Biomedical Ultrasonics Cavitation And Sonoporation
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Biomedical Ultrasonics Cavitation And Sonoporation
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Author : Spiros Kotopoulis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Biomedical Ultrasonics Cavitation And Sonoporation written by Spiros Kotopoulis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This thesis treats biomedical ultrasonics, cavitation and sonoporation. Focussed ultrasound surgery can heat tissue to a temperature that causes protein denaturation and coagulative necrosis. For high-resolution focused ultrasound microsurgery, high working frequencies are necessary. We manufactured a highfrequency, high-intensity focussed ultrasound transducer, using lithium niobate as the active element. The transducer was capable of creating 2.5x3.4 (mm)2 lesions without affecting surrounding tissue. Such disruptive effects of ultrasound also have applications outside medicine. Since cyanobacteria contain gas vesicles, we hypothesised that these can be disrupted with the aid of ultrasound. During 1-hour sonication in the clinical diagnostic range, we forced blue-green algae to sink, thus promoting natural decay. In medical diagnostics, ultrasound contrast agents are added to the blood stream to differentiate between blood and other tissue types. We injected such lipid-shelled microbubbles into a synthetic capillary and sonicated using continuous ultrasound. The microbubbles formed clusters at a quarter wavelength apart owing to radiation forces. We observed cluster coalescence and translation towards the capillary wall. To study acoustic cavitation, we designed and built a scientific instrument combining a pulsed laser and a high-intensity focussed ultrasound transducer, capable of nucleating at precise locations. The cavitation dynamics were recorded using highspeed cameras. At high acoustic intensities, interacting cavitation clouds were formed. Microbubbles under sonication have been observed to create transient pores in adjacent cell membranes. This so called sonoporation has been associated with highly non-linear bubble phenomena. We observed lipid-shelled microbubbles near cancer cells under quasi-continuous low-amplitude sonication. Typically within a second of sonication, microbubbles were seen to enter the cells and dissolve. This new explanation of sonoporation was verified using high-speed photography and confocal fluorescence microscopy. If drug and genes can be successfully coupled to acoustically active vehicles, sonoporation might revolutionise non-invasive therapy as we know it.
Cavitation In Biomedicine
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Author : Mingxi Wan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-29
Cavitation In Biomedicine written by Mingxi Wan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-29 with Medical categories.
This book offers a systematic introduction to the engineering principles and techniques of cavitation in biomedicine on the basis of its physics and mechanism. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it covers areas of interest ranging from physics and engineering to the biological and medical sciences. Individual chapters introduce the fundamentals of cavitation, describe its characterization, control and imaging techniques, and present cavitation-enhanced thermal and mechanical effects and their applications. Intended as both a reference work for graduate students, and as a guide for scientists and engineers who work with cavitation in biomedicine, it provides a broad and solid foundation of knowledge. The aim is to bridge the different disciplines involved, and to promote cross-discipline research, thus encouraging innovations in the scientific research and engineering applications alike. Dr. Mingxi Wan is a professor at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Dr. Yi Feng works at Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China; Dr. Gail ter Haar is a professor at The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surry, UK.
Biomedical Ultrasonics
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Author : Peter Neil Temple Wells
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Biomedical Ultrasonics written by Peter Neil Temple Wells and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Medical categories.
Wave fundamentals. Radiation. Generation and detection. Velocity, absorption and attenuation in biological materials. Scattering by biological materials. Pulse-echo methods. Doppler methods. Other diagnostic methods. Biological effetcts. Functional modifications: clinical applications. Analogy between mechanical and electromagnetic waves. The decibel notation. Historical review.
Principles And Applications Of Therapeutic Ultrasound In Healthcare
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Author : Yufeng Zhou
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-11-18
Principles And Applications Of Therapeutic Ultrasound In Healthcare written by Yufeng Zhou and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-18 with Medical categories.
Principles and Applications of Therapeutic Ultrasound in Healthcare introduces concepts, principles, construction, and applications of therapeutic ultrasound: from bench to bedside. A comprehensive examination of the industry and medical application of ultrasound therapy, this book highlights working principles, research progress, and system
Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy
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Author : Feng Wu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-07-31
Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Therapy written by Feng Wu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-31 with Medical categories.
Ultrasound has been widely used in diagnostic imaging for a long time. In the past 10 years, image-guided focused ultrasound therapy has seen rapid growth, in biomedical science and engineering, and in clinical medicine. The purpose of this book is to bring internationally renowned authorities and experts in this field together to provide up-to-date and comprehensive reviews of basic physics, biomedical engineering, and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy in a widely accessible fashion. Focusing on applications in cancer treatment, this book covers basic principles, practical aspects, and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy. It reviews the medical physics and bio-effects of focused ultrasound beams on living tissues, dosimetric methods and measurements, transducer engineering, image guidance and monitoring (including magnetic resonance imaging -- MRI -- and ultrasound), treatment delivery systems, and clinical applications. The book also gives practical guidelines on patient setup, target localisation, treatment planning and image-guided procedures for the treatment in various sites, including the prostate, liver, pancreas, breast, kidney, uterus, bone, and brain. The book discusses major challenges for the use of focused ultrasound energy on living tissues and explores the cellular and physiological responses that can be employed in the fight against cancer from biological, physics and engineering perspectives. It also highlights recent advances, including the treatment of solid tumours using image-guided drug delivery, and the exploitation of microbubbles, nanoparticles, and other cutting-edge techniques. Readers who are interested in learning more about the technique and the clinical applications described in each chapter can find more information in the comprehensive bibliographies provided. This book is suitable for anyone involved in, or looking to become involved in, the research and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy, including medical professionals, physicists, biomedical engineers, graduate students and others working in this multidisciplinary field. It offers a balanced and critical assessment of state-of-the-art technologies, major challenges, and an outlook on the future of focused ultrasound therapy. It presents a thorough introduction for those new to the field while providing helpful, up-to-date information and guidelines for readers already using this therapy in clinical and pre-clinical settings. Key Features: Brings together a wide range of world-leading experts in this new field, presenting the latest clinical outcomes of using focused ultrasound for the treatment of benign and malignant diseases Covers the fundamental physics of focused ultrasound therapy and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including chapters on the mechanism of sonoporation, microbubble and ultrasound interaction, and their potential clinical applications Introduces clinical guidelines for focused ultrasound therapy, including indications and contraindications, treatment goals, the selection of patients, clinical observation during treatment procedure and follow-up, and characteristics of image changes after treatment
Foundations Of Biomedical Ultrasound
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Author : Richard S. C. Cobbold
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-09-07
Foundations Of Biomedical Ultrasound written by Richard S. C. Cobbold and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-07 with Medical categories.
Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound provides a thorough and detailed treatment of the underlying physics and engineering of medical ultrasound practices. It covers the fundamental engineering behind ultrasound equipment, properties of acoustic wave motion, the behavior of waves in various media, non-linear waves and the creation of images. The most comprehensive book on the subject, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound is an indispensable reference for any medical professional working with ultrasound imaging, and a comprehensive introduction to the subject for students. The author has been researching and teaching biomedical ultrasonics at the University of Toronto for the past 25 years.
Medical Applications Of Ultrasound
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Author : Alina Karki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Medical Applications Of Ultrasound written by Alina Karki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Biofilms categories.
The ability of ultrasound to localize acoustic energy deposition and induce a biological effect within a target is examined in three novel biomedical applications: sonoporation, osteoporosis diagnosis, and biofilm mitigation.Ultrasound can excite encapsulated microbubbles, causing an acoustic cavitation effect in the vicinity of cells, temporarily increasing membrane permeability, and allowing cells to uptake foreign molecules. This non-viral transfection technique is called sonoporation. Our experimental study demonstrated that it could be effective for small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery into an isolated mouse and human T-cells, which is a complex process despite its importance in treating numerous diseases. T-cells are non-proliferating, while siRNA is a large, negatively charged, unstable molecule. Using flow cytometry, we determined the optimal ultrasound parameters for sonoporation, under which stable linear acoustic cavitation of bubbles occurs. We used the western blot technique to examine the inhibition of methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) expression in sonoporated mouse and human CD8 T-cells. Ultrasound parameters (velocity and attenuation) and bone porosity are sensitive to osteoporotic bone conditions, and hence investigating their relationship can be of potential use for diagnostic purposes. These parameters were measured for twenty one cancellous bone samples via in vitro ultrasonic spectroscopy through transmission mode using three center frequency transducers covering 1-7.8 MHz range frequencies. The results established the nonlinear relationship of porosity-attenuation coefficients and a linear relationship of porosity-velocity at all frequencies, with their maximum values at the lowest porosity and gradual decrease with increasing values of porosity for the range of porosities in our samples for all frequencies. We also obtained detailed measurements of the effect of ultrasound waves of three different frequencies and three amplitudes on the diffusion of nanoparticles of three different diameters in an agarose hydrogel, which mimics the porous structure of the extracellular polymeric substance matrix developed within a biofilm. The acoustic diffusion coefficients were higher than molecular diffusion coefficients, and there was a significant effect on diffusion coefficients with an increase in frequency and amplitudes for all size particles. The results agreed with the continuous-time random walk (CTRW) model of oscillatory diffusion by Balakrishnan and Venkataraman (1981), suggesting that nanoparticles undergo the phenomena of oscillatory diffusion under acoustic excitation, leading to oscillatory flow and retention of the particles by the porous medium. These results indicated that low-intensity ultrasound (
Essentials Of Medical Ultrasound
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Author : Michael H. Repacholi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Essentials Of Medical Ultrasound written by Michael H. Repacholi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
One of the first applications of ultrasound was in submarine sonar equip ment. Since then ultrasound has found increasing applications, particularly in industry, but increasingly in biomedicine. For many years ultrasound has been used in physical therapy, although only in the past decade or two has it evolved from laboratory curiosity to a well-established diagnostic imaging modality. Ultrasound is now a widely accepted, indeed pervasive, diagnos tic and therapeutic tool in the medical field, and its applications are increasing rapidly. Our intent in developing this book is to provide a coherent tutorial intro duction to the field of medical ultrasound at a level suitable for those en tering the area from either medical or scientific backgrounds. The topics discussed should be of interest to nearly all medical and health care per sonnel needing to understand or operate ultrasonic devices, including clini cians, medical technicians, physiotherapists, medical physicists, and other biomedical scientists interested in the field. The book opens with a description of the basic principles of propagating acoustic waves, explains how they interact with a wide range of biological systems, and outlines the effects they produce. To provide practical infor mation to operators of ultrasound equipment, we have included thorough coverage of the details of ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques, and set forth the framework for an effective quality assurance program.
Ultrasound
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Author : Kenneth Sanders Suslick
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Release Date : 1988
Ultrasound written by Kenneth Sanders Suslick and has been published by Wiley-VCH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Medical categories.
Ultrasound Its Applications In Medicine And Biology
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Author : Francis J. Fry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Ultrasound Its Applications In Medicine And Biology written by Francis J. Fry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Biophysics categories.