Assessment Of Perforated Unreinforced Masonry Walls Responding In Plane
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Assessment Of Perforated Unreinforced Masonry Walls Responding In Plane
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Author : Charlotte Louise Knox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Assessment Of Perforated Unreinforced Masonry Walls Responding In Plane written by Charlotte Louise Knox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Buildings categories.
The research presented in this thesis describes the seismic assessment of perforated unreinforced masonry (URM) walls subjected to in-plane loading through accurate analysis of the wall lateral capacity and seismic demand. Current assessment methods for determining the capacity of perforated URM walls loaded in-plane, as outlined in the New Zealand guideline document (NZSEE 2006), are based on the assumption of infinitely rigid spandrel elements. From observations of damage after the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, this assumption has been proven to be invalid for certain perforated wall geometries. The research reported in this thesis was conducted with the primary aim of developing a practitioner focused assessment tool that accurately captured the global and local response of a perforated URM wall, with an emphasis placed on defining the influence of the spandrel geometry on the system level response of perforated URM walls responding in-plane. Pseudo-static cyclic testing of six full-scale pier-spandrel substructures and a two storey half-scale isolated perforated URM wall was conducted to investigate the variables which control spandrel failure mode and the influence of spandrel failure on the lateral capacity of multi-storey URM walls. Testing showed that the behaviour of the spandrel has a significant effect on the failure mode of the piers and hence the strength, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the system. A non-linear Equivalent Frame modelling method for perforated URM walls using the structural analysis software SAP2000 was appropriately validated using modelling results and experimental data. Spandrel behaviour was included within the modelling through the use of a moment-axial failure domain and a shear-axial relationship. Finally, a modified linear elastic procedure for assessing the demand on the in_ plane loaded walls of URM buildings with flexible diaphragms was developed and validated through the use of non-linear time history modelling.
Characterisation And Seismic Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings
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Author : Alistair Peter Russell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Characterisation And Seismic Assessment Of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings written by Alistair Peter Russell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Brick walls categories.
Seismic Assessment Of Out Of Plane Loaded Unreinforced Masonry Walls
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Author : Hossein Derakhshan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Seismic Assessment Of Out Of Plane Loaded Unreinforced Masonry Walls written by Hossein Derakhshan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Buildings categories.
This thesis investigates the behaviour of URM walls subjected to out-of-plane seismic forces, and the study is focused primarily on single-storey and two-storey one-way spanning walls connected to flexible diaphragms. Expressions that describe the intermediate-height cracking of out-of-plane loaded one-way spanning URM walls were formulated, and wall force-displacement behaviour and the sensitivity to various parameters were studied. Crack height was identified to be particularly sensitive to low values of masonry bond strength and/or to low values of applied overburden. Crack height was found to have significant effects on both wall instability displacement and lateral resistance. A comprehensive quasi-static testing programme was developed by subjecting full-scale two-leaf and three-leaf URM walls to out-of-plane uniform forces. The objective of the tests was to develop an idealised predictive model for the out-of-plane behaviour of URM walls, by accounting the effects of different mortar mixes, multi-leaf construction and overburden loads. An in-field out-of-plane pushover testing programme was next completed, and some of the key questions about actual wall performance were answered. Wall support types and characteristics and their effect on wall behaviour were investigated by testing multiple walls having different support configurations, which included timber diaphragms, concrete ring beam, and grouted steel anchorage bars. The effect of plaster and wall finishings was investigated, and the conditions upon which the previously developed idealised predictive model had acceptable results were determined. A simplified reduced-degree-of-freedom numerical model was developed to study the dynamic behaviour of URM walls, with critical requirements of the model being an ability to account for the effects of flexible supports and an ability to predict the behaviour of two-storey walls. An existing assessment procedure for seismic assessment of out-of-plane loaded URM walls was reviewed in detail, an alternative methodology for wall assessment was introduced, and seismic assessment charts were presented for single-storey and two-storey walls.
Earthquake Resistant Design Of Masonry Buildings
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Author : Miha Tomazevic
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1999-07-05
Earthquake Resistant Design Of Masonry Buildings written by Miha Tomazevic and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the last few decades, a considerable amount of experimental and analytical research on the seismic behaviour of masonry walls and buildings has been carried out. The investigations resulted in the development of methods for seismic analysis and design, as well as new technologies and construction systems. After many centuries of traditional use and decades of allowable stress design, clear concepts for limit state verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading have recently been introduced in codes of practice.Although this book is not a review of the state-of-the-art of masonry structures in earthquake zones, an attempt has been made to balance the discussion on recent code requirements, state-of-the-art methods of earthquake-resistant design and the author's research work, in order to render the book useful for a broader application in design practice. An attempt has also been made to present, in a condensed but easy to understand way, all the information needed for earthquake-resistant design of masonry buildings constructed using traditional systems. The basic concepts of limit state verification are presented and equations for seismic resistance verification of masonry walls of all types of construction, (unreinforced, confined and reinforced) as well as masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames, are addressed. A method for seismic resistance verification, compatible with recent code requirements, is also discussed. In all cases, experimental results are used to explain the proposed methods and equations.An important part of this book is dedicated to the discussion of the problems of repair, retrofit and rehabilitation of existing masonry buildings, including historical structures in urban centres. Methods of strengthening masonry walls as well as improving the structural integrity of existing buildings are described in detail. Wherever possible, experimental evidence regarding the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening methods is given.
Seismic Assessment And Retrofit Of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials
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Author : Hamid Mahmood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Seismic Assessment And Retrofit Of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer Materials written by Hamid Mahmood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Masonry categories.
The research in this thesis was conducted with the primary aims of seismically assessing the current stock of Pakistan unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings and investigating seismic retrofit of New Zealand URM buildings using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. Seismic assessment of Pakistan URM buildings was conducted by adopting three international rapid evaluation methods for Pakistan conditions. Assessment case studies of major cities of Pakistan were performed and it was concluded that the New Zealand method is applicable with certain modifications to Pakistan URM buildings. The focus of the second part of this research was on seismic retrofit of in-plane loaded walls, that are likely to fail in a shear mode, as such failures are commonly observed in earthquakes. FRP materials have become popular in recent years, but limited test data, and design guidelines exist for their use on URM walls. The experimental part of this included seventeen monotonic diagonal compression tests, six reverse cyclic diagonal compression tests, and six horizontal shear tests on unretrofitted and FRP-retrofitted walls. The research showed that FRP is highly effective in increasing shear strength, pseudo-ductility and toughness, which are important parameters in seismic design. Horizontal shear tests on flanged walls, with realistic boundary conditions, confirmed the effectiveness of FRP for enhancement of shear strength of URM. Simple finite element (FE) models were presented in this research using a commercial FE software. The models were effective in simulating the behaviour and shear stress of wallettes retrofitted with full surface fabrics and strips that were oriented along the wallette diagonals. A guide for the design of in-plane loaded walls that are retrofitted with externally bonded FRP materials was presented. Design expressions were developed from the basic principle and were correlated to the experimental results. Design examples were also included.
In Plane Shear Investigation On Masonry Walls
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Author : Shane Chandler Morrison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
In Plane Shear Investigation On Masonry Walls written by Shane Chandler Morrison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Concrete masonry categories.
Analysis has been performed on approximately 200 shear walls of various masonry types, reinforcement, and grouting scenarios to determine the trends of various wall parameters to strength. The database is assembled from that belonging to researchers over the last 30 years. Strut-and-tie methods from current concrete codes are employed and new methods proposed to calculate the in-plane shear strength of masonry walls. In addition, a simplified method based upon strut-and-tie methodology is presented to calculate the masonry contribution to the in-plane strength of these walls, with contributions from axial load and horizontal reinforcement based upon past data and efficiency of reinforcement, respectively. The proposed strut-and-tie model was validated by the use of structural analysis and finite element software. Out of 35 fully grouted walls from the database and 13 finite element walls constructed with a macro-model approach, strength calculations produced an average Ve̳x̳p̳̳/Vp̳r̳e̳d̳̳[experimental shear strength/predicted shear strength] of 1.63 with a coefficient of variation [COV] of 0.26, while 23 partially grouted walls from the database along with 12 finite element analysis walls produced an average of 1.44 with COV of 0.25. Average Ve̳x̳p̳̳/Vp̳r̳e̳d̳̳ for 108 clay and concrete walls utilizing the simplified strut-and-tie method is 1.25 with a COV of 0.24 for fully grouted walls and 1.17 with a COV of 0.31 for 87 partially grouted walls. A shear friction equation is proposed in which the contribution to friction from applied normal force and vertical reinforcement are separated. The coefficient from applied normal force is obtained from previous unreinforced masonry tests and from inclined plane tests that examined various degrees of surface roughness. A coefficient of friction of 0.80 is proposed for this contribution. The contribution of vertical reinforcement perpendicular to the sliding surface was obtained based upon previously reported dowel tests. A value of 0.45 is proposed. The proposed model is compared to full-scale wall tests and was found to decrease the variability in prediction by almost a factor of two for concrete masonry over models that combine both the axial load and steel contribution terms and utilize only one coefficient.
Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings For Seismic Performance
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Author : Mark Aschheim
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-04-05
Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings For Seismic Performance written by Mark Aschheim and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The costs of inadequate earthquake engineering are huge, especially for reinforced concrete buildings. This book presents the principles of earthquake-resistant structural engineering, and uses the latest tools and techniques to give practical design guidance to address single or multiple seismic performance levels. It presents an elegant, simple and theoretically coherent design framework. Required strength is determined on the basis of an estimated yield displacement and desired limits of system ductility and drift demands. A simple deterministic approach is presented along with its elaboration into a probabilistic treatment that allows for design to limit annual probabilities of failure. The design method allows the seismic force resisting system to be designed on the basis of elastic analysis results, while nonlinear analysis is used for performance verification. Detailing requirements of ACI 318 and Eurocode 8 are presented. Students will benefit from the coverage of seismology, structural dynamics, reinforced concrete, and capacity design approaches, which allows the book to be used as a foundation text in earthquake engineering.
Structural Masonry
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Author : Rots
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Structural Masonry written by Rots and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text provides a basis for a standardized approach to structural masonry, using an integration of experimental and computational techniques. Accurate displacement-controlled materials experiments have produced an extensive database of strength, stiffness and softening properties for tension, compression and shear, and this data has been transferred into numerical models for simulating the deformational behaviour of masonry structures. The models have been implemented into finite and distinct element codes and have subsequently been verified against shear wall experiments and analytical solutions for masonry parts.
Epb Methodology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Epb Methodology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Buildings categories.
Seismic Rehabilitation Of Buildings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1993-07
Seismic Rehabilitation Of Buildings written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-07 with categories.