Ash From Coal And Biomass Combustion
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Ash From Coal And Biomass Combustion
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Author : Ashok K. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-12
Ash From Coal And Biomass Combustion written by Ashok K. Singh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is a concise book with comprehensive information on coal and biomass ash generated from their combustion in thermal power plants. It presents detailed studies on ash generated from contrasting coal and biomass feedstocks, and provides a comparative evaluation of these different ashes in terms of their origin, properties, environmental hazards. Potential utilizations with specific advantages and disadvantages of the respective ashes are elaborated in detail, including some innovative means of ash utilization for value addition purposes. By addressing both the theory and commercial exploitation of these products, this book will be helpful for industrialists, academicians and researchers alike.
Characterization And Productive Reuse Of High Carbon Content Coal And Biomass Energy Combustion Residuals
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Author : Nii Narh Nortey Yeboah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Characterization And Productive Reuse Of High Carbon Content Coal And Biomass Energy Combustion Residuals written by Nii Narh Nortey Yeboah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Biomass categories.
In recent decades, advances in low NOx coal combustion and increasingly strict CO2 reduction mandates have changed power plant boiler operations quite significantly. As a result of these necessary efforts, the characteristics of fly ash generated at many power plants have also changed. In particular, increases in unburned carbon content have been observed with detrimental implications on the utility of these fly ashes in concrete applications. Over the same time period, the combustion of biomass for energy generation has received increased attention due to the potential benefits of reducing CO2 emissions and improved sustainability when compared to fossil fuel combustion. Biomass is directly burned, gasified, or co-fired with coal to achieve this goal. Currently, close to 120 million metric tons of coal combustion by products are produced in the U.S. annually. As with coal combustion, production of energy from biomass combustion/gasification results in significant by-product generation that must either be productively reused or geologically disposed. While much research effort has been devoted to understanding the properties and potential productive reuse alternatives for coal combustion residuals, relatively little work has been done on the by-products of biomass combustion. This study investigated the properties and engineering behavior of sixteen ash samples that were produced in eleven different power plants. Specifically, three high carbon content Class F fly ashes, eight coal and biomass co-fired ashes, three pure biomass ash samples, and two high quality, low carbon content ash samples, one of which is commercially marketed (for reference) were chosen. The various ash samples were characterized by means of: electron microscopy; laser diffraction and dry sieve particle size analysis; loss on ignition and total organic carbon analysis; specific surface area analysis; as well as x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction. The ash samples were also investigated for their potential engineering application in the fired clay brick industry, as low-cost adsorptive agents, and in alkali activated geopolymer synthesis for geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Results from physical and chemical characterization of the ash samples show no significant differences between pure coal ash and coal co-fired with biomass ash samples from the same power plant. However, there are significant morphological, chemical, and mineralogical differences between coal ash and pure biomass ash. Unlike pure coal ash, biomass ash is not composed primarily of aluminosilicate glass cenospheres but rather consists mainly of charred, fibrous woody remnants with elevated calcite content as compared to coal ash. Bench scale fired bricks produced by partial replacement of clay material with high carbon coal ash, co-fired ash, and pure biomass ash, respectively, was successful. Physical properties of a number of the mix designs exceeded the highest ASTM weathering grade requirements. As sorptive agents, high carbon concentrates from coal and co-fired ash samples, along with all the biomass ash samples, showed significant uptake of lead. The unaltered as- received ash samples (i.e. no acid or steam activation) showed only moderate arsenic (V) and selenium (VI) sorption capacity. Finally, solidification/stabilization by geopolymerization of high carbon content, co-fired ash with as little as 3 molar NaOH in the activator solution was successful, possibly paving the way for various geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications in ground improvement and soil/ash-pond stabilization.
Prediction Of Ash Deposition For Biomass Combustion And Coal
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Author : Mohammed Umar Garba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Prediction Of Ash Deposition For Biomass Combustion And Coal written by Mohammed Umar Garba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
In this thesis, a model that couples a reduced alkali kinetic mechanism for alkali sulphate formation during biomass combustion with an ash deposition model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques has been presented. Starting with a detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism for the alkali chemistry, a systematic reduction procedure has been performed using a sensitivity analysis to reduce the reaction mechanism to a level that can be implemented into a CFD calculation. An ash deposition model that takes into consideration the ash-sticking probability and the condensation of potassium salts has been developed. The reduced mechanism and the deposition model developed are implemented into a CFD model to predict ash depositions in a 10 MWth biomass grate furnace. Also, a CFD model to predict the deposition rates for the co-combustion of coal with biomass has been developed. This deposition model is based on the combined sticking probabilities of the ash particle viscosity and the melting behaviour of the ash particles. A Numerical Slagging Index (NSI) is also employed to estimate the degree of the sintering of the deposits. Experimental data from the Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) at Imperial College, London, have been used to validate the models. The predicted results from both the ash deposition models agreed with the experimental measurements, and the NSI has successfully ranked the investigated coal-biomass mixtures according to their degree of sintering.
The Handbook Of Biomass Combustion And Co Firing
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Author : Jaap Koppejan
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2012-05-16
The Handbook Of Biomass Combustion And Co Firing written by Jaap Koppejan and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-16 with Nature categories.
This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems.Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion.
A Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized Coal And Biomass Combustion
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Author : Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
A Mechanistic Investigation Of Ash Deposition In Pulverized Coal And Biomass Combustion written by Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electronic dissertations categories.
This investigation details the effects of fuel constituents on ash deposition through systematic experimental and theoretical analyses of fundamental particle experiments and a suite of fuels with widely varying inorganic contents and compositions. The experiments were carried out in the Multifuel Flow Reactor (MFR) at Brigham Young University. Fuels included several biomass fuels (straw, sawdust and mixtures of straw-sawdust with other additives such as Al(OH)3, CaCO3, etc.) and four commercially-used coals (Illinois#6, Powder River Basin--Caballo and Cordero, Blind Canyon, and Lignite--Beulah Zap). The data from the series of experiments quantitatively illustrate the effects of fuel properties, physical and/or chemical, on ash deposition rate mechanisms.
Investigation Into Ash Related Issues During Co Combustion Of Coal And Biomass
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Author : Veena. A. Doshi Arun Kumar Doshi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Investigation Into Ash Related Issues During Co Combustion Of Coal And Biomass written by Veena. A. Doshi Arun Kumar Doshi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
The co-firing technology of coal with biomass has been implemented to enhance the usage of biomass in power generation, thus reducing the release of greenhouse gas emissions. This study deals with the fireside issues, namely ash-related issues that arise during co-combustion of coal and biomass takes place. Ash release from biomass can lead to ash deposition problems such as fouling and slagging on surfaces of power generation boilers. The scope of this work includes the development of a conceptual model that predicts the ash release behaviour and chemical composition of inorganics in coal and biomass when combusted. An advanced analytical method was developed and introduced in this work to determine the speciation of biomass. The method known as pH extraction analysis was used to determine the inorganic speciation in three biomass samples, namely wood chips, wood bark and straw. The speciation of biomass and coal was used as an input to the model to predict the behaviour and release of ash. It was found that the main gas phases during the combustion of biomass are KC1, NaC1, K2SO4 and Na2SO4. Gas-to-particle formation calculations were carried out to determine the chemical composition of coal and biomass when cooling takes place in the boiler. The results obtained in this work can be used in future work to determine the ash deposition of coal and biomass in boilers.
Solid Biofuels For Energy
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Author : Panagiotis Grammelis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-22
Solid Biofuels For Energy written by Panagiotis Grammelis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation and heating, creating greenhouse gas emissions and other toxic pollutants, which should be minimised according to the most recent environmental legislation. The utilisation of solid fuels with biogenic origin could contribute to the minimisation of these emissions. Solid Biofuels for Energy presents the current status of the engineering disciplines in this specific area, providing an improved background on the energy exploitation options of solid biomass. Within this framework, all thematic priorities related to the solid bioenergy potential and standardisation, commercialised and emerging energy technologies, and quality of solid residues are presented. Special attention has been given to biomass co-firing with coal, since it has the highest potential for commercial application, while combustion and gasification are more promising for units of medium to small scale. This strong practical focus is evident throughout the book, particularly in discussions of: • international standards for solid biofuel specifications; • supply, cost and sustainability of solid biofuels; • technical issues and non-technical barriers in biomass/coal co-firing; and • biomass combustion and gasification characteristics. Solid Biofuels for Energy is an informative reference, written for researchers and postgraduate students working in the field of biomass. It can also be a useful guide for chemical and mechanical engineers, involved in the environment and energy production sectors.
Combustion Residues
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Author : Michael Cox
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-05-27
Combustion Residues written by Michael Cox and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-27 with Science categories.
The first book on novel products derived from the new generation of combustion ashes, Combustion Residues —Sustainable Applications discusses the nature of ashes derived from coal co-combustion, biomass, and other fuels in traditional and stand-alone power plants and municipal waste incinerators. In addition, the book examines the development of novel commercial products incorporating such ashes, including the importance of technical and environmental standards, marketing strategies, and promotion.
Trace Elements In Coal And Coal Combustion Residues
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Author : Robert F. Keefer
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1993-09-27
Trace Elements In Coal And Coal Combustion Residues written by Robert F. Keefer and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-09-27 with Science categories.
Trace Elements in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues focuses on trace metal chemistry of coal and coal combustion residues. Special emphasis is placed on management of coal combustion residues in electric power plants and the influence of coal and associated residues on soils, plants, water, and animals. Topics covered include a brief summary of research sponsored by Electric Power Research Institute, environmental pollution from coal combustion plants in low-rainfall regions, accumulation of trace elements in freshwater mussels near a power plant, testing to evaluate fossil fuel wastes by chemicals and isotopes, transport of metals from coal piles and ash impoundments, leachability and toxicity of metals in fly ash, and plant absorption of chemicals from ash. The book will be a useful reference for environmental and reclamation consultants, environmental engineers, toxicologists, environmental regulatory personnel, officials with electric power utilities and water treatment plants, and soil scientists.
Impact Of Mineral Impurities In Solid Fuel Combustion
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Author : R. Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-08
Impact Of Mineral Impurities In Solid Fuel Combustion written by R. Gupta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-08 with Science categories.
This book contains papers presented at the Engineering Foundation Conference on mineral matter in fuels held on November 2-7, 1997 in Kona, Hawaii. The conference is one of a continuing series that was initiated by the CEGB Mar- wood Engineering Laboratories in 1963. The conference was to be eventually organised by the Engineering Foundation as the need for multi-disciplinary work related to c- trolling ash effects in combustors became apparent. The conference covers both the science and the applications. The papers also present case histories, particularly for current fuel technologies, developments in advanced technologies for power generation and mathematical modelling of these processes. Developments since 1963 have been slow, but steady, due to the complexity of the chemical and physical processes involved. However, the research presented here displays great improvement in our understanding of the mechanisms by which mineral matter will influence fuel use. Steve Benson from EERC presented a review and current status of issues related to ash deposition in coal combustion and gasification. The application of new analytical tools, which have been detailed in the previous conferences, is presented. These include CCSEM, as well as new techniques for char- terising sintering of ash, such as TMA, image analysis, X-ray diffraction crystallography and thermal analysis. The new analytical techniques were extended to encompass widely differing fuels such as biomass. Ole H Larsen from ELSAM Denmark presented a review of these advanced techniques.