. We conclude that, even the 6LoWPAN being a light weight IP solution for link local sensor network communication, when data flows between different networks the overhead is too high and new approaches must be proposed. In order to avoid communication overhead when global IPv6 addressing is necessary in resource constrained networks, we propose an architecture to exploit 6LoWPAN crosslayering techniques to relief constrained networks from IP unnecessary headers through transparent address translation mechanisms.
Fundamentals Of Ocean Acoustics
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Author : L. Brekhovskikh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Fundamentals Of Ocean Acoustics written by L. Brekhovskikh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
The continents of our planet have already been exploited to a great extent. Therefore man is turning his sight to the vast spaciousness of the ocean whose resources - mineral, biological, energetic, and others - are just beginning to be used. The ocean is being intensively studied. Our notions about the dynam ics of ocean waters and their role in forming the Earth's climate as well as about the structure of the ocean bottom have substantially changed during the last two decades. An outstanding part in this accelerated exploration of the ocean is played by ocean acoustics. Only sound waves can propagate in water over large distances. Practically all kinds of telemetry, communication, location, and re mote sensing of water masses and the ocean bottom use sound waves. Propa gating over thousands of kilometers in the ocean, they bring information on earthquakes, eruptions of volcanoes, and distant storms. Projects using acoustical tomography systems for exploration of the ocean are presently be ing developed. Each of these systems will allow us to determine the three-di mensional structure of water masses in regions as large as millions of square kilometers.
Solar And Infrared Radiation Measurements
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Author : Frank Vignola
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-19
Solar And Infrared Radiation Measurements written by Frank Vignola and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The rather specialized field of solar and infrared radiation measurement has become more and more important in the face of growing demands by the renewable energy and climate change research communities for data that are more accurate and have increased temporal and spatial resolution. Updating decades of acquired knowledge in the field, Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements details the strengths and weaknesses of instruments used to conduct such solar and infrared radiation measurements. Topics covered include: Radiometer design and performance Equipment calibration, installation, operation, and maintenance Data quality assessment Methods to use measured data to estimate irradiance for any surface With a broad range of content that will benefit students and more experienced readers alike, this resource serves as a primer and technical reference that presents the basic terminology and fundamentals for resource assessment. It explores the history of solar radiation instruments and addresses direct normal, global, diffuse, and tilted measurements, as well as the characteristics of instruments used for these measurements. The authors consider methods of assessing the uncertainty of solar measurements and then cover albedo, infrared, net, and spectral irradiance measurements and instrumentation. The book devotes a section to other meteorological instruments, and another to the basics for installing and operating a solar monitoring station. Appendices include information on solar resource assessment modeling and satellite-derived irradiance, along with other useful material. This book’s authors are experts who each have more than 30 years of experience developing and operating multiple measurement stations, working with industry to improve radiometry, and conducting various research projects.
Fundamentals Of Analytical Chemistry
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Author : Douglas A. Skoog
language : en
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Release Date : 2013-01-01
Fundamentals Of Analytical Chemistry written by Douglas A. Skoog and has been published by Cengage Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with Chemistry, Analytic categories.
Known for its readability and systematic, rigorous approach, this fully updated FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 9E, International Edition offers extensive coverage of the principles and practices of analytic chemistry and consistently shows students its applied nature. The book's award-winning authors begin each chapter with a story and photo of how analytic chemistry is applied in industry, medicine, and all the sciences. To further reinforce student learning, a wealth of dynamic photographs by renowned chemistry photographer Charlie Winters appear as chapter-openers and throughout the text. Incorporating Excel spreadsheets as a problem-solving tool, the Ninth Edition is enhanced by a chapter on Using Spreadsheets in Analytical Chemistry, updated spreadsheet summaries and problems, an "Excel Shortcut Keystrokes for the PC" insert card, and a supplement by the text authors, EXCEL® APPLICATIONS FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, which integrates this important aspect of the study of analytical chemistry into the book's already rich pedagogy. New to this edition is OWL, an online homework and assessment tool that includes the Cengage YouBook, a fully customizable and interactive eBook, which enhances conceptual understanding through hands-on integrated multimedia interactivity.
Photovoltaics
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Author : Heinrich Häberlin
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-01-05
Photovoltaics written by Heinrich Häberlin and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
With the explosive growth in PV (photovoltaic) installations globally, the sector continues to benefit from important improvements in manufacturing technology and the increasing efficiency of solar cells, this timely handbook brings together all the latest design, layout and construction methods for entire PV plants in a single volume. Coverage includes procedures for the design of both stand-alone and grid-connected systems as well as practical guidance on typical operational scenarios and problems encountered for optimum PV plant performance. This comprehensive resource will benefit electrical engineer and other electrical professionals in PV systems, especially designers and installers of PV plants or the product manufacturing and testing supply chain. Advanced students on renewable energy courses will find this useful background reading and it will be an invaluable desk reference for PV plant builders and owners.
Porth S Pathophysiology
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Author : Sheila Grossman
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Porth S Pathophysiology written by Sheila Grossman and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Medical categories.
Featuring brilliant art, engaging new case studies, and dynamic new teaching and learning resources, this 9th edition of Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States is captivating, accessible, and student-friendly while retaining the comprehensive, nursing-focused coverage that has made it a market leader. The book’s unique emphasis on “concepts" of altered health states, as opposed to factual descriptions of diseases and disorders, helps students grasp both the physical and psychological aspects of altered health. Drawing on the expertise of new co-author Sheila Grossman, the Ninth Edition maintains its comprehensive depth, while paring down content where appropriate and replacing descriptive content with striking art. (Approximately 600 illustrations are new or have been re-rendered in a consistent modern style.) Also new to this edition are advanced 3D narrated animations that address the most clinically relevant and difficult to understand disorders, engaging unit-opening case studies that reinforce critical thinking and set the tone for the content to come, and a wide range of built-in study tools. Now, for the first time, Porth’s Pathophysiology is supported by PrepU, an adaptive learning system that help students learn more, while giving instructors the data they need to monitor each student’s progress, strengths, and weaknesses.
Power Electronics
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Author : Fang Lin Luo
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-01-19
Power Electronics written by Fang Lin Luo and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The ever-growing shortage of energy resources continues to make the development of renewable energy sources, energy-saving techniques, and power supply quality an increasingly critical issue. To meet the need to develop renewable and energy-saving power sources, green energy source systems require large numbers of converters. New converters, such as the Vienna rectifier and z-source inverters, are designed to improve the power factor and increase power efficiency. Power Electronics: Advanced Conversion Technologies gives those working in power electronics useful and concise information regarding advanced converters. Offering methods for determining accurate solutions in the design of converters for industrial applications, this book details more than 200 topologies concerning advanced converters that the authors themselves have developed. The text analyzes new converter circuits that have not been widely examined, and it covers the rapid advances in the field, presenting ways to solve and correct the historical problems associated with them. The technology of DC/DC conversion is making rapid progress. It is estimated that more than 600 topologies of DC/DC converters exist, and new ones are being created every year. The authors completed the mammoth task of systematically sorting and categorizing the DC/DC converters into six groups and have made major contributions to voltage-lift and super-lift techniques. Detailing the authors’ work, this book investigates topics including traditional AC/DC diode rectifiers controlled AC/DC rectifiers power factor correction unity power factor techniques pulse-width-modulated DC/AC inverters multilevel DC/AC inverters traditional and improved AC/AC converters converters used in renewable energy source systems With many examples and homework problems to help the reader thoroughly understand design and application of power electronics, this volume can be used both as a textbook for university students studying power electronics and a reference book for practicing engineers.
Introductory Circuit Analysis
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Author : Robert L. Boylestad
language : en
Publisher: Pearson Education India
Release Date : 2003
Introductory Circuit Analysis written by Robert L. Boylestad and has been published by Pearson Education India this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Electric circuit analysis categories.
Grass Productivity An Introduction To Rational Grazing
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Author : Dr. Robert C. Worstell
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2015-01-13
Grass Productivity An Introduction To Rational Grazing written by Dr. Robert C. Worstell and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-13 with Business & Economics categories.
SIMPLE questions often help us to understand problems better; and I think it indispensable, at the beginning of this work, to ask a question which appears simple in the extreme: "What is grazing?" The answer is generally as follows: "Causing grass to be eaten by an animal." That is correct! But here is another answer which, to my mind, is more realistic: "Causing the grass and the animal to meet." Since this book is almost exclusively concerned with grazing by cattle, I propose the following definition to the reader, requesting him to allow it to become well impressed upon his mind: Grazing is the meeting of cow and grass. It is by satisfying as far as possible the demands of both parties that we will arrive at a rational grazing, which will provide us with maximum productivity on the part of the grass while at the same time allowing the cow to give optimum performance. [From the Introduction]
Grassland Ecophysiology And Grazing Ecology
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Author : Gilles Lemaire
language : fr
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2000-11-03
Grassland Ecophysiology And Grazing Ecology written by Gilles Lemaire and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text presents edited key papers from the International Symposium on Grassland Ecophyisiology and Grazing Ecology held in Curitiba, Brazil in August 1999. It considers how plants within grasslands respond to and are adapted to grazing animals.