Artificial Retina
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The Dept Of Energy Artificial Retina Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Dept Of Energy Artificial Retina Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
LLNL has assisted in the development of the first long-term retinal prosthesis - called an artificial retina - that can function for years inside the harsh biological environment of the eye. This work has been done in collaboration with four national laboratories (Argonne, Los Alamos, Oak Ridge and Sandia), four universities (the California Institute of Technology, the Doheny Eye Institute at USC, North Carolina State University and the University of California, Santa Cruz), an industrial partner (Second Sight® Medical Products Inc. of Sylmar, Calif.) and the U.S. Department of Energy. With this device, application-specific integrated circuits transform digital images from a camera into electric signals in the eye that the brain uses to create a visual image. In clinical trials, patients with vision loss were able to successfully identify objects, increase mobility and detect movement using the artificial retina.
Artificial Vision
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Author : Veit Peter Gabel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-24
Artificial Vision written by Veit Peter Gabel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-24 with Medical categories.
This book presents and analyses the most recent research dedicated to restoring vision in individuals who are severely impaired or blind from retinal disease or injury. It is written by the leading groups worldwide who are at the forefront of developing artificial vision. The book begins by discussing the difficulties in comparing and interpreting functional results in the area of very low vision and the principal prospects and limitations of spatial resolution with artificial tools. Further on, chapters are included by researchers who stimulate the surface or the pigment epithelial side of the retina and by experts who work on stimulating the optic nerve, the lateral geniculate body and the superficial layers of the visual cortex. Artificial Vision: A Clinical Guide collates the most recent work of key artificial vision research groups to explain in a comparable and stringent order their varying approaches, the clinical or preclinical outcomes and their achievements during the last years. Senior ophthalmic fellows and academic practitioners will find this guide to be an indispensable resource for understanding the current status of artificial vision.
Artificial Sight
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Author : Mark S. Humayun
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-30
Artificial Sight written by Mark S. Humayun and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-30 with Science categories.
This book describes advances in implantable neural stimulation technology to restore partial sight to people who are blind from retinal degnerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retintis pigmentosa. Many scientific, engineering, and surgical challenges must be surmounted before widespread practical applications can be realized. The book summarizes the state of research and clinical practice in the field and reviews the current ideas and approaches of its leading researchers and practitioners.
Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset To Aid The Visually Impaired And Enhanced Holed Emitter Cmos Phototransistors
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Author : Elliot McGucken
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Multiple Unit Artificial Retina Chipset To Aid The Visually Impaired And Enhanced Holed Emitter Cmos Phototransistors written by Elliot McGucken and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Eyes, Artificial categories.
Encoding Visual Features By Parallel Ganglion Cell Initiated Pathways In The Healthy Diseased And Artificial Retina
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Author : Béla Völgyi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Encoding Visual Features By Parallel Ganglion Cell Initiated Pathways In The Healthy Diseased And Artificial Retina written by Béla Völgyi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with categories.
Photons are sensed by retinal photoreceptors whose matrix-like distribution underlies the transformation of illumination patterns of the visual scene into photoreceptor activity patterns in a visuotopic fashion. Activity of neighboring photoreceptors then are compared by secondary bipolar cells to decipher information regarding luminosity- and color-contrast. Bipolar cells achieve this by comparing signals received directly from their center receptive field with those come from spatially offset surrounding receptive field areas mediated by inhibitory, sign-inverting horizontal cells. This information is ultimately sent to retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. In addition to the excitatory bipolar cell inputs, spatial and temporal features of ganglion cell activation are robustly modified by inner retinal amacrine cells through inhibitory chemical and/or excitatory electrical synaptic inputs. Ganglion cells sample various bipolar cell subtypes in their dendritic field and utilize collected inputs to generate a spike output code on luminosity-contrast, color-contrast, object motion, background motion, motion direction, changes in background illumination in a subtype specific manner. Ganglion cells in each subtype cover the retinal surface economically, thus collective information across the population provide a feature pattern and through time a feature movie to the brain. Some of these movies are utilized for image perception, whereas others are sent to accessory visual brain centers to control eye-movement, pupil contraction or circadian entrainment. A large body of information has been revealed in the past decade regarding this field, however much of the details still remain unknown or even enigmatic, including: (i) the precise description of neural circuits that serve each ganglion cell subtype to generate a specific feature movie; (ii) the estimation of the number of various ganglion cell subtypes that partake in image forming and non-image forming signaling towards the brain; (iii) the description of changes in the inputs, morphology and signaling of retinal ganglion cells when the tissue is under stress or undergoes disease related degenerative processes; (iv) the comparison of ganglion cell classes with those of the human retina and finally, (v) the practical use of all the above information to establish retina inspired visual algorithms to suit computer, drone and/or robotic vision. Therefore, research articles in this issue were collected to touch upon each of these topics and highlight recent advances of the related field.
Artificial Retina
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Author : Jirayuth Mahattanakul
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Artificial Retina written by Jirayuth Mahattanakul and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Retina categories.
Artificial Retina Chips
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Author : Charon A. Knapp-Lambert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Artificial Retina Chips written by Charon A. Knapp-Lambert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Artificial vision categories.
Artificial Vision
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Author : Amy S. Hansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Artificial Vision written by Amy S. Hansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
How surgery is performed to put in an artificial retina in the eye
Artificial Retina Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Artificial Retina Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This award supported the investigation on electromagnetic and thermal effects associated with the artificial retina, designed in collaboration with national laboratories, universities, and private companies. Our work over the two years of support under this award has focused mainly on 1) Design of new telemetry coils for optimal power and data transfer between the implant and the external device while achieving a significant size reduction with respect to currently used coils; 2) feasibility study of the virtual electrode configuration 3) study the effect of pulse shape and duration on the stimulation efficacy.
Computational Neuroengineering For Artificial Retina
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Author : Nishal Pradeepbhai Shah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Computational Neuroengineering For Artificial Retina written by Nishal Pradeepbhai Shah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
A major goal of neuroengineering is to control spiking activity at cellular resolution in a way that replicates neural code. Our context is the artificial retina, a neural interface that aims to treat blindness due to retinal degeneration by interfacing with remaining retinal ganglion cells. Using primate retina recordings from a large-scale multielectrode array as a lab prototype of the device, we study three important problems : (1) How does the retina normally respond to visual stimuli? (2) How do we use healthy retinas to predict responses in a blind retina, in spite of individual variability? (3) How can we replicate this response pattern by electrical stimulation? First, we build a model for visual encoding that incorporates non-linear spatial integration, a prevalent computational motif in neural circuits. We identify subunits that hierarchically partition the receptive field into localized components. For prosthesis application, we extend the method to find shared nonlinear substrates in cell populations and describe their role in explaining responses to natural stimulus. Second, for translating these models to restoring visual function in a blind retina, we study the variation in visual encoding across a hundred recordings from different animals. We learn a low dimensional manifold to separate individual variability from shared computations. Using the manifold, we study the covariation of response properties of different cell-types and observe surprising differences in neural encoding between males and females. The low dimensional manifold also helps in efficiently identifying the neural code in a previously unseen retina, and calibrating device function for a bilnd retina. Finally, we present an approach to replicate neural responses as accurately as possible when the interface has imperfect selectivity. By temporally multiplexing a collection of non-selective patterns, we show improved performance compared to the algorithms used by existing devices. Under simplifying assumptions, a greedy algorithm for identifying the sequence of stimulation is surprisingly close to optimal. This framework allows us to use experimental data to derive insights on the hardware design.