Beyond Patents Assessing The Value And Impact Of Research Investments Proceedings Of A Workshop In Brief
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Beyond Patents
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Beyond Patents written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Beyond Patents Assessing The Value And Impact Of Research Investments Proceedings Of A Workshop In Brief
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Author : Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Beyond Patents Assessing The Value And Impact Of Research Investments Proceedings Of A Workshop In Brief written by Government-University-Industry Research Roundtable and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Tech Wars
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Author : Daniel M. Gerstein
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2022-09-13
Tech Wars written by Daniel M. Gerstein and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores the evolution of the current U.S. research and development enterprise, asks whether this organization remains appropriate to the challenges we face today, and proposes strategies for better preparing for the global technology race shaping our future. Across the globe, nation states and societies, as well as corporations, technology developers, and even individuals, find themselves on the front lines of a global technology race. In the third decade of this century, the outlines of the contest have become clear. R&D spending, new methods such as innovation centers, and powerful technologies in governments and society are rapidly proliferating. Technology winners and losers are emerging. How did we arrive at this global technology fight? How and where will it be waged? What can we do to prepare for the future? Tech Wars examines the conditions that have led us to this point and introduces new strategies, organizational changes, and resource allocations that will help the United States respond to the challenges on the horizon.
Measuring The Impacts Of Research Investments
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Author : Caroline S. Wagner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Measuring The Impacts Of Research Investments written by Caroline S. Wagner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Research is funded from public coffers to solve problems and create opportunities. Those government officers and legislators funding research do so in anticipation of results, but these results can be difficult to measure. Policy officials have good intentions to respond to public calls for accountability; but the complexity of cause-and-effect relationships . Economic measures are better known, but social impact measures are growing in number. This paper reports on a scanning done of existing policy papers and academic literature to identify possible measures for social benefits of research. The review finds that, when measuring for social impact, a combination of measures, linked to an understanding of intent, is required to provide a full assessment of benefit. Many types of measures are presented in this report with the goal of identifying concrete methods that can assess societal benefits, to reveal what we can expect from research, and which tools provide input into a broader understanding. Tangible effects are the target, since diffuse social effects are beyond measures. Findings include the following six key points:1. No single quantitative measure can reveal social impacts of research2. Quantitative (numerical) measures can be useful when research is narrowly focused on a specific social problem. Measures can include the following items:a. Size and capabilities of the newly trained workforceb. Percent of the population impacted by research resultsc. Enhanced reputation of national researchers d. Growth in capabilities of universities e. Publications, patents, and knowledge mapping3. Qualitative and quantitative approaches should be combined to provide a fuller assessment of benefit than would come from just numerical measures 4. Stakeholders, such as the general public, should define expectations early in the process of defining social benefits; public expectations should guide evaluation 5. The key actions required from stakeholders are the following:a. Tie measures to social values and relevanceb. Consult experts and collect available data c. Specify outcomes of interest with references to goalsd. Define 'impact' in terms of desired social benefits6. The literature cautions against putting too much emphasis on quantitative accountability, since this can drive the research process towards near-term, incentivized behavior rather than the desirable, but broader, societal goals.
Research Portfolio Performance Metrics
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Author : Marjory S. Blumenthal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-12-15
Research Portfolio Performance Metrics written by Marjory S. Blumenthal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Researchers reviewed metrics for evaluating research portfolios used by medical research organizations and appraised their characteristics. Organizations can use their results to help select, develop, and revise metrics for research portfolios.
Patents In The Knowledge Based Economy
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-09-11
Patents In The Knowledge Based Economy written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-09-11 with Political Science categories.
This volume assembles papers commissioned by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to inform judgments about the significant institutional and policy changes in the patent system made over the past two decades. The chapters fall into three areas. The first four chapters consider the determinants and effects of changes in patent "quality." Quality refers to whether patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) meet the statutory standards of patentability, including novelty, nonobviousness, and utility. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the growth in patent litigation, which may itself be a function of changes in the quality of contested patents. The final three chapters explore controversies associated with the extension of patents into new domains of technology, including biomedicine, software, and business methods.
The Role Of Nih In Drug Development Innovation And Its Impact On Patient Access
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-01-27
The Role Of Nih In Drug Development Innovation And Its Impact On Patient Access written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-27 with Medical categories.
To explore the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in innovative drug development and its impact on patient access, the Board on Health Care Services and the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies jointly hosted a public workshop on July 24â€"25, 2019, in Washington, DC. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the ways in which federal investments in biomedical research are translated into innovative therapies and considered approaches to ensure that the public has affordable access to the resulting new drugs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
R D Patents And Productivity
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Author : Zvi Griliches
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2007-11-01
R D Patents And Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
"An essential reference for specialists in the economics of technological change."--D. G. McFertridge, Canadian Journal of Economics
Assessing The Value Of Research In The Chemical Sciences
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Author : Chemical Sciences Roundtable
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-11-13
Assessing The Value Of Research In The Chemical Sciences written by Chemical Sciences Roundtable and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-11-13 with Science categories.
This book captures the messages from a workshop that brought together research managers from government, industry, and academia to review and discuss the mechanisms that have been proposed or used to assess the value of chemical research. The workshop focused on the assessment procedures that have been or will be established within the various organizations that carry out or fund research activities, with particular attention to the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). The book presents approaches and ideas from leaders in each area that were intended to identify new and useful ways of assessing the value and potential impact of research activities.
Advancing Concepts And Models For Measuring Innovation
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-01-17
Advancing Concepts And Models For Measuring Innovation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-17 with Social Science categories.
Because of the role of innovation as a driver of economic productivity and growth and as a mechanism for improving people's well-being in other ways, understanding the nature,determinants, and impacts of innovation has become increasingly important to policy makers. To be effective, investment in innovation requires this understanding, which, in turn, requires measurement of the underlying inputs and subsequent outcomes of innovation processes. In May 2016, at the request of the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics of the National Science Foundation, the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop - bringing together academic researchers, private and public sector experts, and representatives from public policy agencies - to develop strategies for broadening and modernizing innovation information systems.This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the event.