Bolivian Public Finances 1882 2007
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Bolivian Public Finances 1882 2007
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Author : José Alejandro Peres Cajías
language : es
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Bolivian Public Finances 1882 2007 written by José Alejandro Peres Cajías and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
"My dissertation aims at analyzing the impact of State intervention in Bolivia by looking at the long term evolution of Bolivian Public Finances, 1882-2007. My dissertation is compound by four different chapters. In the following lines, you may find a small abstract of each chapter. According to Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2002), Bolivia is a perfect example of the reversal of fortune (RF) hypothesis. This hypothesis, however, has been criticised for oversimplifying causal relationships by "compressing" history (Austin, 2008). In the case of Bolivia, a full contrast of the RF hypothesis would require a global approach to the entire postcolonial period, which has been prevented so far by the lack of quantitative information for the period before 1950. Chapter 1 aims at filling that gap by providing new income per capita estimates for Bolivia in 1890-1950 and a point guesstimate for the mid-nineteenth century. The new estimates indicate that post-colonial divergence has not been a persistent feature of Bolivian economic history. Instead, it was concentrated in the second half of the 19th century and the second half of the 20th century. Chapter 2 aims at offering a long-term and comparative study of Bolivian public finances using a new detailed database. The new quantitative evidence allows bringing new insights on the achievements and restrictions of State intervention in the country. First of all, it shows that whereas the importance of social expenditure has constantly grown within total public spending since the late 1930s, Bolivian public revenues have always had an unbalanced structure: from the 1880s to the 1980s the State was highly dependent on trade taxes; later on, on indirect internal taxes, and taxes and non-tax revenues derived from oil and gas exploitation. Secondly, it shows that Bolivian government revenues and expenditures were relatively small and volatile until the 1980s. Finally, it confirms that Central Government fiscal deficits have been constant, reaching in some periods, such as the early 1980s, a level that was especially damaging for the overall economy. Thus, beyond the existence or not of an explicit commitment by the political leadership towards certain types of public expenditures, the effectiveness of Bolivian public finances was often hindered by the difficulty to ensure a sustained flow of revenues. Chapter 3 aims at revisiting the debate on the evolution of Bolivian tariffs from the 1850s to the mid 1930s by presenting and discussing new quantitative evidence. Contrary to an old claim by Bolivian historiography, the chapter suggests that Bolivian tariff policy was not as passive as previously assumed and that, broadly speaking, Bolivian tariffs remained high during most of the period. Nevertheless, the chapter also suggests that tariff policy did not necessarily allow protecting those products which represented the main economic activity of the different Bolivian regions during this period of time. Two reasons would explain this result: a) the prevalence until the mid 1900s of disadvantageous trade agreements with neighboring countries as a consequence of both the initial fragility of the Bolivian State-building process and the lost of the Pacific War (1879); b) the impact that both geographical fragmentation and the regional unbalanced expansion of railways had on domestic transport costs. A widespread view suggests that, given an initial high level of inequality, Latin American States have been controlled by small elites that did not have any interest in tax collection (Sokoloff and Zolt, 2006) -since this would imply taxing themselves- or education spending (Engerman, Mariscal and Sokoloff, 2009) -which would involve a redistribution of resources. Chpater 4 aims at analyzing if educational spending in Bolivia, either fits well into this regional description up to present times or, by contrast, changed radically and took distance from the regional pattern after the 1952 Revolution. Taking advantage of new quantitative evidence, the paper stresses that the Revolution did not imply a substantial modification of the quality and redistributive character of the Bolivian education system. Three main findings support this claim: public spending in education was hardly sustainable over time; the inexistence of a substantial support to primary education may have reduce the redistributive impact of education spending; and education outputs, either in quantity or quality terms, were often among the worse in the region."--TDX.
Bolivia Public Finances 1882 2007
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Author : José Alejandro Peres Cajías
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Bolivia Public Finances 1882 2007 written by José Alejandro Peres Cajías and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Natural Resources And Divergence
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Author : Cristián Ducoing
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-01
Natural Resources And Divergence written by Cristián Ducoing and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Is the 'natural resource curse' destiny? Are different ways to link natural resources and economic development? Using two particular regions as case studies, this edited collection examines the divergent development paths of natural resource rich countries over the past two centuries. Bolivia, Chile and Peru are neighbour states with a common history and are globally known by their mining endowments. Norway and Sweden have also a strong common history, and different natural resource endowments (forestry, mining and fishing) are essential to understand their current economic success. By comparing natural resource management in the long run in these two divergent regions, this book can help rethink how developing countries can better take advantage of their natural resource endowments. Specifically, the book examines the interaction between natural resources and different key determinants of long-term development: trade, fiscal policy, sustainability, human capital accumulation and business strategies.
This Time Is Different
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Author : Carmen M. Reinhart
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-07
This Time Is Different written by Carmen M. Reinhart and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-07 with Business & Economics categories.
An empirical investigation of financial crises during the last 800 years.
The Emergence Of The Modern Central Bank And Global Cooperation
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Author : Barry Eichengreen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-10-31
The Emergence Of The Modern Central Bank And Global Cooperation written by Barry Eichengreen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Provides new analysis of the spread of central banking beyond Western Europe and North America in the 1920s and 1930s.
Roots Of Underdevelopment
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Author : Felipe Valencia Caicedo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-12-02
Roots Of Underdevelopment written by Felipe Valencia Caicedo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This book brings together world-renowned experts and rising scholars to provide a collection of chapters examining the long-term impact of historical events on modern-day economic and political developments in Latin America. It uses a novel approach, stressing empirical contributions and state-of-the-art empirical methods for causal identification. Contributing authors apply these cutting-edge tools to their topics of expertise, giving readers a compendium of frontier research in the region. Important questions of colonialism, migration, elites, land tenure, corruption, and conflict are examined and discussed in an approachable style. The book features a conclusion from Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at Stanford University. This book is critical reader for scholars and students of economic history, political science, political economy, development studies, and Latin American, and Caribbean studies.
Natural Resources And Economic Growth
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Author : Marc Badia-Miró
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-05-22
Natural Resources And Economic Growth written by Marc Badia-Miró and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-22 with Business & Economics categories.
The relationship between natural capital and economic growth is an open debate in the field of economic development. Is an abundance of natural resources a blessing or a curse for economic performance? The field of Economic History offers an excellent vantage to explore the relevance of institutions, technical progress and supply-demand drivers. Natural Resources and Economic Growth contains theoretical and empirical articles by leading scholars who have studied this subject in different historical periods from the 19th century to the present day and in different parts of the world. Part I presents the theoretical issues and discusses the meaning of the "curse" and the relevance of the historical perspective. Part II captures the diversity of experiences, presenting thirteen independent case studies based on historical results from North and South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania and Europe. This book emphasizes that an abundance of natural resources is not a fixed situation. It is a process that reacts to changes in the structure of commodity prices and factor endowments, and progress requires capital, labour, technical change and appropriate institutional arrangements. This abundance is not a given, but is part of the evolution of the economic system. History shows that institutional quality is the key factor to deal with abundant natural resources and, especially, with the rents derived from their use and exploitation. This wide ranging volume will be of great relevance to all those with an interest in economic history, development, economic growth, natural resources, world history and institutional economics.
Fragmented State Capacity
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Author : Marco Just Quiles
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-15
Fragmented State Capacity written by Marco Just Quiles and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-15 with Social Science categories.
Marco Just Quiles offers new perspectives on how domestic and external factors interact to shape variations in local state capacity. Using Bolivia as a case, he applies quantitative and qualitative methods to decode the nexus between global interdependencies, subnational bargaining processes, and diverging configurations of public service provision at the local level. Relying in part on newly compiled indicators, the author presents the ways in which shifting distributional coalitions between regional elites, central governments and their connections with international markets in different periods of the last century have produced the contemporary fragmentation of stateness in Bolivia.
Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction
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Author : Luis Bértola
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-25
Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction written by Luis Bértola and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.
The Liquidation Of Government Debt
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Author : Ms.Carmen Reinhart
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-01-21
The Liquidation Of Government Debt written by Ms.Carmen Reinhart and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-21 with Business & Economics categories.
High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression, a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or belowmarket real interest rates. After WWII, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. Financial repression is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative 1⁄2 of the time during 1945–1980. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12—country sample range from about 1 to 5 percent of GDP for the full 1945–1980 period. We suggest that, once again, financial repression may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.