Autonomy And Choice In Context

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Autonomy And Choice In Context

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Author : Rina Shapira
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997

Autonomy And Choice In Context written by Rina Shapira and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with School autonomy categories.

Human Autonomy In Cross Cultural Context

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Author : Valery I. Chirkov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-12-02

Human Autonomy In Cross Cultural Context written by Valery I. Chirkov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-02 with Psychology categories.

This volume presents the reader with a stimulating tapestry of essays exploring the nature of personal autonomy, self-determination, and agency, and their role in human optimal functioning at multiple levels of analysis from personal to societal and cross-cultural. The starting point for these explorations is self-determination theory, an integrated theory of human motivation and healthy development which has been under development for more than three decades (Deci & Ryan, 2000). As the contributions will make clear, psychological autonomy is a concept that forms the bridge between the dependence of human behavior on biological and socio-cultural determinants on the one side, and people’s ability to be free, reflective, and transforming agents who can challenge these dependencies, on the other. The authors within this volume share a vision that human autonomy is a fundamental pre-condition for both individuals and groups to thrive, and that without understanding the nature and mechanisms of autonomous agency vital social and human problems cannot be satisfactory addressed. This multidisciplinary team of researchers will collectively explore the nature of personal autonomy, considering its developmental origins, its expression within relationships, its importance within groups and organizational functioning, and its role in promoting to the democratic and economic development of societies. The book is aimed toward developmental, social, personality, and cross-cultural psychologists, towards researchers and practitioners’ in the areas of education, health and medicine, social work and, economics, and also towards all interested in creating a more sustainable and just world society through promoting individual freedom and agency. This volume will provide a theoretical and conceptual account of the nature and psychological mechanisms of personal motivational autonomy and human agency; rich multidisciplinary empirical evidence supporting the claims and propositions about the nature of human autonomy and capacities for self-regulation; explanations of how and why different psychological and socio-cultural conditions may play a role in promoting or undermining people’s autonomous motivation and well-being, discussions of how the promotion of human autonomy can positively influence environmental protection, democracy promotion and economic prosperity.

The Theory And Practice Of Autonomy

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Author : Gerald Dworkin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1988-08-26

The Theory And Practice Of Autonomy written by Gerald Dworkin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-08-26 with Philosophy categories.

This important new book develops a new concept of autonomy. The notion of autonomy has emerged as central to contemporary moral and political philosophy, particularly in the area of applied ethics. professor Dworkin examines the nature and value of autonomy and uses the concept to analyse various practical moral issues such as proxy consent in the medical context, paternalism, and entrapment by law enforcement officials.

Autonomy In Context

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Author : Laura Megan Funk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

Autonomy In Context written by Laura Megan Funk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Older people categories.

The Undermining Of Beliefs In The Autonomy And Rationality Of Consumers

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Author : John O'Shaughnessy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2007-11-08

The Undermining Of Beliefs In The Autonomy And Rationality Of Consumers written by John O'Shaughnessy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-08 with Business & Economics categories.

This book examines modern consumption, focusing on concepts of autonomy and rationality. In recent years, conventional ideas of 'free will' have come under attack in the context of consumer choice and similarly, postmodernists have sabotaged the very notion of consumer rationality. O Shaughnessy and O'Shaughnessy adopt a moderating perspective, rev

Thick Concepts Of Autonomy

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Author : James F. Childress
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-11-25

Thick Concepts Of Autonomy written by James F. Childress and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-25 with Medical categories.

This book explores, in rich and rigorous ways, the possibilities and limitations of “thick” (concepts of) autonomy in light of contemporary debates in philosophy, ethics, and bioethics. Many standard ethical theories and practices, particularly in domains such as biomedical ethics, incorporate minimal, formal, procedural concepts of personal autonomy and autonomous decisions and actions. Over the last three decades, concerns about the problems and limitations of these “thin” concepts have led to the formulation of “thick” concepts that highlight the mental, corporeal, biographical and social conditions of what it means to be a human person and that enrich concepts of autonomy, with direct implications for the ethical requirement to respect autonomy. The chapters in this book offer a wide range of perspectives on both the elements of and the relations (both positive and negative) between “thin” and “thick” concepts of autonomy as well as their relative roles and importance in ethics and bioethics. This book offers valuable and illuminating examinations of autonomy and respect for autonomy, relevant for audiences in philosophy, ethics, and bioethics.

Adaptation And Autonomy Adaptive Preferences In Enhancing And Ending Life

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Author : Juha Räikkä
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-05-13

Adaptation And Autonomy Adaptive Preferences In Enhancing And Ending Life written by Juha Räikkä and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Philosophy categories.

This volume gathers together previously unpublished articles focusing on the relationship between preference adaptation and autonomy in connection with human enhancement and in the end-of-life context. The value of individual autonomy is a cornerstone of liberal societies. While there are different conceptions of the notion, it is arguable that on any plausible understanding of individual autonomy an autonomous agent needs to take into account the conditions that circumscribe its actions. Yet it has also been suggested that allowing one’s options to affect one’s preferences threatens autonomy. While this phenomenon has received some attention in other areas of moral philosophy, it has seldom been considered in bioethics. This book combines for the first time the topics of preference adaptation, individual autonomy, and choosing to die or to enhance human capacities in a unique and comprehensive volume, filling an important knowledge gap in the contemporary bioethics literature.

Autonomy And Patients Decisions

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Author : Merle Spriggs
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2005

Autonomy And Patients Decisions written by Merle Spriggs and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Autonomy (Philosophy) categories.

Patient autonomy is an important concept in the clinical context, but the idea in contemporary bioethics discussions is often muddled. By looking closely at the ideas of Rosseau, Kant, and Mill, Autonomy and Patients' Decisions traces the modern concept of autonomy from its historical roots. Charting the changes in notions of autonomy in Beauchamp and Childress's seminal Principles of Biomedical Ethics to provide an overview of how autonomy has been viewed in the field, Merle Spriggs then identifies the four distinct notions of autonomy being referred to in contemporary discussion. The examination of these notions, especially the "descriptive psychological" account, in relation to case studies provides a clear concept of autonomy, compatible with both consequentialist and rights-based theories of ethics. This book provides a clear understanding of patient autonomy and will prove essential reading for health care professionals, bioethicsts, and philosophers.

Self Regulation And Autonomy

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Author : Bryan W. Sokol
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-11-18

Self Regulation And Autonomy written by Bryan W. Sokol and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-18 with Education categories.

This book presents current research on self-regulation and autonomy, which have emerged as key predictors of health and well-being in several areas of psychology.

Nudging Nudging Forward

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Author : Kendra Tully
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Nudging Nudging Forward written by Kendra Tully and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

The behavioral revolution of the late 20th century continues today as research in economics, psychology, neuroscience, and political science challenges what we think about how we think. Behavioral science reveals that human decision-making is fallible in predictable ways. No one has been more responsible for connecting the insights of behavioral science to public policy than Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue policymakers can utilize public policy to counteract the negative impacts of biases and increase welfare using "nudges." A nudge is "any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options" (Thaler and Sunstein 2008, 6). Because of their work, governments and organizations around the world have established internal bodies to advise officials on the application of behavioral insights in policy. This work, also referred to as "choice architecture," generates wide appeal because the solutions are cost-efficient and effective. Some scholars rightly fear that the contemporary wave of nudging threatens individual autonomy by weakening individual decision-making and undermining government transparency. This paper summarizes and addresses those critiques and proposes that choice architecture can in fact enhance individual autonomy. These critiques rely on two major assumptions: more choice is better and context does not matter. A growing body of literature demonstrates that more choice can lead to choice overload, causing regret, dissatisfaction, and choice paralysis. Individuals are especially susceptible to choice overload in contexts where the decision is complex, rare, resource intensive, and consequential (i.e. health care and finance). This paper proposes that in policy contexts where knowledge is low and stakes are high, choice architecture can improve autonomy by increasing individual material (i.e. physical and financial) and cognitive resources. While nudging appears to decrease autonomy in the short-term, it increases autonomy in the long-term by increasing resources necessary to act on one's values and goals. By improving navigability for complex choices, nudging also protects individuals from choice overload, allowing them to expend their cognitive resources on more meaningful choices. Utilizing choice architecture in certain policy contexts can also improve individual outcomes and boost feelings of self-confidence and assurance, both of which are necessary to act autonomously. This paper explores the empirical possibilities of this theory in two experiments testing the effect of choice context and choice architecture on cognition and feelings of confidence, competence, and satisfaction. The first experiment finds that restricting choice improved feelings of competence and confidence. The second experiment finds that introducing an element of scarcity to choice overload significantly reduces feelings of confidence, competence, and satisfaction. The theory and arguments in this paper present a novel way to look at the impact of choice architecture on autonomy. The paper offers a philosophically defensible argument grounded on a robust, theoretical understanding of autonomy. This paper advances our understanding of the potential for choice architecture so that we can move beyond questions of "why," and towards questions about when, where, and how to use choice architecture to improve autonomy and welfare.