Biological Metaphor And Cladistic Classification
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Biological Metaphor And Cladistic Classification
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Author : Henry M. Hoenigswald
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2016-11-11
Biological Metaphor And Cladistic Classification written by Henry M. Hoenigswald and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-11 with Science categories.
The dynamic aspect of biological systems—the birth, growth, and death of individual organisms, the evolution of one form into another over time—has formed the basis for metaphors used in many fields for both artistic and heuristic purposes. Cladistic classification uses a tree whose branch points are based on the possession of derived or relatively recent characteristics, rather than primitive ones.
Transformed Cladistics Taxonomy And Evolution
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Author : N. R. Scott-Ram
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1990-03-30
Transformed Cladistics Taxonomy And Evolution written by N. R. Scott-Ram and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-03-30 with Science categories.
This is an examination of the relationship between classification and evolutionary theory, with reference to the competing schools of taxonomic thinking. Emphasis is placed on one of these schools, the transformed cladists who have attempted to reject all evolutionary thinking in classification and to cast doubt on evolution in general. The author examines the limits to this line of thought from a philosophical and methodological perspective. He concludes that transformed cladistics does not achieve what it claims and that it either implicitly assumes a Platonic World View, or is unintelligible without taking into account evolutionary processes--the very processes it claims to reject. Through this analysis the author attempts to formulate criteria of an objective and consistent nature that can be used to judge competing methodologies and theories. Philosophers of science, zoologists interested in taxonomy, and evolutionary biologists will find this a compelling study.
Aristotle S Ladder Darwin S Tree
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Author : J. David. Archibald
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2014-07-15
Aristotle S Ladder Darwin S Tree written by J. David. Archibald and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-15 with Science categories.
Leading paleontologist David Archibald explores the rich history of visual metaphors for biological order from ancient times to the present and their influence on human beingsÕ perception of their place in nature. Specifically, Archibald focuses on ladders and trees, and the first appearance of trees to represent seasonal life cycles. Their use in ancient Roman decorations and genealogies was then appropriated by the early Christian Church to represent biblical genealogies. The late eighteenth century saw the idea of a tree reappropriated to visualize relationships in the natural world, sometimes with a creationist view, but in some instances suggesting evolution. Charles DarwinÕs On the Origin of Species (1859) exorcised the exclusively creationist view of the Òtree of life.Ó His ideas sparked an explosion of trees, mostly by younger acolytes in Europe. Although DarwinÕs influence waned in the early twentieth century, by midcentury his ideas held sway once again in time for another and even greater explosion of tree building, generated by the development of new theories on how to assemble trees, the birth of powerful computing, and the emergence of molecular technology. Throughout his far-reaching study, and with the use of many figures, Archibald connects the evolution of Òtree of lifeÓ iconography to our changing perception of the world and ourselves, offering uncommon insight into how we went from standing on the top rung of the biological ladder to embodying just one tiny twig on the tree of life.
The Nature Of Classification
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Author : J. Wilkins
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-11-27
The Nature Of Classification written by J. Wilkins and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-27 with Science categories.
Discussing the generally ignored issue of the classification of natural objects in the philosophy of science, this book focuses on knowledge and social relations, and offers a way to understand classification as a necessary aspect of doing science.
Cladistics
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Author : David M. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-08-06
Cladistics written by David M. Williams and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-06 with Science categories.
This new edition of a foundational text presents a contemporary review of cladistics, as applied to biological classification. It provides a comprehensive account of the past fifty years of discussion on the relationship between classification, phylogeny and evolution. It covers cladistics in the era of molecular data, detailing new advances and ideas that have emerged over the last twenty-five years. Written in an accessible style by internationally renowned authors in the field, readers are straightforwardly guided through fundamental principles and terminology. Simple worked examples and easy-to-understand diagrams also help readers navigate complex problems that have perplexed scientists for centuries. This practical guide is an essential addition for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in taxonomy, systematics, comparative biology, evolutionary biology and molecular biology.
Metaphor Ii
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Metaphor Ii written by and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Metaphor, though not now the scholarly “mania” it once was, remains a topic of great interest in many disciplines albeit with interesting shifts in emphasis. Warren Shibles' Metaphor: An Annotated Bibliography and History (Bloomington, Ind. 1971) recorded the initial interest. Then Metaphor: A Bibliography of Post-1970 Publications, published by John Benjamins, continued the record through the mania years up to 1985 when writings proliferated as metaphor was seen to be a fundamental category in human thought and language. Five years later, there is a need for a report on the newest thinking and tendencies in the field. This need is fulfilled by Metaphor II which offers a comprehensive view of information which would otherwise remain scattered throughout a numbing plethora of resources, including many sometimes-hard-to-find publications from Eastern Europe. Metaphor II systematically collects references of books, articles and papers published between 1985 and May 1990, and includes for completeness corrections and additions to the earlier bibliographies. Abstracts are given for many of the titles, while four indices (disciplines, semantic fields, metaphor theory and names) multiply the number of access points to the information.
Handbook Of Evolutionary Thinking In The Sciences
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Author : Thomas Heams
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-23
Handbook Of Evolutionary Thinking In The Sciences written by Thomas Heams and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-23 with Science categories.
The Darwinian theory of evolution is itself evolving and this book presents the details of the core of modern Darwinism and its latest developmental directions. The authors present current scientific work addressing theoretical problems and challenges in four sections, beginning with the concepts of evolution theory, its processes of variation, heredity, selection, adaptation and function, and its patterns of character, species, descent and life. The second part of this book scrutinizes Darwinism in the philosophy of science and its usefulness in understanding ecosystems, whilst the third section deals with its application in disciplines beyond the biological sciences, including evolutionary psychology and evolutionary economics, Darwinian morality and phylolinguistics. The final section addresses anti-Darwinism, the creationist view and issues around teaching evolution in secondary schools. The reader learns how current experimental biology is opening important perspectives on the sources of variation, and thus of the very power of natural selection. This work examines numerous examples of the extension of the principle of natural selection and provides the opportunity to critically reflect on a rich theory, on the methodological rigour that presides in its extensions and exportations, and on the necessity to measure its advantages and also its limits. Scholars interested in modern Darwinism and scientific research, its concepts, research programs and controversies will find this book an excellent read, and those considering how Darwinism might evolve, how it can apply to the human sciences and other disciplines beyond its origins will find it particularly valuable. Originally produced in French (Les Mondes Darwiniens), the scope and usefulness of the book have led to the production of this English text, to reach a wider audience. This book is a milestone in the impressive penetration by Francophone scholars into the world of Darwinian science, its historiography and philosophy over the last two decades. Alex Rosenberg, R. Taylor Cole Professor of Philosophy, Duke University Until now this useful and comprehensive handbook has only been available to francophones. Thanks to this invaluable new translation, this collection of insightful and original essays can reach the global audience it deserves. Tim Lewens, University of Cambridge
Sociocultural Situatedness
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Author : Roslyn M. Frank
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-08-27
Sociocultural Situatedness written by Roslyn M. Frank and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The contributions contained in the second volume of the two-volume set Body, Language and Mind introduce and elaborate upon the concept of sociocultural situatedness, understood broadly as the way in which minds and cognitive processes are shaped, both individually and collectively, by their interaction with socioculturally contextualized structures and practices; and, furthermore, how these structures interact, contextually, with language and can become embodied in it. Drawing on theoretical concepts and analytical tools within the purview of cognitive linguistics and related fields, the volume explores the relationship between body, language and mind, focusing on the complex mutually reinforcing relationships holding between the sociocultural contextualisation of language and, inversely, the linguistic contextualisation of culure. Stated differently, the notion of sociocultural situatedness allows for language to be seen as a cultural activity and at the same time as a subtle mechanism for organizing culture and thought. The volume offers a representative, multi- and interdisciplinary collection of new papers on sociocultural situatedness, bringing together for the first time a wide variety of perspectives and case studies directed explicitly to elucidating the analytical potential of this concept for cognitive linguists and other researchers working in allied fields such as AI, discourse studies and cognitive anthropology. The book brings together several core issues related to the notion of sociocultural situatedness, some of which have been addressed previously, although to a large degree sporadically and from a variety of disciplinary perspectives without fully exploring the possible analytical advantages of this concept as a tool for investigating the role of culturally entrenched schemata in cognition and language. In short, this is the first comprehensive survey of sociocultural situatedness theory.
Body Language And Mind Sociocultural Situatedness
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Author : Tom Ziemke
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2007
Body Language And Mind Sociocultural Situatedness written by Tom Ziemke and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Includes papers, which introduce and elaborate upon the concept of sociocultural situatedness, understood as the way in which minds and cognitive processes are shaped, both individually and collectively, and by their interaction with culturally contextualized structures and practices.
The Erotic Life Of Manuscripts
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Author : Yii-Jan Lin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Erotic Life Of Manuscripts written by Yii-Jan Lin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Religion categories.
New Testament textual critics who used language to group texts into families and genealogies were not pioneering new approaches, but rather borrowing the metaphors and methods of natural scientists. Texts began to be classified into "families, tribes, and nations," and later were racialized as "African" or "Asian," with distinguishable "textual physiognomies" and "textual complexions." These genealogies would later be traced to show the inheritance of "corruptions" and "contamination" through generations, an understanding of textual diversity reflective of eighteenth- and ninteenth-century European anxieties over racial corruption and degeneration. While these biological metaphors have been powerful tools for textual critics, they also produce problematic understandings of textual "purity" and agency, with the use of scientific discourse artificially separating the work of textual criticism from literary interpretation.