Assessment Of Gene Retail Food Environment Interactions On Diet And Obesity Related Outcomes
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Assessment Of Gene Retail Food Environment Interactions On Diet And Obesity Related Outcomes
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Author : Yang Han
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Assessment Of Gene Retail Food Environment Interactions On Diet And Obesity Related Outcomes written by Yang Han and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
"Background The role of the food environment in obesity risk is unclear, which may be due in part to imprecision in food environment measurements and lack of consideration of individual differences in responsivity to food cues encountered in the food environment. We aimed to assess interactions between neighbourhood in-store retail food measures and two genetic factors, polygenic risk score and DRD4 gene expression, on diet and adiposity outcomes. Methods Genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric data were obtained from CARTaGENE biobank comprised of men and women who are representative of middle-aged adults in Quebec (n=3,718). Data from the CARTaGENE biobank were then geotemporally linked to in-store retail food marketing data based on the forward sortation area and year quarter of data collection. A ratio variable of vegetables to soft drink data was calculated for retail categories (in-store displays, price/discount, and variety) to estimate the relative healthfulness of retail exposures. Genetic risk of obesity was assessed with a 97 single nucleotide polymorphism polygenic risk score (PRS). High and low (median split) prefrontal DRD4 expression (pDRD4) was estimated using genome-wide genotyping data and the PrediXcan method. Dietary outcomes included the Canadian-adapted Healthy Eating Index 2010 and its individual components. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate main and interactive effects between retail exposures and two genetics factor (PRS and pDRD4) on dietary and anthropometric outcomes. Models were adjusted for both individual-level (age, sex, first three components of ancestry, household income, marital status, education, smoking status, physical activity, energy misreporter status, language, season of participation) and neighbourhood-level socio-demographic factors (population density, immigration rate, employment rate, high school completion).Findings A significant interaction between PRS and regular price was observed, such that the positive association between PRS and waist circumference was strengthened with increasing price of vegetables in relation to soft drinks (0.7 cm, 95% CI (0.1,1.3); p=0.0308). Male-specific interactions were observed between pDRD4 and in-store display of vegetables in relation to soft drinks. With increasing exposure (more healthful), participants with high pDRD4 had significantly higher intake of fruits and vegetables (0.41 servings/day, 95% CI (0.22, 0.59); p
Fat Detection
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Author : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Medical categories.
Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
The Retail Food Environment In Relation To Socio Economic Characteristics Weight Status And Diabetes
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Author : Yavgenia Jane Polsky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Retail Food Environment In Relation To Socio Economic Characteristics Weight Status And Diabetes written by Yavgenia Jane Polsky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The food environment is drawing increasing attention as an important population-level determinant of diet, obesity and related health outcomes. Using retail food data sourced from a commercial database, we examined several dimensions of the local retail food environment in relation to area socio-economic characteristics, and weight status and diabetes risk among adult residents of three urban regions in southern Ontario. The first study showed that local access to different types of food retail was patterned by level of neighbourhood material deprivation. More deprived neighbourhoods generally provided better access to stores and restaurants of all types, including those selling more or less healthful foods. These patterns were partially explained by urban form factors. Relative access to unhealthy food retailers (as a proportion of all outlets) showed little variation by level of neighbourhood material deprivation. In the second study, we found that measures of absolute and relative availability of different types of restaurants (volume and proportion) within walking distance of residential areas had differential effects on the weight status of local residents. We also identified a novel interaction between absolute and relative restaurant measures, whereby exposure to a higher proportion of fast-food relative to all restaurants was directly related to excess weight, particularly in areas with high volumes of fast-food restaurants (e.g. odds ratio for obesity=2.55 in areas with 5+ fast-food restaurants, 95% confidence interval: 1.55-4.17, across the interquartile range). The third study showed a similar synergistic effect between absolute and relative dimensions of fast-food restaurant exposure in relation to the development of diabetes. Among younger adults (20-65 years), a greater proportion of fast-food restaurants was directly associated with incident diabetes after adjustment for individual- and area-level covariates, but only in areas with high volumes of fast-food outlets (hazard ratio=1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.12, across the interquartile range). No significant associations were observed in areas with low volumes of fast food or among older adults. This dissertation contributes to a better understanding of how different aspects of the retail food environment relate to health, which may help to guide the design of programs and policies to create healthier and more equitable food environments.
Genes Behavior And The Social Environment
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-12-07
Genes Behavior And The Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-07 with Social Science categories.
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Obesogenic Environments
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Author : Amelia Lake
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-06-09
Obesogenic Environments written by Amelia Lake and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-09 with Health & Fitness categories.
In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if society, public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. The obesogenic environment describes all the possible influences that our environment presents which encourage overweight and obesity in individuals and populations. Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing, the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and the environment, the urban environment, methods, policy and future research directions. Brings together expertise from across a range of disciplines Written by a truly multidisciplinary team of international authors Presents some of the most innovative thinking in the battle against obesity This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of experts with backgrounds in nutrition and dietetics, policy, epidemiology, environmental sciences, medical sciences, town planning and urban design, transport, geography and physical activity in order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions.
Local Food Environments
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Author : Kimberly B. Morland
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-04-19
Local Food Environments written by Kimberly B. Morland and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-19 with Medical categories.
"In this book, Morland, Lehmann, and Karpyn discuss the critical need for healthy food financing programs as a vehicle to improve food access for all Americans. In my career as a public servant, there are very few legislative achievements that I’m prouder of than the Healthy Food Financing Initiative, which started in my home state of Pennsylvania. The program gained status as a proven and economically sustainable federal program that is helping to improve the quality of life in our neighborhoods: by allowing millions access to healthy, affordable food." – Congressman Dwight Evans United States House of Representatives, Pennsylvania, District 3 "If we work together, we can create a healthy food system that is equitable and accessible to all. This book highlights the importance of healthy food projects like grocery stores, farmers markets, co-ops, and other healthy food retail in revitalizing local communities across the country. Without basic nourishment, kids and families simply won’t be successful – which is why this book is a must read." – Sam Kass President Obama’s Senior Nutrition Policy Advisor and Executive Director of Let’s Move! "Morland and colleagues’ new second edition provides an excellent foundation for courses in food policy and community nutrition. Their detailed review of the economics of local and national food financing will open students’ minds to the complexity inherent in measuring and interpreting outcomes." – Robert S. Lawrence, MD, MACP Founder and Former Director of the Center for a Livable Future Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health Features ● Describes how disparities in food access formed in the United States ● Includes federal policies and programs aimed at addressing food access in underserved areas, including the Healthy Food Financing Initiative ● Features examples of state initiatives that address poor access to food retailers ● Provides methods for program evaluation utilizing principals of implementation and dissemination science ● Includes critical thinking questions and embedded videos aimed to generate discussions on how restricted local food environments in the United States are rooted in economic disparities that impact food access as well as housing, education, and job opportunities
Weight Management
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-12-01
Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-01 with Medical categories.
The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
The Public Health Effects Of Food Deserts
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-07-02
The Public Health Effects Of Food Deserts written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-02 with Medical categories.
In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.
Investigating Gene Gene And Gene Environment Interactions In The Association Between Overnutrition And Obesity Related Phenotypes
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Author : François Tessier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Investigating Gene Gene And Gene Environment Interactions In The Association Between Overnutrition And Obesity Related Phenotypes written by François Tessier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Introduction - Animal studies suggested that NFKB1, SOCS3 and IKBKB genes could be involved in the association between overnutrition and obesity. This study aims to investigate interactions involving these genes and nutrition affecting obesity-related phenotypes. Methods - We used multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and penalized logistic regression (PLR) to better detect gene/environment interactions in data from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study (n=1639) using dichotomized body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as obesity-related phenotypes. Exposure variables included genotypes on 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms, dietary factors and ethnicity. Results - MDR identified interactions between SOCS3 rs6501199 and rs4969172, and IKBKB rs3747811 affecting BMI in whites; SOCS3 rs6501199 and NFKB1 rs1609798 affecting WC in whites; and SOCS3 rs4436839 and IKBKB rs3747811 affecting WC in South Asians. PLR found a main effect of SOCS3 rs12944581 on BMI among South Asians. Conclusion - MDR and PLR gave different results, but support some results from previous studies.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5
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Author : Dorairaj Prabhakaran
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-17
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-17 with Medical categories.
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.