Assessment Of Risk To Non Target Macro Moths After Btk Application To Asian Gypsy Moth In The Cape Fear Region Of North Carolina
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Assessment Of Risk To Non Target Macro Moths After Btk Application To Asian Gypsy Moth In The Cape Fear Region Of North Carolina
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Author : Stephen P. Hall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Assessment Of Risk To Non Target Macro Moths After Btk Application To Asian Gypsy Moth In The Cape Fear Region Of North Carolina written by Stephen P. Hall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bacillus thuringiensis categories.
Assessment Of Risk To Non Target Macro Moths After Btk Application To Asian Gypsy Moth In The Cape Fear Region Of North Carolina
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Author : Stephen P. Hall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Assessment Of Risk To Non Target Macro Moths After Btk Application To Asian Gypsy Moth In The Cape Fear Region Of North Carolina written by Stephen P. Hall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bacillus thuringiensis categories.
Genetically Modified Organisms In Agriculture
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Author : Gerald C. Nelson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2001-03-22
Genetically Modified Organisms In Agriculture written by Gerald C. Nelson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Genetically modified crops have become a topic of great interest among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and politicians. Despite their potential benefits, public hostility toward these crops is causing dramatic changes to import/export policies, food safety regulations, and agricultural practices around the world. Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and a balanced look at the costs and benefits of GMO products. Part I reviews the scientific, economic, and political issues relating to the use of agricultural GMOs. Chapters cover specific applications, regulatory concerns, import/export patterns, international trade issues, and a discussion of future trends. Part II offers a unique look at all sides of the GMO controversies, with short chapters contributed by leading individuals with widely different perspectives. Part III presents a more in-depth look at selected issues plus helpful reference materials. This book makes the latest information on GMOs accessible to all interested parties, including students, laypeople, scientists, activists, and professionals working in related fields. * Additional detailed footnotes and references for the academic * International contributions from the US, Europe and India * Covers the perspectives of different groups involved in the controversies: governments, environmental agencies, consumers, industrial agencies and the developing world
Bibliography Of Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Bibliography Of Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Agriculture categories.
Effects Of Temperature On Development And Fitness Of Asian Gypsy Moth And The Biocontrol Agent Of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Scymnus Camptodromus
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Author : Samita Limbu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Effects Of Temperature On Development And Fitness Of Asian Gypsy Moth And The Biocontrol Agent Of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Scymnus Camptodromus written by Samita Limbu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The recent rise in mean annual temperature along with growth and advancement in international trade have accelerated the rate of invasion by exotic species throughout the world. Around 50,000 non-native species have been estimated to be introduced into the US (Pimental et al. 2004). Exotic species have often become pests and have caused substantial disturbances to forest and agricultural ecosystem, threatened the biodiversity, and has the potential for severe economic impacts. Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) are examples of two non-native insects that have seriously threatened urban and forest ecosystem in the US. Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) since its initial introduction has steadily expanded its range in the eastern US and caused extensive damage to hemlock stands. This insect is now considered as the single most important threat to native hemlock stands in the eastern US. Similarly, gypsy moth is a major defoliator of numerous tree species in most of the northern hemisphere. In North America, the gypsy moth of European origin has been present for over 145 years and has decimated hardwood forests. Recently, introductions of Asian subspecies of L. dispar have been detected in North America potentially through international trade and it is considered a greater threat to the commercial and urban forest than the European counterparts.Not all non-native species have a negative impact because most of them do not survive in a new environment. Environmental barriers can prevent introduced species from establishing in a new location. Thus, invasion success is more likely when climatic conditions in the introduced area are similar to the native habitat of the exotic species (Walther et al. 2009). Because insect is ectotherms, temperature has a significant impact on their survival. Understanding the potential of the non-native species to colonize and establish in a new environment requires a thorough knowledge on effects of temperature on the life history of the insect. We examined the effects of temperature on growth, development and fitness of two insect species: Scymnus camptodromus and Asian gypsy moth. In an attempt to control HWA population in the eastern US, several predators were introduced from outside the pests native range and Scymnus (Neopullus) camptodromus Yu and Liu (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was one of them. It is a predacious lady beetle brought to the US from China as one of the potential biological control agents of HWA. The lady beetles phenology is closely synchronized with that of HWA and has several characteristics of a promising biological control agent. As a prerequisite to field release, we first evaluated the potential non-target impacts of S. camptodromus. In host range studies, the predator was given the choice of adelgid and non-adelgid prey items. Non-target testing showed that S. camptodromus will feed to some degree on other adelgid species, but highly prefers HWA. We also evaluated the larval development of the predator on other adelgid species and only a small proportion of predator larvae were able to develop to adulthood. S. camptodromus showed minimum interest in feeding on the non-adelgid species tested in choice and no-choice experiments. S. camptodromus females did not oviposit on any host material other than HWA infested hemlock. Under the circumstances of the study, S. camptodromus appears to be a specific predator of HWA, with minimal risk to non-target species. We also evaluated the effect of temperature on S. camptodromus larval development time and predation by instar and strain (geographical population). We observed that temperature had significant effects on the predator's life history. The larvae tended to develop faster and consume more eggs of HWA per day as rearing temperature increased. Mean egg consumption per day of HWA was significantly less at 15 than at 20 C. However, since larvae took longer to develop at the lower temperature, the total number of eggs consumed per instar during larval development did not differ significantly between the two temperatures. The lower temperature threshold for predator larval development was estimated to be 5 C and the accumulated degree-days for 50% of the predator neonates to reach adulthood were estimated to be 424. Although temperature had a significant effect on larval development and predation, it did not impact survival, size or sex ratio of the predator at 15 and 20 C. Furthermore, no remarkable distinctions were observed among different geographical populations of the predator. These findings on developmental rates, degree-day requirements, and predator consumption provide baseline data for developing mass rearing procedures and planning field releases of S. camptodromus. For Asian gypsy moth, because it is not yet an established pest, our goal was to develop phenology models of AGM strains in response to temperature to facilitate detection and management/eradication efforts. Predicting phenology of the Asian gypsy moth is critical for monitoring and management. For instance, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk), a preferred treatment for Asian gypsy moth control, is most effective if applied to the early second instar (Reardon et al. 1994). Currently, phenology of the gypsy moth is predicted based on the European subspecies and by climate matching, which may not be accurate for the Asian subspecies. In this study we evaluated the development of eight strains of AGM from a broad range of geographic latitudes reared on artificial diet at five constant temperatures (10-30 C). Our results suggest that AGM larvae developed faster as rearing temperature increased until it reached an optimum at 29 C. Larvae displayed significant molting problems at the highest and lowest temperatures tested (10 and 30 C), and at 30 C female fitness was markedly compromised, as evidenced by reduced fecundity and fertility. These findings suggest that development and survival of Asian gypsy moth may be limited by summer temperature extremes in the southern US. We also determined the degree-day requirements for two critical life stages (from egg hatch to second instar and egg hatch to adult) to predict the timing for both bio-pesticide application and adult trapping. Our data will benefit pest managers in developing management strategies, pest risk assessments, and timing for implementation of management tactics.
Natural Enemies
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Author : Ann E. Hajek
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-02-12
Natural Enemies written by Ann E. Hajek and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-12 with Gardening categories.
Publisher Description
Use Of Microbes For Control And Eradication Of Invasive Arthropods
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Author : Ann Hajek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-21
Use Of Microbes For Control And Eradication Of Invasive Arthropods written by Ann Hajek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-21 with Science categories.
This is a diverse presentation about the use of arthropod-specific pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropod species. Basic concepts supporting use of pathogens for microbial control are covered as well as societal and environmental concerns.
Environmental Impacts Of Microbial Insecticides
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Author : Heikki M.T. Hokkanen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-11-30
Environmental Impacts Of Microbial Insecticides written by Heikki M.T. Hokkanen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Biological pesticides are increasingly finding therr place in IPM and increasing numbers of products are making therr way to the marketplace. Particularly in China, Latin America and Australia, implementation is proceeding on a large scale. However, in the USA and Europe, registration procedures for insect pathogens to be used for insect control have been established that requrre low levels of risk, resulting in costs of retarding the implementation of microbial agents. This book provides a review of the state of the art of studies on the envrronmental impact of microbial insecticides. It originates from a Society for Invertebrate Pathology Microbial Control Division Symposium .. Assessment of envrronmental safety of biological insecticides", organised in collaboration with the EU-ERBIC research project (FAIR5-CT97-3489). This symposium was initiated by Heikki Hokkanen and Chris Lomer, and was held at the SIP Annual Meeting in 2001 in The Netherlands. The emphasis in this book is on large scale use of microbial agents for insect control, demonstrating how this use has been proceeding with minimal envrron mental impact. This book is intended to be of use to regulatory authorities in determining whether further studies in eertain areas are necessary and how to conduct them if needed, or whether sufficient information has been collected already to permit fuH registration of many of these biological control agents.
Federal Recycling Program
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Federal Recycling Program written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Recycling (Waste, etc.) categories.
The Lepidoptera Of New York And Neighboring States
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Author : William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1954
The Lepidoptera Of New York And Neighboring States written by William Trowbridge Merrifield Forbes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with Lepidoptera categories.