Aspects Of Earthquake Triggering And Seismicity Clustering

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Aspects Of Earthquake Triggering And Seismicity Clustering

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Author : Xiaowei Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Aspects Of Earthquake Triggering And Seismicity Clustering written by Xiaowei Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Earthquakes strongly cluster in space and time, driven both by earthquake-to-earthquake triggering and underlying physical processes, such as tectonic stress loading, increased pore pressure, etc. I explore both global and regional datasets to understand characteristics of these processes in different tectonic environments. I study global seismicity using intermediate-period (35--70~s) Rayleigh waves recorded by the global seismic network. Applying a surface wave detect method identifies about 1000 previously un-cataloged earthquakes from 1997 to 2009, most of which are located in the southern ocean. I further analyze a small number of these events that are located in Antarctica to understand glacial-related triggering processes. Absolute and differential travel-times measured from waveform cross-correlation are used to obtain refined locations. A single-force model is applied to the observed amplitudes at 50~Hz to obtain best-fitting force directions. Additionally, possible glacial calving events are identified from MODIS images. The combined results suggest that events on Vanderford and Ninnis glaciers are a result of calving processes. To understand the general characteristics of earthquake clustering from a large dataset of earthquakes, I analyze seismicity in southern California. I use a high-resolution earthquake catalog based on waveform cross-correlation to study the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquakes. Parameters based on event location, magnitude and occurrence time are computed for isolated seismicity clusters. Spatial migration behavior is modeled using a weighted-least-squares method. Aftershock-like event clusters do not exhibit significant spatial migration compared with earthquake swarms. Two triggering processes are considered for swarms: slow slip and fluid diffusion, which are distinguished based on a statistical analysis of event migration. The results suggest fluid-induced seismicity is found across southern California, particularly within geothermal areas. In the Salton Sea geothermal field (SSGF), a correlation between seismicity and fluid injection activities is seen. Spatial-temporal variations of earthquake stress drops are investigated in different regions, and a distance-dependence of stress drop from the injection source is found in the SSGF, suggesting the influence of increased pore pressure. Temporal variation of stress drops within mainshock source regions shows that foreshocks and earthquake swarms have lower stress drops than background seismicity and aftershocks. These results, combined with the spatial migration observed for some large foreshock sequences, suggests an aseismic transient process is likely involved in foreshock triggering.

Earthquake Triggering And Interaction

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Author : Sebastian Hainzl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Earthquake Triggering And Interaction written by Sebastian Hainzl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

Earthquake faults interact with each other in many different ways and hence earthquakes cannot be treated as individual independent events. Although earthquake interactions generally lead to a complex evolution of the crustal stress field, it does not necessarily mean that the earthquake occurrence becomes random and completely unpredictable. In particular, the interplay between earthquakes can rather explain the occurrence of pronounced characteristics such as periods of accelerated and depressed seismicity (seismic quiescence) as well as spatiotemporal earthquake clustering (swarms and aftershock sequences). Ignoring the time-dependence of the process by looking at time-averaged values as largely done in standard procedures of seismic hazard assessment can thus lead to erroneous estimations not only of the activity level of future earthquakes but also of their spatial distribution. Therefore, it exists an urgent need for applicable time-dependent models. In my work, I aimed at better understanding and characterization of the earthquake interactions in order to improve seismic hazard estimations. For this purpose, I studied seismicity patterns on spatial scales ranging from hydraulic fracture experiments (meter to kilometer) to fault system size (hundreds of kilometers), while the temporal scale of interest varied from the immediate aftershock activity (minutes to months) to seismic cycles (tens to thousands of years). My studies revealed a number of new characteristics of fluid-induced and stress-triggered earthquake clustering as well as precursory phenomena in earthquake cycles. Data analysis of earthquake and deformation data were accompanied by statistical and physics-based model simulations which allow a better understanding of the role of structural heterogeneities, stress changes, afterslip and fluid flow. Finally, new strategies and methods have been developed and tested which help to improve seismic hazard estimations by taking the time-dependence of the earthquake process appropriately into account.

Aspects Of Seismicity Clustering Subsurface Structure And Stress Orientations

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Author : Angie Ortega Romo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Aspects Of Seismicity Clustering Subsurface Structure And Stress Orientations written by Angie Ortega Romo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Geophysics categories.

Earthquake Triggering

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Author : Nazli Moez Nomanbhoy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998

Earthquake Triggering written by Nazli Moez Nomanbhoy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.

Synchronization And Triggering From Fracture To Earthquake Processes

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Author : Valerio de Rubeis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-11

Synchronization And Triggering From Fracture To Earthquake Processes written by Valerio de Rubeis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-11 with Science categories.

Processes of synchronization and interaction play a very special role in different physical problems concerning the dynamics of the Earth’s interior; they are of particular importance in the study of seismic phenomena, and their complexity is strongly affected by the variety of geological structures and inhomogeneities of the medium that hamper the course of these processes and their intensity. The attempt to tackle these problems is a great challenge from experimental, observational and theoretical point of view. We present in this Monograph the theoretical and experimental results achieved in the frame of the European Project “Triggering and synchronization of seismic/ acoustic events by weak external forcing as a sign of approaching the critical point” (INTAS Ref. Nr 05-1000008-7889); in this Project, which was inspired by Professor Tamaz Chelidze, our aim was to give grounds for better understanding and interpretation of dynamical interactive processes of physical ?elds, both found in the laboratory experiments as well as in ?eld observations. One of the leading problems – related to synchronization and interaction of different physical ?elds in fracture processes concerns triggering and initiation of rupture and displa- ments within the Earth interior. From this point of view, the results from laboratory studies on synchronization and interaction and those found and involved in ?eld observations, helped to improve the theoretical background. Reversely, some of the presented new theoretical approaches have served to stimulate laboratory and ?eld studies.

Earthquake Occurrence

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Author : Rodolfo Console
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Earthquake Occurrence written by Rodolfo Console and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Earthquake prediction categories.

'Earthquake Occurrence' provides the reader with a review of algorithms applicable for modelling seismicity, such as short-term earthquake clustering and pseudo-periodic long-term behaviour of major earthquakes. The concept of the likelihood ratio of a set of observations under different hypotheses is applied for comparison among various models. In short-term models, known by the term ETAS, the occurrence space and time rate density of earthquakes is modelled as the sum of two terms, one representing the independent or spontaneous events, and the other representing the activity triggered by previous earthquakes. Examples of the application of such algorithms in real cases are also reported. The book also introduces a number of computer codes developed by the authors over decades of seismological research.

Fault Morphology Obtained From Clusters Of Aftershocks With Applications To Earthquake Triggering

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Author : Brennan Ray Brunsvik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Fault Morphology Obtained From Clusters Of Aftershocks With Applications To Earthquake Triggering written by Brennan Ray Brunsvik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Earthquakes categories.

Statistical Methods And Modeling Of Seismogenesis

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Author : Nikolaos Limnios
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-03-31

Statistical Methods And Modeling Of Seismogenesis written by Nikolaos Limnios and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-31 with Social Science categories.

The study of earthquakes is a multidisciplinary field, an amalgam of geodynamics, mathematics, engineering and more. The overriding commonality between them all is the presence of natural randomness. Stochastic studies (probability, stochastic processes and statistics) can be of different types, for example, the black box approach (one state), the white box approach (multi-state), the simulation of different aspects, and so on. This book has the advantage of bringing together a group of international authors, known for their earthquake-specific approaches, to cover a wide array of these myriad aspects. A variety of topics are presented, including statistical nonparametric and parametric methods, a multi-state system approach, earthquake simulators, post-seismic activity models, time series Markov models with regression, scaling properties and multifractal approaches, selfcorrecting models, the linked stress release model, Markovian arrival models, Poisson-based detection techniques, change point detection techniques on seismicity models, and, finally, semi-Markov models for earthquake forecasting.

Mechanics Of Earthquake Faulting

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Author : A. Bizzarri
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2019-07-19

Mechanics Of Earthquake Faulting written by A. Bizzarri and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-19 with Science categories.

The mechanics of earthquake faulting is a multi-disciplinary scientific approach combining laboratory inferences and mathematical models with the analysis of recorded data from earthquakes, and is essential to the understanding of these potentially destructive events. The modern field of study can be said to have begun with the seminal papers by B. V. Kostrov in 1964 and 1966. This book presents lectures delivered at the summer school ‘The Mechanics of Earthquake Faulting’, held under the umbrella of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics in Varenna, Italy, from 2 to 7 July 2018. The school was attended by speakers and participants from many countries. One of the most important goals of the school was to present the state-of-the-art of the physics of earthquakes, and the 10 lectures included here cover the most challenging aspects of the mechanics of faulting. The topics covered during the school give a very clear picture of the current state of the art of the physics of earthquake ruptures and also highlight the open issues and questions that are still under debate, and the book will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Complexity Of Seismic Time Series

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Author : Tamaz Chelidze
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-05-21

Complexity Of Seismic Time Series written by Tamaz Chelidze and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-21 with Science categories.

Complexity of Seismic Time Series: Measurement and Application applies the tools of nonlinear dynamics to seismic analysis, allowing for the revelation of new details in micro-seismicity, new perspectives in seismic noise, and new tools for prediction of seismic events. The book summarizes both advances and applications in the field, thus meeting the needs of both fundamental and practical seismology. Merging the needs of the classical field and the very modern terms of complexity science, this book covers theory and its application to advanced nonlinear time series tools to investigate Earth’s vibrations, making it a valuable tool for seismologists, hazard managers and engineers. Covers the topic of Earth’s vibrations involving many different aspects of theoretical and observational seismology Identifies applications of advanced nonlinear time series tools for the characterization of these Earth’s signals Merges the needs of geophysics with the applications of complexity theory Describes different methodologies to analyze problems, not only in the context of geosciences, but also those associated with different complex systems across disciplines