Baseline Measurements Of Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Baseline Measurements Of Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Baseline Measurements Of Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher: Ecosystems Research Alliance
Release Date : 1997
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by Ecosystems Research Alliance this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This paper reviews and summarizes literature about smoke exposure and the resulting adverse effects among wildland firefighters.
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Forest fire fighters categories.
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Smoke Exposure At Western Wildfires
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Smoke Exposure At Western Wildfires written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Forest fire fighters categories.
Smoke Exposure At Western Wildfires
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher: Diane Publishing Company
Release Date : 2000
Smoke Exposure At Western Wildfires written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by Diane Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Forest fire fighters categories.
Smoke exposure measurements among firefighters at wildfires showed that between 3 & 5% of the shift-average exposures exceeded occupational exposure limits (OEL) for carbon monoxide (CM) & respiratory irritants. Among workers involved in direct attack of actively burning areas & maintaining fireline boundaries, peak exposure situations could be several times greater than recommended OEL for short-term exposures. Exposure to acrolein, benzene, formaldehyde, & respirable particulate matter could be predicted from measurements of carbon monoxide. Electrochemical dosimeters for CM were the best tool for routinely assessing smoke exposure. Tables.
Wildland Fire Smoke Health Effects On Wildland Firefighters And The Public
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Author : Joseph Wiman Domitrovich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Wildland Fire Smoke Health Effects On Wildland Firefighters And The Public written by Joseph Wiman Domitrovich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Adjustments recommended for altitude, work rate and duration of exposure would increase these percentages. We identified that crew type, main work task and duration, and downwind position from the fire were factors that influenced exposure to CO and respirable particulate matter, but only main task and duration were important predictors for respirable crystalline silica exposure. Linear regression results indicated that CO measurement is a reasonably useful real-time gauge of the inhalation hazard from smoke-derived particulate matter. The exposure data also found that respirable crystalline silica was a soil-derived hazard that exceeded shift-average OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits from 6.7% to as much as 28% of the time, depending on incident type. Using epidemiology studies to understand the exposure-response relationship for PM, we found that firefighters were at an increased risk for long-term health effects from smoke exposure. The risk for lung cancer mortality increases nearly linearly with exposures over time and is more strongly influenced by exposure duration than are the risks of death from cardiovascular or ischemic heart disease. On the other hand, the risk of cardiovascular mortality rises steeply for doses in the range we estimated for firefighter exposures but flattens out at higher exposures to PM. The data presented in this paper clearly identify the crews and activities most likely to exceed occupational exposure limits and firefighters may have a an increased health risk from smoke exposures.
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Smoke Exposure Among Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Forest fire fighters categories.
Health Effects Of Occupational Exposure Of Wildland Firefighters To Smoke From Biomass Burning
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Author : Chieh-Ming Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Health Effects Of Occupational Exposure Of Wildland Firefighters To Smoke From Biomass Burning written by Chieh-Ming Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Carbon monoxide categories.
Background: Wildland firefighters are repeatedly exposed to elevated levels of wildland fire smoke during wildfire suppression and prescribed burns. Information of wildland fire smoke exposure of wildland firefighters is only available for the western and southeastern United States, and no assessment of this occupational exposure has been reported for the midwestern region. Since different geographic areas have unique vegetative fuels, soil characteristics, and fire conditions, wildland firefighters working in the midwestern states might be exposed to different levels of wildland fire smoke with different particle compositions. As past studies of more disease-relevant outcomes have been mostly limited to pulmonary and respiratory responses, acute cardiovascular effects and systemic oxidation due to occupational wildland fire smoke exposure were investigated among wildland firefighters. Objectives: The specific aims of this study are to 1) characterize occupational exposure of wildland firefighters to air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), black carbon (BC), and trace metals in wildland fire smoke emissions from prescribed burns in the midwestern United States; 2) assess the effect of wildland fire smoke exposure on acute cardiovascular responses by investigating cross-shift changes in hemodynamic parameters, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), among wildland firefighters on prescribed burn days and compare those to the corresponding changes on regular work days; 3) determine the effect of wildland fire smoke exposure on systemic oxidation by studying cross-shift changes in oxidative biomarkers, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized guanine species (Ox-GS) in spot urine samples collected from wildland firefighters on prescribed burn days and their associations with urinary mutagenic potency; and 4) investigate task-related difference (holding, lighting, others) in personal exposure concentrations of air pollutants, in resting BP and HR, and in oxidative biomarkers and urinary mutagenicity. Methods: Exposure concentrations of PM2.5 and CO were monitored in the breathing zoom of wildland firefighters working at prescribed burns. Following the sampling, smoke particulate constituents, BC and heavy metals, were quantified using the light absorption technique and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Exposure concentrations of air pollutants were further categorized based on work tasks (holding, lighting, and others) in prescribed burn shifts. Resting BP and HR and spot urine sample were measured/collected right before (pre-shift), immediately after (post-shift), and next morning (next-morning) of prescribed burn shifts (burn days) as well as regular work shifts (non-burn days). The levels of urinary oxidative biomarkers were determined using commercially available assay kits and urinary mutagenic potency was assessed using the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. Linear mixed effect model was used to examine if the cross-shift changes (i.e. post-shift or next-morning vs. pre-shift) in BP and HR measures and the levels of urinary mutagenicity and oxidative biomarkers on burn days are significant. Difference in cross-shift changes in the hemodynamic parameters and urinary biomarkers were compared between burn and non-burn days using linear mixed effect model. Results: Wildland firefighters in the Midwest had personal PM2.5 and CO exposure concentrations that were about 2-7 times higher than the other regions. Twenty-eight personal CO exposure concentrations were ever above the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) Ceiling (200 ppm) for CO. Wildland firefighters who maintained the fires in the boundaries of burning areas had higher CO exposure concentrations compared to those who lighted fires (p
Guide To Monitoring Smoke Exposure Of Wildland Firefighters
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Author : Timothy E. Reinhardt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Guide To Monitoring Smoke Exposure Of Wildland Firefighters written by Timothy E. Reinhardt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Smoke categories.