Beyond Open Access Visions For Open Evaluation Of Scientific Papers By Post Publication Peer Review
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Beyond Open Access Visions For Open Evaluation Of Scientific Papers By Post Publication Peer Review
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Author : Nikolaus Kriegeskorte
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Beyond Open Access Visions For Open Evaluation Of Scientific Papers By Post Publication Peer Review written by Nikolaus Kriegeskorte and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
A scientific publication system needs to provide two basic services: access and evaluation. The traditional publication system restricts the access to papers by requiring payment, and it restricts the evaluation of papers by relying on just 2-4 pre-publication peer reviews and by keeping the reviews secret. As a result, the current system suffers from a lack of quality and transparency of the peer-review evaluation process, and the only immediately available indication of a new paper’s quality is the prestige of the journal it appeared in. Open access is now widely accepted as desirable and is slowly beginning to become a reality. However, the second essential element, evaluation, has received less attention. Open evaluation, an ongoing post-publication process of transparent peer review and rating of papers, promises to address the problems of the current system. However, it is unclear how exactly such a system should be designed. The evaluation system steers the attention of the scientific community and, thus, the very course of science. For better or worse, the most visible papers determine the direction of each field and guide funding and public policy decisions. Evaluation, therefore, is at the heart of the entire endeavor of science. As the number of scientific publications explodes, evaluation and selection will only gain importance. A grand challenge of our time, therefore, is to design the future system, by which we evaluate papers and decide which ones deserve broad attention. So far scientists have left the design of the evaluation process to journals and publishing companies. However, the steering mechanism of science should be designed by scientists. The cognitive, computational, and brain sciences are best prepared to take on this task, which will involve social and psychological considerations, software design, and modeling of the network of scientific papers and their interrelationships. This Research Topic in Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience collects visions for a future system of open evaluation. Because critical arguments about the current system abound, these papers will focus on constructive ideas and comprehensive designs for open evaluation systems. Design decisions include: Should the reviews and ratings be entirely transparent, or should some aspects be kept secret? Should other information, such as paper downloads be included in the evaluation? How can scientific objectivity be strengthened and political motivations weakened in the future system? Should the system include signed and authenticated reviews and ratings? Should the evaluation be an ongoing process, such that promising papers are more deeply evaluated? How can we bring science and statistics to the evaluation process (e.g. should rating averages come with error bars)? How should the evaluative information about each paper (e.g. peer ratings) be combined to prioritize the literature? Should different individuals and organizations be able to define their own evaluation formulae (e.g. weighting ratings according to different criteria)? How can we efficiently transition toward the future system? Ideally, the future system will derive its authority from a scientific literature on community-based open evaluation. We hope that these papers will provide a starting point.
Scientific Peer Reviewing
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Author : Peter Spyns
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-23
Scientific Peer Reviewing written by Peter Spyns and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-23 with Computers categories.
This booklet provides a practical introduction to the practice of peer reviewing. Although it mainly focuses on paper reviewing for scientific events in computer science and business informatics, many of the principles, tips, tricks and examples can also be applied to journal reviewing and other scientific domains. Some can also be used when reviewing proposals for research projects or grants. In addition, many aspects of the book will benefit authors of scientific papers, who will gain deeper insights into how papers are reviewed and hence what to pay attention to when writing their own papers. The book is divided into three chapters, the first of which presents a brief overview of why peer reviewing is considered to be an important quality control instrument for scientific papers. In turn, the second chapter elaborates on the main principles a good reviewer should adhere to, including the most important aspects of personal attitude s/he should pay attention to when writing his/her review. Lastly, the third chapter features a series of (anonymized) real life examples of actual reviewing practice, thus illustrating practical tips and tricks regarding the most common “do’s” and “don’ts” of peer reviewing. The book offers a structured introduction and practical reference guide, including good and bad examples, for junior researchers in computer science and business informatics in particular, as well as for anyone interested in peer reviewing in general.“/p>
Scientific Scholarly Communication
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Author : Pali U. K. De Silva
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-18
Scientific Scholarly Communication written by Pali U. K. De Silva and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-18 with Science categories.
This book critically examines the historical developments and current trends in the scientific scholarly communication system, issues and challenges in scientific scholarly publishing and scientific data sharing, implications and debates associated with the influence of intellectual property rights on scientific information sharing, and new trends related to peer reviewing and measuring the impact of scientific publications. Based on thorough examination of published literature, the book illustrates the involvement of many stakeholders—scientists, science educators, university administrators, government entities, research funders, and other interested parties—in this complex and dynamic system. The discussion highlights the roles these stakeholders have to play, individually and collaboratively, to help transform the future of the scientific scholarly communication system.
Incentives And Performance
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Author : Isabell M. Welpe
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-07
Incentives And Performance written by Isabell M. Welpe and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This book contributes to the current discussion in society, politics and higher education on innovation capacity and the financial and non-financial incentives for researchers. The expert contributions in the book deal with implementation of incentive systems at higher education institutions in order to foster innovation. On the other hand, the book also discusses the extent to which governance structures from economy can be transferred to universities and how scientific performance can be measured and evaluated. This book is essential for decision-makers in knowledge-intensive organizations and higher-educational institutions dealing with the topic of performance management.
K Nstliche Intelligenz Und Rhetorik
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Author : Alicia Sommerfeld
language : de
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-10-02
K Nstliche Intelligenz Und Rhetorik written by Alicia Sommerfeld and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Wer unsere heutige Medienwirklichkeit verstehen will, kommt nicht umhin, sich mit den Technologien rund um Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und Algorithmen auseinanderzusetzen. Folgerichtig hat sich in jüngerer Zeit innerhalb der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften ein Forschungsstrang entwickelt, der diese Technologien – zumeist aus kritisch-interventionistischer Perspektive – ins Zentrum rückt. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dagegen „postkritisch" und „bottom-up" den gesellschaftlichen Selbstbeobachtungen im Hinblick auf die KI-Technologien im öffentlichen Diskurs und entwickelt für deren Erforschung das Programm einer Medienkulturrhetorik. Dieses Programm bringt Kulturwissenschaft und Rhetorik zusammen, um die Handlungsmöglichkeiten spätmoderner Subjekte im „KI-Zeitalter" zu ergründen, und wird im Rahmen einer empirischen Fallstudie zur massenmedialen Berichterstattung über KI und der Auseinandersetzung mit ebendieser in den sozialen Medien am Beispiel Facebook erprobt. Anspruch dieser Untersuchung ist es, sowohl einen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung kulturwissenschaftlicher Methodologie als auch für ein tieferes Verständnis unserer Kulturen zu leisten und dabei zugleich Anknüpfungspunkte für die (didaktische) Praxis zu bieten.
Opening Science
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Author : Sönke Bartling
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-16
Opening Science written by Sönke Bartling and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-16 with Science categories.
Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’
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Author : Рождественская Е.М.
language : ru
Publisher: STT Publishing
Release Date :
written by Рождественская Е.М. and has been published by STT Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Государство как гарант общественного порядка выступает основной опорой когнитивно-вещественного производства. Экономическая система, основанная на эксплуатации научно-технического знания как ресурса, обладает имманентным свойством устойчивости роста за счет способности когнитивного капитала сохранять и приумножать стоимость в воспроизводственном процессе. В аспекте теории благосостояния проблема получает новое развитие. Устойчивый экономический рост на основе приращения когнитивной формы капитала можно поддерживать в течение достаточно длительного времени, т.е. непрерывно. Формирование институциональных условий защиты когнитивно-вещественного производства обеспечивает фундамент достижения непрерывности благополучия общества. Конкурентно-рыночный порядок дополняется государственно-регулируемым механизмом с целью управления инновационно-производственным направлением. Оба уровня образуют противоречивое единство в пределах государственно-регулируемого конкурентно-рыночного (проконкурентного) порядка как особого института экономики знания.
Peer Review In An Era Of Evaluation
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Author : Eva Forsberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022
Peer Review In An Era Of Evaluation written by Eva Forsberg and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Education categories.
This open access volume explores peer review in the scientific community and academia. While peer review is as old as modern science itself, recent changes in the evaluation culture of higher education systems have increased the use of peer review, and its purposes, forms and functions have become more diversified. This book put together a comprehensive set of conceptual and empirical contributions on various peer review practices with relevance for the scientific community and higher education institutions worldwide. Consisting of three parts, the editors and contributors examine the history, problems and developments of peer review, as well as the specificities of various peer review practices. In doing so, this book gives an overview on and examine peer review , and asks how it can move forward. Eva Forsberg is Professor of Education at Uppsala University, Sweden. Her research focuses education governance and evaluation, academic work and the interface between educational policy, practice and research. Lars Geschwind is Professor in Engineering Education Policy and Management at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden. His main research interests are higher education policy, institutional governance, academic leadership and academic work. Sara Levander is Senior Lecturer and Researcher in Education at Uppsala University, Sweden. Her research interests are higher education, academic work and faculty evaluation in academic recruitment and promotion. Wieland Wermke is Associate Professor in Special Education at Stockholm University, Sweden. His research interest focuses on comparative education methodology, and teacher practice at different levels of education.
Open Science By Design
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2018-09-09
Open Science By Design written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-09 with Science categories.
Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps.
Leadership In Science And Technology A Reference Handbook
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Author : William Sims Bainbridge
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2011-10-20
Leadership In Science And Technology A Reference Handbook written by William Sims Bainbridge and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-20 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Tackling 100 key topics and providing case studies in the area of science and technology leadership, this reference handbook is an essential resource for students in this area.