Assessment Of The Productive Efficiency Of Large Wind Farms In The United States
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Assessment Of The Productive Efficiency Of Large Wind Farms In The United States
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Author : Ümit Saglam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Assessment Of The Productive Efficiency Of Large Wind Farms In The United States written by Ümit Saglam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Wind power is one of the most promising renewable energy sources that has gained enormous attention, especially in the electricity generation sector over the past decade in the United States. In this study Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is implemented to quantitatively evaluate the relative efficiencies of the 236 large utility-scale wind farms. Input- and output-oriented CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes, and Cooper) models are applied to pre-determined three input and three output variables. The sensitivity analysis is conducted for the robustness of DEA by introducing seven new models with the various combinations of input and output variables of the original model. Tobit regression models are developed for the second stage of the analysis to investigate the effects of specifications of the wind turbine technologies. DEA results indicate that two-thirds of the wind farms are operated efficiently. On average, 70% of the wind farms have a considerable potential for further improvement in operational productivity by expanding these wind farm projects, 24% of them should reduce their operational size to increase their productivity level, and 6% of them are operating wind power at the most productive scale size. Nonparametric statistical tests show that the most efficient wind farms are located in Oklahoma because of the relatively high wind speed resources. Tobit regression model indicates the selection of the brand of the wind turbine has a significant contribution to the productive efficiency of the wind farms. The results of this study shed some light on the current efficiency assessments of the 236 large utility-scale wind farms in the United States and the future of wind energy for both energy practitioners and policy makers.
Large Scale Offshore Wind Power In The United States
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Author : Walter Musial
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2011
Large Scale Offshore Wind Power In The United States written by Walter Musial and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Offshore wind power is poised to deliver an essential contribution to a clean, robust, and diversified U.S. energy portfolio. Capturing and using this large and inexhaustible resource has the potential to mitigate climate change, improve the environment, increase energy security, and stimulate the U.S. economy. The U.S. is now deliberating an energy policy that will have a powerful impact on the nation¿s energy and economic health for decades to come. This report provides a broad understanding of today¿s wind industry and the offshore resource, as well as the associated technology challenges, economics, permitting procedures, and potential risks and benefits. Charts and tables.
A Two Stage Performance Assessment Of Utility Scale Wind Farms In Texas Using Data Envelopment Analysis And Tobit Models
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Author : Ümit Saglam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
A Two Stage Performance Assessment Of Utility Scale Wind Farms In Texas Using Data Envelopment Analysis And Tobit Models written by Ümit Saglam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Wind power becomes one of the most promising energy sources in the electricity generation sector in Texas over the past decade by declining levelized cost of wind energy. However, recent studies show that the wind farms in Texas are relatively less productive. Hence, this study aims to find out reasons of inefficiencies by constructing a two-stage performance assessment of wind farms in Texas. In the first stage of analysis, comprehensive input- and output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models are applied to evaluate productive efficiencies of the 95 large utility-scale wind farms by using pre-determined three input and two output variables. The sensitivity analysis is provided for the robustness of the DEA models with different combinations of input and output variables of the original model. The slack analysis and projection data are obtained for inefficient wind farms to find out optimal input-output variables. Tobit regression models are conducted for the second stage of the analysis to investigate the reasons of inefficiencies. DEA results indicate that half of the wind farms were operated efficiently in Texas during 2016. 13 wind farms were performed at the most productive scale size, ten wind farms should reduce their operational size to improve production efficiency, and 72 wind farms have the notable potential to increase their production efficiency by expanding operational sizes with modern wind turbine technologies. The sensitivity analysis shows the importance of each input-output variables. Tobit regression models indicate that elevation of the site, rotor diameter, hub height, and brand of the turbine have significant contributions to the relative efficiency scores of the wind farms, and the age of turbine has a negative impact on the productive efficiency of the wind farms.arms, and the age of turbine has a negative impact on the productive efficiency of the wind farms.
Alternative Energy Sources
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Author : Andrzej L.Wasiak
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-05-20
Alternative Energy Sources written by Andrzej L.Wasiak and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications.
The Effects Of Electricity Prices On Productive Efficiency Of States Wind Power Performances In The United States
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Author : Ümit Saglam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Effects Of Electricity Prices On Productive Efficiency Of States Wind Power Performances In The United States written by Ümit Saglam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Wind power is the largest renewable energy source which produces a negligible amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, has gained enormous attention in the electricity generation sector over the past decade in the United States. In this study, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is implemented to quantitatively evaluate the relative efficiencies of the 39 states' wind power productivity for the electricity generation. Eight output-oriented CCR (Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes) models are developed with different combinations of pre-determined four input and five output variables to investigate the effect of electricity prices on the productive efficiency and to test the robustness of the DEA models. The DEA results indicate that two-thirds of the states operate wind power efficiently. Although the high retail price of electricity has a significant contribution to the productive efficiency of the six states, it does not affect the relative efficiency scores of the nineteen states. The location and the size of operation are not advantages or disadvantages for operating wind power at the most productive scale.
Issues And Trends In Interdisciplinary Behavior And Social Science
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Author : Ford Lumban Gaol
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-05-20
Issues And Trends In Interdisciplinary Behavior And Social Science written by Ford Lumban Gaol and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Issues and Trends in Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Science contains papers presented at the 6th International Congress on Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Science 2017 (ICIBSoS 2017), held 16—17 December 2017 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The contributions cover every discipline in all fields of social science, and discuss many current trends and issues being faced by 21st century society especially in Southeast Asia. Topics include literature, family culture studies, behavior studies, psychology and human development, religion and values, religious coping, social issues such as urban poverty and juvenile crisis, driving behavior, well-being of women, career women, career performance, job stress, happiness, social adjustment, quality of life among patients, the cosmetics business, etc. The issues are discussed using scientific quantitative or qualitative methods from different academic viewpoints.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Traditional Air Pollutants Water Depletion And Cumulative Energy Demand From 2 Mw Wind Turbines In Texas
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Author : Ali Alsaleh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Life Cycle Assessment Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Traditional Air Pollutants Water Depletion And Cumulative Energy Demand From 2 Mw Wind Turbines In Texas written by Ali Alsaleh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Renewable energy source categories.
One renewable energy source that has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years is wind energy, with the installation of new wind farms around the globe as well as the innovations in wind power technology, which have increased the efficiency of this source. Wind power generates electrical energy from the wind's kinetic energy without causing emissions or pollution from power production; however, environmental effects are caused by the wind turbine manufacturing, transport, and other phases. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to analyze the environmental effects associated with wind energy technology by taking into consideration the entire life cycle for wind turbines. Specific objectives were: 1.To conduct a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) for large wind turbines inTexas, including: All phases (materials acquisition, manufacturing, transportation, installation,operation and maintenance, and end of life) and ; A variety of inventory emissions and resources (greenhouse gases; traditionalair pollutants SO2, NOx, VOCs, CO and PM; water depletion; cumulative energydemand). 2.To identify a range of impacts due to uncertainty in LCA model inputs. 3.To compare impacts of wind power to literature values for coal and natural gas, asexamples of fossil fuels. The practical contribution of this study is to provide an LCA for large wind turbines in the US, which includes all life cycle phases. The study's contribution to the field of LCA is a more comprehensive LCA than has been conducted to-date for wind turbines anywhere, by including several important new elements: 1) maintenance as part of the use phase, 2) traditional air pollutants in addition to greenhouse gas emissions, 3) an energy balance to compare energy produced by the turbines over their lifetime with energy consumed to manufacture and transport them, and 4) a sensitivity analysis that examines more parameters. The study was conducted 200 Gamesa 2-MW wind turbines G83 (100) and G87 (100) located at the Lone Star Wind Farm near Abilene, Texas. SimaPro8 was used as the modeling platform. Data were collected from different sources, including manufacturers, wind turbine farms, and the database in the software used for modeling (SimaPro8). All the data were modeled according to ISO 14040 standards. Environmental impacts (acid deposition, eutrophication, photochemical smog formation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and climate change), human health impacts (human health potential and respiratory effects), and resource consumption (fossil fuel consumption, water depletion, and cumulative energy demand) were assessed. Manufacturing was the phase contributing the most impacts: >75% to the impact categories of respiratory effects, human health potential, and eutrophication; >50% to the categories of acidification, global warming, water depletion, and cumulative energy demand; and >25% to fossil fuel depletion, ozone smog formation, and stratospheric ozone depletion.Producing the large parts of the turbine such as the tower and the nacelle consume sizable amounts of energy and materials. Hence, to reduce adverse impacts from wind power, alternative methods of manufacturing should be explored. Impacts of the installation and transportation phases were moderate, but less than manufacturing. To reduce climate change impacts of the installation phase, use of green cement for the turbine foundation should be considered. To reduce impacts of the transportation phase, purchase of locally-manufactured turbines should be considered. Impacts of the remaining phases were very low. Extending the turbine life span lowers impacts per kWh of electricity produced because the impacts, which are due primarily to the manufacturing phase, will be distributed over a longer period of time. For a 20-year lifetime, the turbines produce 39 times more energy than they consume. If the turbine life span is increased to 25 or 30 years, the turbines produce 45 and 50 times more energy than they consume, respectively. The best-case wind speed recommended by the manufacturer, 8 m/s, overestimated electricity generation by a factor of 43 compared to using the wind rose at the farm site. Site-specific information should therefore be used in evaluating the potential for electricity production. Based on a comparison with values reported in the literature, global warming potential of coal-fired and natural gas power plants with carbon capture and sequestration were still 50 times the impacts of the wind turbines. Other environmental impacts ranged from 4-8 times those of wind turbines, and human health impacts were estimated to be 370 times those of wind turbines.
Distributed Wind Resource Assessment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Distributed Wind Resource Assessment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind and Water Power Technologies Office (WWPTO) goals, researchers from DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) are investigating the Distributed Wind Resource Assessment (DWRA) process, which includes pre-construction energy estimation as well as turbine site suitability assessment. DWRA can have a direct impact on the Wind Program goals of maximizing stakeholder confidence in turbine performance and safety as well as reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). One of the major components of the LCOE equation is annual energy production. DWRA improvements can maximize the annual energy production, thereby lowering the overall LCOE and improving stakeholder confidence in the distributed wind technology sector by providing more accurate predictions of power production. Over the long term, one of the most significant benefits of a more defined DWRA process could be new turbine designs, tuned to site-specific characteristics that will help the distributed wind industry follow a similar trajectory to the low-wind-speed designs in the utility-scale industry sector. By understanding the wind resource better, the industry could install larger rotors, capture more energy, and as a result, increase deployment while lowering the LCOE. a direct impact on the Wind Program goals of maximizing stakeholder confidence in turbine performance and safety as well as reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). One of the major components of the LCOE equation is annual energy production. DWRA improvements can maximize the annual energy production, thereby lowering the overall LCOE and improving stakeholder confidence in the distributed wind technology sector by providing more accurate predictions of power production. Over the long term, one of the most significant benefits of a more defined DWRA process could be new turbine designs, tuned to site-specific characteristics that will help the distributed wind industry follow a similar trajectory to the low-wind-speed designs in the utility-scale industry sector. By understanding the wind resource better, the industry could install larger rotors, capture more energy, and as a result, increase deployment while lowering the LCOE.
Grid And Market Integration Of Large Scale Wind Farms Using Advanced Wind Power Forecasting Technical And Energy Economic Aspects
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Author : Ümit Cali
language : en
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Release Date : 2011
Grid And Market Integration Of Large Scale Wind Farms Using Advanced Wind Power Forecasting Technical And Energy Economic Aspects written by Ümit Cali and has been published by kassel university press GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
The Economics Of Wind Energy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: EWEA
Release Date : 2009
The Economics Of Wind Energy written by and has been published by EWEA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Offshore wind power plants categories.