Atrocity Labelling
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Atrocity Labelling
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Author : Markus P. Beham
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-11-03
Atrocity Labelling written by Markus P. Beham and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-03 with Political Science categories.
Atrocity. Genocide. War crime. Crime Against Humanity. Such atrocity labels have been popularized among international lawmakers but with little insight offered into how and when these terms are applied and to what effect. What constitutes an event to be termed a genocide or war crime and what role does this play in the application of legal proceedings? Markus P. Beham, through an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, unpicks these terms to uncover their historical genesis and their implications for international criminal law initiatives concerned with atrocity. The book uniquely compares four specific case studies: Belgian colonial exploitation of the Congo, atrocities committed against the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, the Armenian genocide and the man-made Ukrainian famine of the 1930s. Encompassing international law, legal history, and discourse analysis, the concept of 'atrocity labelling' is used to capture the meaning underlying the work of international lawyers and prosecutors, historians and sociologists, agenda setters and policy makers.
Atrocity Labelling
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Author : Markus Peter Beham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Atrocity Labelling written by Markus Peter Beham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Atrocities categories.
"Atrocity. Genocide. War crime. Crime Against Humanity. Such atrocity labels have been popularized among international lawmakers but with little insight offered into how and when these terms are applied and to what effect. What constitutes an event to be termed a genocide or war crime and what role does this play in the application of legal proceedings? Markus P. Beham, through an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, unpicks these terms to uncover their historical genesis and their implications for international criminal law initiatives concerned with atrocity. The book uniquely compares four specific case studies: Belgian colonial exploitation of the Congo, atrocities committed against the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, the Armenian genocide and the man-made Ukrainian famine of the 1930s. Encompassing international law, legal history, and discourse analysis, the concept of 'atrocity labelling' is used to capture the meaning underlying the work of international lawyers and prosecutors, historians and sociologists, agenda setters and policy makers"--
Believing The Unbelievable
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Author : Megan Smith (College teacher)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Believing The Unbelievable written by Megan Smith (College teacher) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Crimes against humanity categories.
Convincing the world to "believe the unbelievable" is an obstacle that all atrocity victims face. However, it remains to be seen if this belief is translated into the international community labeling atrocities and taking action. Crimes against humanity and genocide were codified as international crimes under international law in 1945 and 1946 through the Nuremberg Tribunal and the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Following their codification, two schools of thought emerged. Both agree that there is a moral obligation for the international community to respond in instances where these terms are invoked, yet disagreement persists regarding whether there is an additional legal obligation to respond. In addition, an empirically verified link between atrocity labels and action by the international community remains to be identified and gaps within the literature remain. As a result, I seek to determine if this potential legal obligation is fulfilled when these labels are used and proposes the following question: Do patterns exist in which invoking the terms "genocide" and/or "crimes against humanity" leads to action by the international community?To address this question, I begin by exploring the previous literature with the aim of defining crimes against humanity and genocide, exploring the two schools of thought regarding the legal obligation to respond, and what we know about the use of these labels and subsequent action on the part of the international community. I then conduct a historical analysis and a comparative case study. The historical analysis tracks the evolution of atrocity rhetoric and the terms 'genocide' and 'crimes against humanity.' This analysis works to examine what these terms have come to mean both legally and connotatively. Following this historical analysis, a comparative case study is conducted which includes atrocities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Darfur, and Myanmar. Finally, patterns regarding the invocation of 'genocide' and 'crimes against humanity' are identified and analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that the invocation of these terms and subsequent action is dependent on and determined by political considerations and national interests of the international community.
What S In A Word
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Author : William A. Schabas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
What S In A Word written by William A. Schabas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Ex-concentration camp inmates categories.
The Crime Of Genocide Then And Now
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Author : Pavel Šturma
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-08-22
The Crime Of Genocide Then And Now written by Pavel Šturma and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-22 with Law categories.
In The Crime of Genocide Then and Now: Evolution of a Crime, the editors Pavel Šturma and Milan Lipovský submit an analysis of the readiness of the definition of genocide to the world of 21st century.
The Oxford Handbook On Atrocity Crimes
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Author : Barbora Holá
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
The Oxford Handbook On Atrocity Crimes written by Barbora Holá and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Law categories.
"The Oxford Handbook on Atrocity Crimes consolidates and further develops the evolving field of atrocity studies by combining major mono-, inter-, and multi-disciplinary research on atrocity crimes in one volume encompassing contributions of leading scholars. Atrocity crimes-war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide-are manifestations of large scale and systematic criminality committed within specific political, ideological, and societal contexts. These crimes are committed by a multiplicity of actors against a large number of victims who suffer far-reaching consequences. Scholars studying mass atrocities are scattered not only across disciplines-such as international (criminal) law, international relations, criminology, political science, psychology, sociology, history, anthropology, or demography-but also across the topic-related fields, which are by definition multi- and interdisciplinary but are typically limited to a particular category or aspect of atrocity crimes. This Handbook brings together these strands of scholarship on (mass) atrocities and interrogates atrocity crimes as an overarching category of criminality, while simultaneously keeping an eye on differences among the individual constitutive categories. The Handbook covers topics related to the etiology and causes of atrocities, the actors involved, the harm and victims of atrocity crimes, the reactions to mass atrocities, and in-depth case studies of understudied situations of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide"--
Mass Atrocity Crimes
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Author : Robert I. Rotberg
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-09-01
Mass Atrocity Crimes written by Robert I. Rotberg and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-01 with Political Science categories.
A Brookings Institution Press and World Peace Foundation publication What can be done to combat genocide, ethnic cleansing, and other crimes against humanity? Why aren't current measures more effective? Is there hope for the future? These and other pressing questions surrounding human security are addressed head-on in this provocative and all-too-timely book. Millions of people, particularly in Africa, face daily the prospect of death at the hands of state or state-linked forces. Although officially both the United Nations and the African Union have adopted "Responsibility to Protect" (R2P) principles, atrocities continue. The tenets of R2P, recently cited in a UN Outcomes Document, make it clear that states have a primary responsibility to protect their citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. When states cannot—or will not—protect their citizens, however, the international community must step into the breach. Why have efforts to stop horrific state-sanctioned crimes seen only limited success, despite widespread support of R2P? As this enlightening volume explains and illustrates, converting a norm into effective preventive measures remains difficult. The contributors examine the legal framework to inhibit war crimes, use of the emerging R2P norm, the role of the International Criminal Court, and new technologically sophisticated methods to gather early warnings of likely atrocity outbreaks. Together they show how mass atrocities may be anticipated, how they may be prevented, and when necessary, how they may be prosecuted. Contributors include Claire Applegarth (Harvard Kennedy School), Andrew Block (Harvard Kennedy School), Frank Chalk (Montreal Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies, Concordia University), David M. Crane (Syracuse University College of Law), Richard J. Goldstone (Constitutional Court of South Africa; UN International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda), Don Hubert (University of Ottawa; Global Center for the Responsib
Criminalizing Atrocity
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Author : Mark S. Berlin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-25
Criminalizing Atrocity written by Mark S. Berlin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-25 with Political Science categories.
Why do countries adopt criminal legislation making it possible to prosecute government and military officials for human rights violations? Over the past thirty years, dozens of countries have prosecuted their own or other states' officials for past atrocities. In Criminalizing Atrocity, Mark Berlin tells the story of the global spread of national criminal laws against atrocity crimes - genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity - laws that have helped pave the way for this remarkable trend toward greater accountability. He traces the early 20th-century origins of national atrocity laws to a group of influential European criminal law scholars and explains the global patterns by which these laws have since spread. Berlin shows that understanding why countries criminalize atrocities requires understanding how they do so. In many cases, criminalization has not been the result of concerted government initiative, but of inconspicuous choices made by technocratic legal experts who have been delegated authority to draft large-scale reforms to countries' national criminal codes. Drawing on research in comparative law and norm diffusion, Berlin explains how such reform projects prompt technocratic drafters to select legal ideas, like atrocity laws, that have been endorsed by their professional communities and deemed by drafters to be important features of a ''modern'' criminal code. To test this argument, Berlin draws on original quantitative and qualitative data, including in-depth case studies of Guatemala, Poland, Colombia, and the Maldives, and a new, comprehensive dataset tracking the global spread of atrocity laws since Word War II. The book's findings highlight the importance of professional communities in the modern renaissance of atrocity justice and the domestication of international legal norms.
Reconstructing Atrocity Prevention
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Author : Sheri P. Rosenberg
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016
Reconstructing Atrocity Prevention written by Sheri P. Rosenberg and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with History categories.
This proposes a new framework for atrocity prevention, featuring scholars from around the globe including three former UN special advisers.
Unconscionable Crimes
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Author : Paul C. Morrow
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2020-09-22
Unconscionable Crimes written by Paul C. Morrow and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-22 with Philosophy categories.
The first general theory of the influence of norms—moral, legal and social—on genocide and mass atrocity. How can we explain—and prevent—such large-scale atrocities as the Holocaust? In Unconscionable Crimes, Paul Morrow presents the first general theory of the influence of norms on genocide and mass atrocity. After offering a clear overview of norms and norm transformation, rooted in recent work in moral and political philosophy, Morrow examines numerous twentieth-century cases of mass atrocity, drawing on documentary and testimonial sources to illustrate the influence of norms before, during, and after such crimes. Morrow considers such key explanatory pathways as the erosion of moral norms through brutalization and demoralization, the exploitation of legal norms to legitimize persecution and deny violence, and the enduring influence of gender-based social norms on targets and perpetrators of atrocities. Key constraints on atrocities would include the revision of moral norms that have traditionally guided the conduct of soldiers and humanitarian aid workers, the strengthening of legal prohibitions on large-scale crimes through statutory and institutional reform, and the elimination of social norms prescribing silence about personal experience of atrocities. Throughout, Morrow emphasizes the differences among moral, legal, and social norms, which stand in different relations to real or perceived social practices, and exhibit different patterns of creation, modification, and elimination. Ultimately, he argues, norms of each kind are integral to the explanation and the prevention of mass atrocities.
