Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance
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Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance
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Author : D. H. Doughty
language : en
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Release Date : 2011-03
Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance written by D. H. Doughty and has been published by The Electrochemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03 with Science categories.
The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Battery Safety and Abuse Tolerance¿, held during the 218th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Las Vegas, Nevada from October 10 to 15, 2010.
Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance
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Author : Electrochemical Society (Ecs)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008-06-30
Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance written by Electrochemical Society (Ecs) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance
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Author : Daniel H. Doughty
language : en
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Release Date : 2008-03
Battery Safety And Abuse Tolerance written by Daniel H. Doughty and has been published by The Electrochemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03 with Science categories.
Safety of batteries and electrochemical capacitors has taken on more importance for battery manufacturers, government regulators as well as system integrators. Papers in this issue describe all aspects of battery and electrochemical capacitor safety, including new materials and their reactivity, decomposition reactions that generate heat and gas, the role of separators in abuse response and battery pack design.
Abuse Tolerance Improvements
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Abuse Tolerance Improvements written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
As lithium-ion battery technologies mature, the size and energy of these systems continues to increase (> 50 kWh for EVs); making safety and reliability of these high energy systems increasingly important. While most material advances for lithium-ion chemistries are directed toward improving cell performance (capacity, energy, cycle life, etc.), there are a variety of materials advancements that can be made to improve lithium-ion battery safety. Issues including energetic thermal runaway, electrolyte decomposition and flammability, anode SEI stability, and cell-level abuse tolerance continue to be critical safety concerns. This report highlights work with our collaborators to develop advanced materials to improve lithium-ion battery safety and abuse tolerance and to perform cell-level characterization of new materials.
Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Automobiles categories.
The safety of electrified vehicles with high capacity energy storage devices creates challenges that must be met to assure commercial acceptance of EVs and HEVs. High performance vehicular traction energy storage systems must be intrinsically tolerant of abusive conditions: overcharge, short circuit, crush, fire exposure, overdischarge, and mechanical shock and vibration. Fail-safe responses to these conditions must be designed into the system, at the materials and the system level, through selection of materials and safety devices that will further reduce the probability of single cell failure and preclude propagation of failure to adjacent cells. One of the most important objectives of DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies is to support the development of lithium ion batteries that are safe and abuse tolerant in electric drive vehicles. This Roadmap analyzes battery safety and failure modes of state-of-the-art cells and batteries and makes recommendations on future investments that would further DOE's mission.
Battery Hazards And Accident Prevention
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Author : P. Bro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Battery Hazards And Accident Prevention written by P. Bro and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
This book is about how to avoid the accidents and injuries that may occur when batteries are abused or mishandled. It is the first book to deal specifically with this subject in a reasonably comprehensive manner accessible to readers ranging from regular consumers to technical specialists. Batteries and battery processes are described in sufficient detail to enable readers to understand why and how batteries cause accidents and what can be done to prevent them. Each year in the United States alone, thousands of individuals are injured by battery accidents, some of which are severely disabling. The tragedy is that such accidents need not occur. The book is intended to satisfy the needs of a varied group of readers: battery users in general, battery engineers, and designers of battery-operated equipment and consumer electronics. Since the book is a reference source of information on batteries and battery chemicals, we believe it may also be useful to those studying the environment as well as to medical personnel called upon to treat battery injuries. There are no prerequisites for an under standing of the text other than an interest in batteries and their safe usage.
Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Vehicle Battery Safety Roadmap Guidance written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The safety of electrified vehicles with high capacity energy storage devices creates challenges that must be met to assure commercial acceptance of EVs and HEVs. High performance vehicular traction energy storage systems must be intrinsically tolerant of abusive conditions: overcharge, short circuit, crush, fire exposure, overdischarge, and mechanical shock and vibration. Fail-safe responses to these conditions must be designed into the system, at the materials and the system level, through selection of materials and safety devices that will further reduce the probability of single cell failure and preclude propagation of failure to adjacent cells. One of the most important objectives of DOE's Office of Vehicle Technologies is to support the development of lithium ion batteries that are safe and abuse tolerant in electric drive vehicles. This Roadmap analyzes battery safety and failure modes of state-of-the-art cells and batteries and makes recommendations on future investments that would further DOE's mission.
Batteries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Batteries written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
The very high theoretical capacity of lithium (3829 mAh/g) provided a compelling rationale from the 1970's onward for development of rechargeable batteries employing the elemental metal as an anode. The realization that some transition metal compounds undergo reductive lithium intercalation reactions reversibly allowed use of these materials as cathodes in these devices, most notably, TiS2. Another intercalation compound, LiCoO2, was described shortly thereafter but, because it was produced in the discharged state, was not considered to be of interest by battery companies at the time. Due to difficulties with the rechargeability of lithium and related safety concerns, however, alternative anodes were sought. The graphite intercalation compound (GIC) LiC6 was considered an attractive candidate but the high reactivity with commonly used electrolytic solutions containing organic solvents was recognized as a significant impediment to its use. The development of electrolytes that allowed the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on surfaces of the carbon particles was a breakthrough that enabled commercialization of Li-ion batteries. In 1990, Sony announced the first commercial batteries based on a dual Li ion intercalation system. These devices are assembled in the discharged state, so that it is convenient to employ a prelithiated cathode such as LiCoO2 with the commonly used graphite anode. After charging, the batteries are ready to power devices. The practical realization of high energy density Li-ion batteries revolutionized the portable electronics industry, as evidenced by the widespread market penetration of mobile phones, laptop computers, digital music players, and other lightweight devices since the early 1990s. In 2009, worldwide sales of Li-ion batteries for these applications alone were US$ 7 billion. Furthermore, their performance characteristics (Figure 1) make them attractive for traction applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and electric vehicles (EVs); a market predicted to be potentially ten times greater than that of consumer electronics. In fact, only Liion batteries can meet the requirements for PHEVs as set by the U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), although they still fall slightly short of EV goals. In the case of Li-ion batteries, the trade-off between power and energy shown in Figure 1 is a function both of device design and the electrode materials that are used. Thus, a high power battery (e.g., one intended for an HEV) will not necessarily contain the same electrode materials as one designed for high energy (i.e., for an EV). As is shown in Figure 1, power translates into acceleration, and energy into range, or miles traveled, for vehicular uses. Furthermore, performance, cost, and abuse-tolerance requirements for traction batteries differ considerably from those for consumer electronics batteries. Vehicular applications are particularly sensitive to cost; currently, Li-ion batteries are priced at about $1000/kWh, whereas the USABC goal is $150/kWh. The three most expensive components of a Li-ion battery, no matter what the configuration, are the cathode, the separator, and the electrolyte. Reduction of cost has been one of the primary driving forces for the investigation of new cathode materials to replace expensive LiCoO2, particularly for vehicular applications. Another extremely important factor is safety under abuse conditions such as overcharge. This is particularly relevant for the large battery packs intended for vehicular uses, which are designed with multiple cells wired in series arrays. Premature failure of one cell in a string may cause others to go into overcharge during passage of current. These considerations have led to the development of several different types of cathode materials, as will be covered in the next section. Because there is not yet one ideal material that can meet requirements for all applications, research into cathodes for Li-ion batteries is, as of this writing, a very active field.
Advances In Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Advances In Lithium Ion Batteries written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
The editors state in their introduction that this book is intended for lithium-ion scientists and engineers but they hope it may be of interest to scientists from other fields. Their main aim was to provide a snapshot of the state of the Lithium-ion art and in this they have largely succeeded. The book is comprised of a collection of very current reviews of the lithium ion battery literature by acknowledged experts that draw heavily on the authors' own research but are sufficiently general to provide the lithium ion researcher with enough guidance to the current literature and the current thinking in the field. Some of the literature references may be too current as there are numerous citations of conference proceedings which may be easily accessible to the lithium ion scientist or engineer but are not likely to be available to the interested chemist coming to the field for the first time. One author expresses the hope and expectation that properly peer-reviewed articles will appear in due course and the interested reader should look out for them in future. From the point of view of the lithium ion battery scientist and engineer, the book covers most of the topics that are of current interest. Two areas are treated by inference in the various chapters but are not specifically granted chapters of their own. One of these is safety and abuse tolerance and the other is cost. Since there are a number of groups active in the investigation of abuse tolerance of these batteries this is a curious omission and obviously the cost factor is a driver for commercial development. The book should be instructive to the chemical community provided the average chemist can obtain some guidance from an electrochemist or battery engineer. Many of the measurements and techniques referred to (e.g. impedance, capacities, etc.) may be somewhat unfamiliar and confusing in the context they are used. Chemists who persevere and can obtain some guidance will find some rich opportunities for the application of analytical, inorganic and organic chemistry to unravel some of the puzzling mysteries of lithium ion batteries. The book begins with an extended chapter on the crucial role of the surface films on electrodes which provides an excellent introduction to the state of thinking in this field. This work is a tour de force in the application of surface analytical techniques and clearly demonstrates some of the shortcomings in the mechanism development. Several other chapters also provide ample evidence of opportunities for mechanistic determination and the chemist may be left with a rather alarming impression of a very unstable electrolyte system. However, the chapter on surface films will sound familiar to any chemist who has suffered the vagaries of a recalcitrant Grignard reaction. Since the operation of these surface films is of such importance to lithium ion batteries one is amazed that their formation appears to be left to serendipity. Clearly, there are great opportunities here for imaginative chemists and engineers.
Advanced Technology Development Program For Lithium Ion Batteries
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Author : Daniel Harvey Doughty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Advanced Technology Development Program For Lithium Ion Batteries written by Daniel Harvey Doughty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Li-ion cells are being developed for high-power applications in hybrid electric vehicles currently being designed for the FreedomCAR (Freedom Cooperative Automotive Research) program. These cells offer superior performance in terms of power and energy density over current cell chemistries. Cells using this chemistry are the basis of battery systems for both gasoline and fuel cell based hybrids. However, the safety of these cells needs to be understood and improved for eventual widespread commercial application in hybrid electric vehicles. The thermal behavior of commercial and prototype cells has been measured under varying conditions of cell composition, age and state-of-charge (SOC). The thermal runaway behavior of full cells has been measured along with the thermal properties of the cell components. We have also measured gas generation and gas composition over the temperature range corresponding to the thermal runaway regime. These studies have allowed characterization of cell thermal abuse tolerance and an understanding of the mechanisms that result in cell thermal runaway.