Bridge Weigh In Motion Challenges And Opportunities
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Bridge Weigh In Motion Challenges And Opportunities
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Author : Xiangang Lai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Bridge Weigh In Motion Challenges And Opportunities written by Xiangang Lai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Bridges categories.
Traffic loads on the highway bridges have been increasing in the past years. Actual truck axle configurations and weights may deviate significantly from standard legal design trucks depending on States, freight corridors, and seasons. Changes in legal truckloads are often made by state legislatures based on the pressure by the trucking industry. It is important to understand how trucks impact bridges and whether they cause deterioration and degradation so that policy decisions on legal truckloads can be based on scientific facts. The information of the actual passing vehicles that would be required to address such concerns includes actual truck axle loads and configurations, speeds, and dynamic effects. The critical questions are: How can we measure truck axle configurations and weights over the long term? How can we identify and measure the corresponding critical bridge responses over the long term, and how can we relate these to changes in the bridge life cycle? Finding objective answers to these questions requires complex research. This study is a first step through exploring bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) algorithms, which help to capture the truck’s information for instrumented bridges in operations. Several B-WIM algorithms were inspected first and classified based on their assumptions in incorporating dynamic bridge vehicle interaction. For instance, B-WIM algorithms can be classified as static and dynamic. For the static case, the dynamic effect caused by the interaction between vehicle and bridge is mostly ignored, which results in significant inaccuracies when the dynamic component of the coupled systems is not insignificant or challenging to filter out. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on dynamic algorithms. Various dynamic algorithms, such as dynamic programming and augmented Kalman filters (AKF), have been investigated for their challenges and opportunities they offer into B-WIM applications. Various techniques were employed to address the potential deficiency of dynamic algorithms. These techniques include modal superposition technique to deal with complex structures, mode truncation, singular value decomposition to mitigate the singularity of the formulation matrices, and dummy measurements to improve the identification process's observability. The influence of different parameters on the performance of AKF based B-WIM algorithms were investigated via a parametric study of a simply supported beam subject to moving forces. The results show that those parameter has been carefully chosen for the success of the force prediction. A B-WIM framework was developed. The framework is composed of all the components required to estimate the vehicular weights all the way up from conceptualizations. Critical ones include structural identification to prepare the digital twin, eigenvalue reduction to reduce the dimension of the problem, the numerically verified AKF algorithm, and a parameter tuning method based on optimization technique. A scale model inspired by a typical highway bridge span was designed and constructed in the laboratory following the Similitude Theory. It aims to demonstrate the capability of the proposed B-WIM framework. Multiple tests with different vehicular speeds, weights, and moving paths were conducted and analyzed. Complete force-time histories were predicted and discussed. For B-WIM, the vehicular weights were calculated by averaging the force-time history segment where the vehicle was entirely on the bridge, and results show good agreement between the predicted forces and the static weights.
Development Of A Bridge Weigh In Motion System
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Author : Arturo Gonzalez
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2010-05
Development Of A Bridge Weigh In Motion System written by Arturo Gonzalez and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05 with categories.
Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) data can be used to predict future traffic volumes and weights for the planning of new infrastructure, the management of maintenance activities, the identification/reduction of overloading problems and the evaluation of the performance of pavements and bridges. Most WIM systems are based on sensors placed in or on the pavement that measure the wheel force applied over them during a very short time. The value of this force varies as a result of road roughness and vehicle dynamics leading to limited accuracy for estimating static weights. Additionally, these systems experience durability problems due to traffic and environmental conditions. An alternative approach to WIM that addresses these limitations is the use of an instrumented bridge to weigh vehicles (B-WIM). This approach is the subject of research in this book. Inaccuracies derived from discrepancies between theoretical B-WIM algorithms and bridge measurements are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The text also describes the development of a B-WIM system in Ireland, including all aspects of installation, calibration, data collection and its processing into useful traffic information.
Simulation Of Bridge Weigh In Motion System Integrated With Bridge Safety
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Author : Zhisong Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Simulation Of Bridge Weigh In Motion System Integrated With Bridge Safety written by Zhisong Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Bridges categories.
Bridge weigh-in-motion system (B-WIM) testing is a popular technology in bridge applications. The B-WIM system can track extensive information about loading conditions to which bridges are subjected, and engineers can evaluate the responses of bridges and assess their performance relative to the safety index and serviceability. FAD (Free-of-Axle-Detector) or NOR (Nothing-On-Road) B-WIM system works well, but only if the system detects axle locations. In the USA, there are challenges for some beam-and-slab bridges. In the first manuscript, we describe a study with alternative strategies for sensor types and sensor installation locations for beam-and-slab bridges. The sensor layouts are identified and two new sensors are investigated. Most of the commercially available B-WIM systems are based on an algorithm developed by Moses (1979). The performance of this method is acceptable for estimating gross vehicle weight (GVW), but it can be unsatisfactory for estimating single axle loads. In order to improve the accuracy to an acceptable level, two algorithms are proposed. The second and third manuscripts present the measurement of axle weights and GVWs of moving heavy vehicles based on these algorithms. As determined in a case study of a bridge on US-78, both algorithms significantly improved the accuracy of measurements of axle weights in comparison with the commercial B-WIM system. Existing bridges may be functionally obsolete or have deficient structures based on older design codes or features. These bridges are not unsafe for normal vehicle traffic, but they can be vulnerable to specific traffic conditions. We propose, in manuscript 4, use of a simulation model based on B-WIM experimental data derived during extreme events. The results provide an improved understanding of the possible deficiencies of this bridge, and an appropriate retrofit is suggested. Finally, the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) is a significant parameter for design new of bridges and for evaluation of existing bridges. AASHTO guidelines provided very conservative values. So, improved methods for determination of DAF values need to be developed to evaluate the safety of existing bridges. This manuscript presents a simulation method to evaluate the DAF of existing bridges by use of the B-WIM data. The accurate results are obtained based on site-specific data.
Evaluation Of The Bridge Weigh In Motion System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Evaluation Of The Bridge Weigh In Motion System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Bridges categories.
The Accuracy Of Bridge Weigh In Motion Systems
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Author : Anthony T. Dempsey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Accuracy Of Bridge Weigh In Motion Systems written by Anthony T. Dempsey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Development Of A Low Cost Bridge Weigh In Motion System
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Author : Bridge Weighing Systems, Inc
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Development Of A Low Cost Bridge Weigh In Motion System written by Bridge Weighing Systems, Inc and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Bridges categories.
The Calibration Of Bridge Weigh In Motion Systems
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Author : Michael Quilligan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
The Calibration Of Bridge Weigh In Motion Systems written by Michael Quilligan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Bridges categories.
Opportunities And Challenges For Improving Truck Safety On Our Highways
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Opportunities And Challenges For Improving Truck Safety On Our Highways written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Fatigue categories.
Evaluation Of The Bridge Weigh In Motion System
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Evaluation Of The Bridge Weigh In Motion System written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Government publications categories.
This demonstration project allowed Wisconsin Dept. of Transportation to test the overall performance of Bridge weigh in motion equipment as well as develop an entirely new comprehensive and representative truck weight database.
Structural Health Monitoring And Development Of A Bridge Weigh In Motion System For A Multi Girder Steel Composite Bridge
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Author : A. J. Cardini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Structural Health Monitoring And Development Of A Bridge Weigh In Motion System For A Multi Girder Steel Composite Bridge written by A. J. Cardini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.