Brackish Groundwater In The United States
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Brackish Groundwater In The United States
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Author : Jennifer S. Stanton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Brackish Groundwater In The United States written by Jennifer S. Stanton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Aquifers categories.
Desalination Of Brackish Groundwater In The United States
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Author : Yvana D. Ahdab
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Desalination Of Brackish Groundwater In The United States written by Yvana D. Ahdab and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Water scarcity around the globe has motivated rising interest in desalinating brackish groundwater to meet fresh water demand. Various organizations in the United States have collected more hydrological and chemical data from the growing number of wells. Yet, only one national assessment of groundwater resource distribution and availability has been conducted in the United States since the 1960s, and no national assessment has been conducted on the energy costs required to make brackish groundwater potable. Because the ionic composition of groundwater varies significantly from location to location, unlike seawater, conducting site-specific analyses of the resource across the U.S. is necessary. This thesis uses chemical and physical data from a U.S. Geological Survey dataset compiled in 2017, including samples from over 100,000 groundwater wells across the United States, to carry out a nationwide investigation of brackish groundwater composition and minimum desalination energy costs. Beginning with a full Pitzer-Kim mixed electrolyte model, we develop a thermodynamic analysis of the least work of separation in order to compute the site-specific least work of separation required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of real-world desalination systems. Then, we study the geographic distribution of least work of separation to determine areas with both low least work of separation and high water stress. These regions hold potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. We develop simplified equations for least work as a function of recovery ratio and the following parameters: total dissolved solids, specific conductance, ionic strength, and molality. Lastly, we examine the effects of groundwater composition on minimum energy costs, and the geographic distribution of total dissolved solids, well depth and major ions.
Brackish Groundwater And Its Potential As A Resource In The Southwestern United States
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Author : David W. Anning
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Brackish Groundwater And Its Potential As A Resource In The Southwestern United States written by David W. Anning and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Brackish waters categories.
Review Of Membrane Based Brackish Groundwater Desalination And Pretreatment In The United States
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Author : Flora Klise
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Review Of Membrane Based Brackish Groundwater Desalination And Pretreatment In The United States written by Flora Klise and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Membrane-based brackish groundwater desalination increases freshwater supply, which is especially significant in arid, land-locked regions. Brackish groundwater is a widely available but underutilized alternative water source in the United States, where the risk of water scarcity is increasing in many areas. A primary limitation of brackish groundwater desalination is particulate accumulation called scaling on the membranes. By pretreating feedwater before desalination by filtering or adding chemicals, a plant can increase its efficiency and decrease total costs by increasing its recovery ratio and decreasing membrane maintenance costs. If left untreated, these scalants accumulate on the membranes and require costly removal treatment techniques. Pretreatment requirements vary with feedwater composition, geography, and technology. The associated capital, operating and maintenance costs of membrane-based brackish groundwater desalination plants with pretreatment in the United States are influenced by factors such as plant capacity, feedwater TDS and pretreatment requirements. Environmental costs include brine disposal and carbon-emitting energy usage.
Brackish Groundwater And Its Potential To Augment Freshwater Supplies
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Author : Jennifer S. Stanton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Brackish Groundwater And Its Potential To Augment Freshwater Supplies written by Jennifer S. Stanton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Brackish waters categories.
An Assessment Of Brackish Groundwater And Wind Powered Desalination Opportunities In The United States And Arizona
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Author : James Androwski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
An Assessment Of Brackish Groundwater And Wind Powered Desalination Opportunities In The United States And Arizona written by James Androwski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Brackish waters categories.
National Brackish Groundwater Assessment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
National Brackish Groundwater Assessment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Aquifers categories.
Desalination Research
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Science
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Desalination Research written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Science and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Desalination
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-09-14
Desalination written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-14 with Science categories.
There has been an exponential increase in desalination capacity both globally and nationally since 1960, fueled in part by growing concern for local water scarcity and made possible to a great extent by a major federal investment for desalination research and development. Traditional sources of supply are increasingly expensive, unavailable, or controversial, but desalination technology offers the potential to substantially reduce water scarcity by converting the almost inexhaustible supply of seawater and the apparently vast quantities of brackish groundwater into new sources of freshwater. Desalination assesses the state of the art in relevant desalination technologies, and factors such as cost and implementation challenges. It also describes reasonable long-term goals for advancing desalination technology, posits recommendations for action and research, estimates the funding necessary to support the proposed research agenda, and identifies appropriate roles for governmental and nongovernmental entities.
Brackish Groundwater In The United States
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Author : Jennifer S. Stanton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Brackish Groundwater In The United States written by Jennifer S. Stanton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Aquifers categories.