Carbon Dioxide Storage In Geologically Heterogeneous Formations
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Carbon Dioxide Storage In Geologically Heterogeneous Formations
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Author : Kyung Won Chang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Carbon Dioxide Storage In Geologically Heterogeneous Formations written by Kyung Won Chang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep geological formations can only lead to significant reductions in anthropogenic CO2 emissions if large amounts of CO2 can be stored safely. Determining the storage capacity, which is the volume of CO2 stored safely, is essential to determine the feasibility of geological CO2 storage. One of the main constraints for the storage capacity is the physical mechanisms of fluid flow in heterogeneous formations, which has not been studied sufficiently. Therefore, I consider two related problems: a) the evolution of injection-induced overpressure that determines the area affected by CO2 storage and b) the rate of buoyant fluid flow along faults that determines the leakage of CO2. I use a layered model of a sandstone reservoir embedded in mudrocks to quantify the increase in storage capacity due to dissipation of overpressure into the mudrocks. I use a model of a fault surface with flow barriers to constrain the reduction in the buoyancy-driven leakage flux across the fault. Using the layered model with injection at constant rate, I show that the pressure evolution in the reservoir is controlled by the amount of overpressure dissipated into ambient mudrocks. A main result of this study is that the pressure dissipation in a layered reservoir is controlled by a single dissipation parameter, M, that is identified here for the first time. I also show that lateral pressure propagation in the storage formation follows a power-law governed by M. The quick evaluation of the power-law allows a determination of the uncertainty in the estimate of the storage capacity. To reduce this uncertainty it is important to characterize the petrophysical properties of the mudrocks surrounding the storage reservoir. The uncertainty in mudrock properties due to its extreme heterogeneity or limited data available can cause large variability in these estimates, which emphasizes that careful characterization of mudrock is required for a reliable estimate of the storage capacity. The cessation of the injection operation will reduce overpressure near the injector, but regional scale pressure will continue to diffuse throughout the whole formation. I have been able to show that the maximum radius of the pressure plume in the post-injection period is approximately 3.5 times the radius of the pressure plume at the cessation of injection. Two aquifers can be hydraulically connected by a fault cutting across the intermediate aquitard. If the upper aquifer contains denser fluid, an exchange flow across the fault will develop. The unstable density stratification leads to a fingering pattern with localized zones of upwelling and downwelling along the fault. Due to the small volume of the fault relative to the aquifers, the exchange-flow will quickly approach a quasi steady state. If the permeability of the fault plane is homogeneous, the average number of the quasi-steady plume fingers, v, scales with the square root of the Rayleigh number Ra and the exchange flux measured by dimensionless convective flux, the Sherwood number, Sh, is a linear function of Ra. The dispersive flux perpendicular to the flow direction induces the formation of wider fingers and subsequently the less convective flux parallel to the flow direction. In the flow system with larger Ra, even the same increase in transverse dispersivity [alpha]T causes stronger impact of the mechanical dispersion on the vertical exchange flow so that v and Sh reduce more with larger [alhpa]T . Both measured characteristics, however, follow the same scaling for the non-dispersive homogeneous case by using a modified Rayleigh number, Ra*, considering the mechanical dispersion. The presence of flow barriers along the fault triggers unsteady exchange flow and subsequently controls the growth of the plume fingers. If the barriers are sufficiently wide to dominate the flow system, they create preferential pathways for exchange flow that determines the distribution of the quasi-steady fingers, and v converges to a constant value. In addition, wider barriers induce substantial lateral spreading and enhance the efficiency of structural trapping, and reduce the exchange rate but still follows a linear relationship function of the effective Rayleigh number, Raeff , defined by the vertical effective permeability. This study is motivated by geological CO2 storage in brine-saturated aquifer, but the effect of geological heterogeneity is also important in many other geological and engineering applications, in particular the risk assessment of the injection operations or the migration of hydrocarbons in tectonic-driven or hydraulically developed faults in reservoirs. Better understanding of fluid flow in geologically heterogeneous formations will allow more precise estimate of the reservoir capacity as well as more efficient operation of injection or production wells.
Science Of Carbon Storage In Deep Saline Formations
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Author : Pania Newell
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-09-06
Science Of Carbon Storage In Deep Saline Formations written by Pania Newell and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-06 with Science categories.
Science of Carbon Storage in Deep Saline Formations: Process Coupling across Time and Spatial Scales summarizes state-of-the-art research, emphasizing how the coupling of physical and chemical processes as subsurface systems re-equilibrate during and after the injection of CO2. In addition, it addresses, in an easy-to-follow way, the lack of knowledge in understanding the coupled processes related to fluid flow, geomechanics and geochemistry over time and spatial scales. The book uniquely highlights process coupling and process interplay across time and spatial scales that are relevant to geological carbon storage. Includes the underlying scientific research, as well as the risks associated with geological carbon storage Covers the topic of geological carbon storage from various disciplines, addressing the multi-scale and multi-physics aspects of geological carbon storage Organized by discipline for ease of navigation
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project
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Author : David C Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-01-03
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project written by David C Thomas and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-03 with Science categories.
Over the past decade, the prospect of climate change resulting from anthropogenic CO2 has become a matter of growing public concern. Not only is the reduction of CO2 emissions extremely important, but keeping the cost at a manageable level is a prime priority for companies and the public, alike. The CO2 capture project (CCP) came together with a common goal in mind: find a technological process to capture CO2 emissions that is relatively low-cost and able be to be expanded to industrial applications. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project outlines the research and findings of all the participating companies and associations involved in the CCP. The final results of thousands of hours of research are outlined in the book, showing a successful achievement of the CCP’s goals for lower cost CO2 capture technology and furthering the safe, reliable option of geological storage. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project is a valuable reference for any scientists, industrialists, government agencies, and companies interested in a safer, more cost-efficient response to the CO2 crisis.
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project
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Author : David C Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-01-06
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project written by David C Thomas and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-06 with Science categories.
Over the past decade, the prospect of climate change resulting from anthropogenic CO2 has become a matter of growing public concern. Not only is the reduction of CO2 emissions extremely important, but keeping the cost at a manageable level is a prime priority for companies and the public, alike. The CO2 capture project (CCP) came together with a common goal in mind: find a technological process to capture CO2 emissions that is relatively low-cost and able be to be expanded to industrial applications. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project outlines the research and findings of all the participating companies and associations involved in the CCP. The final results of thousands of hours of research are outlined in the book, showing a successful achievement of the CCP’s goals for lower cost CO2 capture technology and furthering the safe, reliable option of geological storage. The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project is a valuable reference for any scientists, industrialists, government agencies, and companies interested in a safer, more cost-efficient response to the CO2 crisis. *Succeeds in tackling the most important issues at the heart of the CO2 crisis: lower-cost and safer solutions, and making the technology available at an industrial level. *Contains technical papers and findings of all researchers involved in the CO2 capture and storage project (CCP) *Consolidates thousands of hours of research into a concise and valuable reference work, providing up-to-the minute information on CO2 capture and underground storage alternatives.
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project
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Author : David C Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-06-03
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations Results From The Co2 Capture Project written by David C Thomas and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Carbon Dioxide Capture for Storage in Deep Geologic Formations - Results from the CO2 Capture Project
Geological Storage Of Co2 In Deep Saline Formations
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Author : Auli Niemi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-24
Geological Storage Of Co2 In Deep Saline Formations written by Auli Niemi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-24 with Science categories.
This book offers readers a comprehensive overview, and an in-depth understanding, of suitable methods for quantifying and characterizing saline aquifers for the geological storage of CO2. It begins with a general overview of the methodology and the processes that take place when CO2 is injected and stored in deep saline-water-containing formations. It subsequently presents mathematical and numerical models used for predicting the consequences of CO2 injection. This book provides descriptions of relevant experimental methods, from laboratory experiments to field scale site characterization and techniques for monitoring spreading of the injected CO2 within the formation. Experiences from a number of important field injection projects are reviewed, as are those from CO2 natural analog sites. Lastly, the book presents relevant risk management methods. Geological storage of CO2 is widely considered to be a key technology capable of substantially reducing the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the negative impacts of such releases on the global climate. Around the world, projects are already in full swing, while others are now being initiated and executed to demonstrate the technology. Deep saline formations are the geological formations considered to hold the highest storage potential, due to their abundance worldwide. To date, however, these formations have been relatively poorly characterized, due to their low economic value. Accordingly, the processes involved in injecting and storing CO2 in such formations still need to be better quantified and methods for characterizing, modeling and monitoring this type of CO2 storage in such formations must be rapidly developed and refined.
Modeling Geologic Storage Of Carbon Dioxide
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Author : Christine Doughty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Modeling Geologic Storage Of Carbon Dioxide written by Christine Doughty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
TOUGH2 models of geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in brine-bearing formations use characteristic curves to represent the interactions of non-wetting-phase CO2 and wetting-phase brine. When a problem includes both injection of CO2 (a drainage process) and its subsequent post-injection evolution (a combination of drainage and wetting), hysteretic characteristic curves are required to correctly capture the behavior of the CO2 plume. In the hysteretic formulation, capillary pressure and relative permeability depend not only on the current grid-block saturation, but also on the history of the saturation in the grid block. For a problem that involves only drainage or only wetting, a nonhysteretic formulation, in which capillary pressure and relative permeability depend only on the current value of the grid-block saturation, is adequate. For the hysteretic formulation to be robust computationally, care must be taken to ensure the differentiability of the characteristic curves both within and beyond the turning-point saturations where transitions between branches of the curves occur. Two example problems involving geologic CO2 storage are simulated using non-hysteretic and hysteretic models, to illustrate the applicability and limitations of non-hysteretic methods: the first considers leakage of CO2 from the storage formation to the ground surface, while the second examines the role of heterogeneity within the storage formation.
Local Capillary Trapping In Geological Storage Of Carbon Dioxide Co2
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Author : Ehsan Saadatpoor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Local Capillary Trapping In Geological Storage Of Carbon Dioxide Co2 written by Ehsan Saadatpoor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"After the injection of CO2 into a subsurface formation, storage mechanisms help immobilize the CO2. Injection strategies that promote the movement of CO2 during the post-injection period can increase immobilization by mechanisms of dissolution and residual phase trapping. This book argues that the heterogeneity intrinsic to sedimentary rocks gives rise to another category of trapping called "local capillary trapping." The study presented in this book evaluates local capillary trapping, its effectiveness to add an element of increased capacity and containment security in CO2 storage, and assesses the amount and extent of local capillary trapping expected to occur in typical storage formations."--Provided by publisher.
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations
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Author : D.C. Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Carbon Dioxide Capture For Storage In Deep Geologic Formations written by D.C. Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Modeling Geologic Storage Of Carbon Dioxide
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Modeling Geologic Storage Of Carbon Dioxide written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Numerical models of geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2)in brine-bearing formations use characteristic curves to represent theinteractions of non-wetting-phase CO2 and wetting-phase brine. When aproblem includes both injection of CO2 (a drainage process) and itssubsequent post-injection evolution (a combination of drainage andwetting), hysteretic characteristic curves are required to correctlycapture the behavior of the CO2 plume. In the hysteretic formulation, capillary pressure and relative permeability depend not only on thecurrent grid-block saturation, but also on the history of the saturationin the grid block. For a problem that involves only drainage or onlywetting, a non-hysteretic formulation, in which capillary pressure andrelative permeability depend only on the current value of the grid-blocksaturation, is adequate. For the hysteretic formulation to be robustcomputationally, care must be taken to ensure the differentiability ofthe characteristic curves both within and beyond the turning-pointsaturations where transitions between branches of the curves occur. Twoexample problems involving geologic CO2 storage are simulated withTOUGH2, a multiphase, multicomponent code for flow and transport codethrough geological media. Both non-hysteretic and hysteretic formulationsare used, to illustrate the applicability and limitations ofnon-hysteretic methods. The first application considers leakage of CO2from the storage formation to the ground surface, while the secondexamines the role of heterogeneity within the storageformation.