Captured Money Differences In The Performance Characteristics Of Retail And Institutional Mutual Funds
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Captured Money Differences In The Performance Characteristics Of Retail And Institutional Mutual Funds
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Author : Jason J. Karceski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Captured Money Differences In The Performance Characteristics Of Retail And Institutional Mutual Funds written by Jason J. Karceski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Since the early 1990s, a number of mutual funds have emerged that cater exclusively to institutional investors, i.e. pension funds, trusts and corporate benefit plans. Information on the performance and flows into institutional mutual funds provides a unique opportunity to compare the factors influencing investment decisions of institutional investors to those of individual retail investors. We find that despite significantly lower expenses, on average institutional funds do not outperform retail funds. In addition, investors in institutional funds do not chase returns the same way that retail customers do. One explanation for the lack of any flow performance relationship is that some investors in these funds do not closely monitor the investment decisions made on their behalf by trustees and other institutional money managers. We refer to this as the capture hypothesis. To test the capture hypothesis we split institutional funds based on investor clientele and minimum investment requirements (a proxy for the costs of monitoring). Consistent with the capture hypothesis, we find institutional funds with relatively low investment requirements and funds with retail mates perform worse than other institutional funds both before and after adjusting for risk and expenses. Moreover, while cash flows into institutional funds are less sensitive to fund performance than are flows into retail funds, flows into institutional funds with high investment requirements are significantly more sensitive to risk-adjusted measures of performance than flows into retail funds. This suggests that some institutional investors focus on different performance criteria than retail investors.
Investment Philosophies
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Author : Aswath Damodaran
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-01-20
Investment Philosophies written by Aswath Damodaran and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-20 with Business & Economics categories.
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Swing Pricing And Fragility In Open End Mutual Funds
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Author : Dunhong Jin
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-11-01
Swing Pricing And Fragility In Open End Mutual Funds written by Dunhong Jin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.
Research Handbook On Shareholder Power
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Author : Jennifer G. Hill
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2015-07-31
Research Handbook On Shareholder Power written by Jennifer G. Hill and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-31 with Law categories.
Much of the history of corporate law has concerned itself not with shareholder power, but rather with its absence. Recent shifts in capital market structure require a reassessment of the role and power of shareholders. These original, specially commiss
Performance And Characteristics Of Actively Managed Retail Mutual Funds With Diverse Expense Ratios
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Author : John A. Haslem
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Performance And Characteristics Of Actively Managed Retail Mutual Funds With Diverse Expense Ratios written by John A. Haslem and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
In this study, we provide extensive evidence on the performance and characteristics of 1,779 U.S. domestic, actively managed retail equity mutual funds. We find that expense ratios differ widely among Morningstar categories. Overall, our results indicate that funds with low expense ratios outperform those with higher expense ratios. An implication of these findings is that retail investors generally could gain insight into fund expenses and performance prospects relative to peers if research services such as Morningstar, Lipper, and Value Line included each fund's expense ratio standard deviation class in their basic suite of data items.Consistent with previous studies, we find strong evidence that the average actively managed mutual fund fails to outperform its benchmark after expenses. Furthermore, the probability of a fund achieving a positive risk-adjusted return increases as its expense ratio decreases. Similar findings in the past have lead many experts to conclude that investors would be better off in low-cost passively managed index funds. Our results show that expenses must be at least one and perhaps two standard deviations below the peer-group mean for investors to have close to a 50-50 chance of beating a relevant benchmark.We also examine mutual fund characteristics partitioned by expense ratio class. Compared with funds in high and very high expense ratio classes, our major results show that those in low or very low expense ratio classes have significantly lower front-end and deferred loads, 12b-1 fees, management fees, and turnover. An implication of this evidence is that expense conscious investors should look carefully at these fund characteristics before investing.Our study provides evidence that supports links between mutual fund performance and fund attributes. Based on our regression analysis, we find evidence suggesting that larger equity funds tend to outperform smaller equity funds, which may reflect economies of scale. We find a significant negative relation between performance and loads (especially front-end loads), turnover, and beta (specifically using three-year performance measures). In addition, our results indicate no significant relation between performance and 12b-1 fees. We find evidence of statistically significant but mixed performance results for beta, cash, and dividend yields. In general, investors should be aware of these relations before investing.
Mutual Funds And Institutional Investments
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Author : Estelle James
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Mutual Funds And Institutional Investments written by Estelle James and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Administrative Costs categories.
Abstract: One of the biggest criticisms leveled at defined contribution individual account (IA) components of social security systems is that they are too expensive. This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of three options for constructing funded social security pillars: 1) IA's invested in the retail market with relatively open choice, 2) IA's invested in the institutional market with constrained choice among investment companies, and 3) a centralized fund without individual accounts or differentiated investments across individuals. Our questions: What is the most cost-effective way to organize a mandatory IA system, how does the cost of an efficient IA system compare with that of a single centralized fund, and are the cost differentials large enough to outweigh the other important considerations? Our answers, based on empirical evidence about mutual and institutional funds in the U.S.: The retail market (option 1) allows individual investors to benefit from scale economies in asset management, but at the cost of high marketing expenses that are needed to attract and aggregate small sums of money into large pools. In contrast, a centralized fund (option 3) can be much cheaper because it achieves scale economies without high marketing costs, but gives workers no choice and hence is subject to political manipulation and misallocation of capital. Mandatory IA systems can be structured to get the best of both worlds: to obtain scale economies in asset management without incurring high marketing costs or sacrificing worker choice. To accomplish this requires centralized collections, a modest level of investor service and constrained choice. The system of constrained choice described in this paper (option 2) is much cheaper than the retail market and only slightly more expensive than a single centralized fund. We estimate that it will cost only .14-.18% of assets annually. These large administrative cost savings imply a Pareto improvement so long as choice is not constrained too much.'
Comparing Performance Sensitivity Of Retail And Institutional Mutual Funds Investment Flows
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Author : Mieszko Mazur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Comparing Performance Sensitivity Of Retail And Institutional Mutual Funds Investment Flows written by Mieszko Mazur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
In this paper, we examine and compare the form of the flow-performance relationship for U.S. retail and institutional mutual funds. We provide evidence that the convex form of the flow-performance function documented by previous research characterizes mostly the relationship in the upper region of the performance scale. In contrast, the flow-performance relationship for the low-performance region appears to be concave. Furthermore, we document that the observed convexity is more pronounced for retail funds, while the concavity can be mainly attributed to institutional funds.
Investors Reactions To Manipulation Of Performance Measures
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Author : Bin Yu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Investors Reactions To Manipulation Of Performance Measures written by Bin Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Investment analysis categories.
This thesis investigates how manipulation of fund performances affects fund flow in the US open-ended mutual fund industry. The flaws of conventional performance measures (CPMs) enable fund managers to artificially augment fund performance so as to attract more money. By comparing CPMs with manipulation proof performance measures (MPPM) introduced by Goezmann, Ingersoll, Spiegel, and Welch (2007), we verify that manipulation exists in the mutual fund industry. Using U.S. open-ended mutual fund data from 1991 to 2007, we classify the sample into manipulated and un-manipulated funds, and further demonstrate that individual investors, rather than institutional investors, are more prone to being deceived by manipulation behaviors and thus provide more money to manipulated funds. We start in Chapter 2 with the question of the best model for predicting fund flow. Using a US mutual fund sample as empirical evidence, we compare multiple models of predicting expected flow, and find that models considering a variety of regressors (e.g. past performance, fund size, age) outperform the models that only include lagged flow as the explanatory variable. We then generate the expected flow from the best predicting model, which together with total flow would be used when assessing the investors' reactions to manipulation. Chapter 3 examines whether fund performance measures are manipulated. We show that MPPM can help avoid manipulation, and there is a significant performance discrepancy between MPPM and CPMs when compared to the market. Hence we verify that there are performance manipulations in the mutual fund industry. In addition, we find that the manipulated funds are mainly funds with excess returns below the mean, and the manipulation on retail funds and new funds are more significant. Moreover, we find that after the new Morning Star Rating, which applies a similar intuition as MPPM, was popularized in 2002, the manipulations of performance significantly decreased. Given that CPMs can be manipulated, Chapter 4 investigates whether investors are deceived and provide more money to these funds. After controlling for endogeneity between fund flow and performance, we find that the manipulated funds attract significantly more money in comparison with a group of un-manipulated funds. Specifically, we show that in the retail sample, manipulations have a significantly positive effect on flows, whereas the effect is insignificant in the wholesale subsample. -- provided by Candidate.
The Determinants Of Investment Flows
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Author : Galla Salganik-Shoshan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Determinants Of Investment Flows written by Galla Salganik-Shoshan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This paper compares the fund selection criteria used by investors in retail mutual funds with the criteria of investors in institutional mutual funds. I find that, compared with investors of retail mutual funds, clients of institutional mutual funds use more quantitatively sophisticated criteria such as risk-adjusted return measures and tracking error, demonstrate stronger momentum-driven and herding behaviors, and are less sensitive to fund expense ratio. In addition, I provide evidence that the previously-documented convex form of the flow-performance relationship is driven mostly by retail funds.
Performance And Characteristics Of Retail S P 500 Index Mutual Funds
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Author : John A. Haslem
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Performance And Characteristics Of Retail S P 500 Index Mutual Funds written by John A. Haslem and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
We investigate the performance and attributes of 136 retail mutual funds tracking the Samp;P 500 Index across diverse expense ratio classes. Our performance measures are the Sharpe ratio, Jensen's alpha, and annualized total returns. Attributes analyzed for their relation to expense ratios include front-end loads, deferred charges, 12b-1 fees, fund size, fund age, cash holdings and turnover. The evidence shows that Samp;P 500 Index funds with low expense ratios outperform those with high expense ratios. Expense ratios generally decrease as 12b-1 fees and deferred charges decrease and as fund size and age increase. Investors should not view Samp;P 500 Index funds as being homogeneous because significant differences exist in expenses and performance among the funds. After controlling for attributes that influence fund expense ratios, we conclude that some index funds have expense ratios that are significantly higher than the norm. Despite the often-presumed commodity-like nature of index funds, Samp;P 500 Index funds are not all created equal. Our evidence shows that investors tend to follow a policy of choosing those funds with low expense ratios.