Breastfeeding And Metabolic Programming
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Breastfeeding And Metabolic Programming
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Author : Özlem Naciye Şahin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-09-05
Breastfeeding And Metabolic Programming written by Özlem Naciye Şahin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-05 with Medical categories.
This comprehensive and updated book focuses on breastfeeding and its long-term effects which affect health and development, providing a protective metabolic programming against chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. All recent developments of programming effects of breastfeeding are covered in chapters that provide fundamental knowledge besides update and sophisticated information on the subject. Special focus on: Metabolic programming Neuro-developmental Programming Infections This book will benefit neonatologists, pediatricians, GPs, obstetricians, endocrinologists and all health professionals interested in this quite new and developing topic. Residents and student will appreciate the contents coverage and clarity.
How Breastfeeding Can Help Prevent Childhood Obesity
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Author : Aurora Brooks
language : en
Publisher: BabyDreamers.net
Release Date : 101-01-01
How Breastfeeding Can Help Prevent Childhood Obesity written by Aurora Brooks and has been published by BabyDreamers.net this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 101-01-01 with Health & Fitness categories.
How Breastfeeding Can Help Prevent Childhood Obesity is a comprehensive guide that explores the important role of breastfeeding in preventing childhood obesity. This short read book provides valuable insights into the benefits of breastfeeding, the impact of breastfeeding duration, and the various factors that influence breastfeeding practices. The book begins with an introduction to the concept of metabolic programming and how breastfeeding plays a crucial role in shaping a child's metabolism. It then delves into the numerous benefits of breast milk, highlighting its role in appetite regulation and its unique composition that promotes healthy growth and development. One of the key topics covered in this book is the impact of exclusive breastfeeding on obesity prevention. It discusses the research and evidence supporting the notion that exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a baby's life can significantly reduce the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal factors also play a significant role in breastfeeding practices, and this book explores the relationship between maternal obesity, diet, and breast milk composition. It also addresses the socioeconomic factors that can influence breastfeeding rates and disparities, providing insights into how to support breastfeeding in low-income communities. The book goes on to discuss various interventions and strategies to promote breastfeeding, including education and counseling for mothers, workplace support, and the importance of combining breastfeeding with healthy complementary foods. It also emphasizes the role of healthcare providers in promoting and supporting breastfeeding, highlighting the need for training and creating breastfeeding-friendly environments. Community support is another crucial aspect covered in this book, with a focus on peer support networks and the role of lactation consultants in providing breastfeeding support. It also sheds light on the importance of public health policies and breastfeeding-friendly hospital practices, as well as the impact of breastfeeding promotion campaigns. To address common queries and concerns, the book concludes with a section dedicated to frequently asked questions, providing readers with practical answers and guidance. In conclusion, How Breastfeeding Can Help Prevent Childhood Obesity is an informative and insightful book that highlights the importance of breastfeeding in preventing childhood obesity. Whether you are a new parent, a healthcare provider, or simply interested in the topic, this book offers valuable knowledge and practical advice to support and promote breastfeeding practices. Get your copy now and discover the power of breastfeeding in shaping a healthier future for our children. Plus, as a bonus, you can also get the book How To Be A Super Mom 100% FREE. This title is a short read. A Short Read is a type of book that is designed to be read in one quick sitting. These no fluff books are perfect for people who want an overview about a subject in a short period of time. Table of Contents How Breastfeeding Can Help Prevent Childhood Obesity Breastfeeding and Metabolic Programming Benefits of Breast Milk Role of Breast Milk in Appetite Regulation Impact of Breastfeeding Duration Exclusive Breastfeeding and Obesity Prevention Maternal Factors and Breastfeeding Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding Maternal Diet and Breast Milk Composition Socioeconomic Factors and Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Disparities Supporting Breastfeeding in Low-Income Communities Interventions and Breastfeeding Promotion Breastfeeding Education and Counseling Workplace Support for Breastfeeding Combining Breastfeeding with Healthy Complementary Foods Timing of Complementary Food Introduction Healthy Complementary Food Choices Role of Healthcare Providers Training Healthcare Providers Creating Breastfeeding-Friendly Environments Community Support and Breastfeeding Peer Support Networks Lactation Consultants and Breastfeeding Support Public Health Policies and Breastfeeding Breastfeeding-Friendly Hospital Practices Breastfeeding Promotion Campaigns Frequently Asked Questions
Role Of Early Postnatal Nutrition During Lactation In Offspring Metabolic Health Programming
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Author : Sílvia Ribó Gené
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Role Of Early Postnatal Nutrition During Lactation In Offspring Metabolic Health Programming written by Sílvia Ribó Gené and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Childhood obesity and overweight can often cause severe complications, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, amongst other disorders. Several studies have shown that early postnatal nutrition is of great importance in modulating newborn health outcomes. In this work, we have studied the role of nutrition during early stages of life in long-term metabolic health applying two different approaches: a) transgenerational transmission of impaired metabolic health induced by accelerated early weight gain caused by postnatal overnutrition and b) short and long-term metabolic effects on offspring of maternal diet supplementation with betaine. Rapid weight gain during early life has been associated with several components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Previously we developed a mouse model of neonatal overfeeding and rapid weight gain by litter size reduction. Neonatal overnutrition (ON) altered the metabolism of the exposed individuals (F0). Furthermore, offspring (F1) and grand-offspring (F2) of postnatal overfed male mice also developed metabolic complications during adulthood. In agreement, it has been shown that environmental exposure on males can affect health in subsequent generations. Here, we hypothesized that epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding-RNA, might be involved in the inheritance of diabetes risk in our model. We analyzed sperm methylome of F0 and F1 generations, and in the liver of 8-day-old mice of F1 and F2 generations, observing significant changes in methylation of specific DNA regions. We found 912 probes differentially methylated when comparing control and ON mice throughout the three generations, between the two tissues. Our results suggest that methylation of the male germ line caused by nutritional challenges during early life may carry information that influence metabolism across multiple generations. We then analyzed gene expression by qPCR of these genes in the liver of 8-days-old mice finding differences in some genes. Breast milk composition is important in modulating growth and health of the infant. Amongst the many nutrients that breast milk contains one worth highlighting is glycine betaine (or betaine). In addition to decreasing levels of fat in the liver, previous data demonstrated that maternal supplementation with betaine during breastfeeding also improves glucose homeostasis and modulates offspring early-life gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota in the newborn is defined at birth and during early nutrition. Breast milk also contains essential bacteria that can influence gut microbiota composition of the breastfed infant. Changes in the microbiome caused by antibiotic administration during early life were significantly correlated to higher adiposity and development of obesity during adulthood. We observed beneficial short and long-term metabolic effects of betaine on offspring and protection against adult diet-induced obesity. We have analyzed ilea and gut microbiota of mice supplemented with betaine, and with or without antibiotics at different stages of life. Analyzing the microbiome we found that microbial community composition was modulated by betaine supplementation in 2-week-old offspring. Antibiotic treatment annulled completely long-term betaine-induced effects on body weight. Moreover, glucose tolerance was no longer improved when combining antibiotics with betaine treatment. -- TDX.
Early Nutrition And Its Later Consequences New Opportunities
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Author : Berthold Koletzko
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-10-22
Early Nutrition And Its Later Consequences New Opportunities written by Berthold Koletzko and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-22 with Medical categories.
Health problems such as hypertension, tendency to diabetes, obesity, blood lipids, vascular disease, bone health, behaviour and learning and longevity may be ‘imprinted’ during early life. This process is defined as ‘programming’ whereby a nutritional stimulus operating at a critical, sensitive period of pre and postnatal life imprints permanent effects on the structure, physiology and metabolism. For this reason, academics and industry set-up the EC supported Scientific Workshop -Early Nutrition and its Later Consequences: New Opportunities. The prime objective of the Workshop was to generate a sound exchange of the latest scientific developments within the field of early nutrition to look for opportunities for new preventive health concepts. Further, a closer look was taken at the development of food applications which could provide (future) mothers and infants with improved nutrition that will ultimately lead to better future health. The Workshop was organised by the Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Munich, Germany in collaboration with the Danone Institutes and the Infant Nutrition Cluster, a collaboration of three large research projects funded by the EU.
Early Nutrition Programming And Health Outcomes In Later Life Obesity And Beyond
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Author : Berthold Koletzko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-01-31
Early Nutrition Programming And Health Outcomes In Later Life Obesity And Beyond written by Berthold Koletzko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-31 with Medical categories.
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and presents a major challenge to policy makers and clinicians alike. Recent research has suggested that obesity has its origins in early life and that early diet can programme a developing fetus’ and young infant’s future susceptibility to obesity. This volume contains recent findings presented at the International Conference on Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Obesity and Beyond - a satellite meeting of the 15th European Congress on Obesity, held in Budapest in April 2007. Basic scientific research, data from epidemiological studies and clinical trial results were all presented during the programme. This volume includes articles discussing the evidence for an effect of early nutrition programming on later obesity and cardiovascular risk; the growing evidence for an intergenerational cycle of obesity; the role of maternal leptin in programming appetite; possible cellular mechanisms for altered energy balance, including mitochondrial programming and the effects of regulators of metabolism; and how epigenetic changes might be the fundamental underlying mechanism explaining programming effects. Consumer understanding of the concept of early nutrition programming and the extent to which early nutrition programming is taken into account in infant feeding policies are also discussed.
Developmental Programming Of Diabetes And Metabolic Syndrome
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Author : Marlon E. Cerf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008-01-01
Developmental Programming Of Diabetes And Metabolic Syndrome written by Marlon E. Cerf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Abnormalities, Human categories.
Diabetes is increasing rapidly in both the Westernized and developing world. Apart from specific genes implicated in the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease, environmental factors such as high fat diets, obesity, urbanization and leading a sedentary lifestyle are also implicated. Developmental programming can be defined by changes induced by either a stimulus or insult in an organism during critical periods of development and growth such as fetal and early postnatal life. In this review book Developmental Programming of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome, the authors address the programming effects that induce a diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome phenotype. These mostly include animal models that usually aid in elucidating possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of disease. However, in Chapter 1, Roseboom et al. report on the findings in humans exposed to the Dutch Winter famine. The 1944-1945 Dutch famine was a 5 month period of extreme food shortage in a previously well nourished population. Participants exposed to famine in mid gestation and early gestation had a lower insulin response relative to insulin sensitivity. There was an increased response to the psychological stress protocol in terms of systolic blood pressure in those individuals exposed to famine in early gestation, suggesting programming of the central nervous system. Exposure to famine during early gestation was also associated with a strikingly doubled risk of coronary heart disease in later life. Chapter 2 by Bouret discusses the neurodevelopmental actions of the hormones insulin and leptin. Leptin regulates appetite-related neuropeptides in the hypothalamus during early development and also plays a critical role in the development of metabolic circuits. Insulin also appears to exert important influences on the development of central nervous system circuits that regulate energy homeostasis. In Chapter 3, Palou et al. highlight the importance of breastfeeding as opposed to using milk formulae in infants. Leptin, which is found in breast milk, is identified as having beneficial effects in preventing obesity. Leptin exerts important effects in a physiologically regulated manner during early postnatal life, in the neonatal control of energy balance and possibly in other functions during development. Alexander et al. discuss the placental insufficiency model that leads to hypertension in Chapter 4. Hypertension is strongly linked with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Sex differences are implicated with hormones specific to females believed to play a protective role. The renin angiotensin system may also contribute to the etiology of hypertension programmed by placental insufficiency. In Chapter 5, Zambrano and Alcantara report on the transgenerational mechanisms implicated in the developmental programming of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Adverse consequences of an altered intrauterine environment can be passed transgenerationally from mother to daughter to second generation offspring by mechanisms that do not involve genetic changes but the altered expression of the genes. This concept is interpreted as changes in gene function that occur without changes in gene sequence and coined epigenetics. Epigenetic states can be modified by environmental factors, which may contribute to the development of abnormal phenotypes. Epigenetic modifications can occur during gestation, neonatal development, puberty, menopause and in old age and provides evidence of the transmission of undesirable traits from one generation to the next. In Chapter 6, Du and Zhu report on the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is a major site for insulin-stimulated uptake of glucose and free fatty acids. An impairment in this process usually results in the manifestation of insulin resistance. AMP-activated protein kinase is suggested to play a major role in inducing insulin resistance in fetal skeletal muscle due to maternal obesity and overnutrition. The changes in fetal muscle development are at least partially associated with the changes in insulin/IGF-1 signaling in fetal muscle. Herrera and Ramos report on the effects of malnutrition and altered dietary composition on diabetes in Chapter 7. Fetal development depends on the continuous availability of nutrients coming from maternal circulation. The two pathways present in adipose tissue, lipogenesis and glycerogenesis, are normally enhanced by insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation of a combination of both omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids during the perinatal period has been proposed to prevent diabetes mellitus. The prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in adults that were breast fed may be due to the presence of significant amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human breast milk. In Chapter 8, Cerf and Louw discuss the high saturated fat programming effects on beta-cell development and function in neonatal and weanling offspring. High fat programming is induced by maternal high saturated fat intake during defined periods of gestation and/or lactation and programmes the physiology and metabolism of the offspring in early life. High fat programming affects the expression of key beta-cell genes. This in turn affects the ability of the beta-cells to develop and function properly. It is important, therefore, for proper maternal nutrition to be maintained during pregnancy and lactation to ensure normal health and development of the progeny. Developmental programming has lasting consequences in offspring. Programming not only induces adverse effects in physiology and metabolism. By identifying the optimum physiological and metabolic environments in utero and in early postnatal life, offspring health can be achieved. The challenge lies ahead for researchers to positively manipulate programming in order to ensure optimal health. This will aid in the prevention of diabetes and metabolic disease.
Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation
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Author : Leanne M. Redman
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-01-03
Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation written by Leanne M. Redman and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-03 with Science categories.
Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
The Baboon In Biomedical Research
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Author : John L. VandeBerg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-04
The Baboon In Biomedical Research written by John L. VandeBerg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-04 with Science categories.
Nonhuman primates have played critical roles in biomedical research, and they are among the few animals whose use in research continues to increase. The scienti?c value of nonhuman primates derives from their close phylogenetic proximity to man and their consequent anatomic, physiologic, and genetic similarities to man. Only nonhuman primates can provide adequate models for many complex physiological and disease processes of humans. The baboon is a relative newcomer to the repertoire of nonhuman primates used in biomedical research. However, in less than 50 years since its ?rst use in the U. S. , it has become one of the most popular laboratory primate species. It is larger than the other widely used monkey species, making it advantageous for many types of experiments and technological developments. It is extraordinarily hardy and highly fecund in captivity. It closely resembles humans in a variety of physiological and disease processes, such as cholesterol metabolism, early stages of atherosclerosis, and alcoholic liver disease. Its chromosomes closely resemble those of humans, and many genes of the two species lie in the same chromosomal order. Among all primates, baboons are the most widely used models for the genetics of susceptibility to complex diseases and they are the ?rst nonhuman primate for which a framework genetic linkage map was established. In addition, the baboon genome is currently being sequenced, and as a result the utility of this species for biomedical research will be dramatically increased.
Maternal Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation
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Author : Michael E. Symonds
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-28
Maternal Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation written by Michael E. Symonds and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-28 with Family & Relationships categories.
With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.
Review Of Wic Food Packages
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-08-06
Review Of Wic Food Packages written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-06 with Medical categories.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began 40 years ago as a pilot program and has since grown to serve over 8 million pregnant women, and mothers of and their infants and young children. Today the program serves more than a quarter of the pregnant women and half of the infants in the United States, at an annual cost of about $6.2 billion. Through its contribution to the nutritional needs of pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women; infants; and children under 5 years of age; this federally supported nutrition assistance program is integral to meeting national nutrition policy goals for a significant portion of the U.S. population. To assure the continued success of the WIC, Congress mandated that the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reevaluate the program's food packages every 10 years. In 2014, the USDA asked the Institute of Medicine to undertake this reevaluation to ensure continued alignment with the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This, the second report of this series, provides a summary of the work of phase I of the study, and serves as the analytical underpinning for phase II in which the committee will report its final conclusions and recommendations.