Cardiovascular Mechanobiology 2nd Edition
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Cardiovascular Mechanobiology 2nd Edition
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Author : Markus Hecker
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-18
Cardiovascular Mechanobiology 2nd Edition written by Markus Hecker and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-18 with Science categories.
Biomechanical forces play a major role in organ development, shape and function. When exceeding the physiological range, however, they may become detrimental for organ structure and function. This is probably best exemplified by the cardiovascular system, with both the heart and blood vessels being continuously exposed to the biomechanical forces exerted by the flow of blood. In the heart, it is the build-up of pressure inside the ventricles that allows the ejection of blood into the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The luminal diameter of the small arteries in both parts of the circulation determines the resistance to flow. Hence it also determines the level of blood pressure in both the pulmonary and systemic circulation and thus the afterload for both ventricles of the heart. A narrowing of the small arteries (e.g. due to an increase in tone) therefore leads to an increase in blood pressure in the affected part of the circulation. This will decrease organ perfusion but increase the afterload for the corresponding ventricle of the heart. Consequently, the affected ventricle must build up more pressure to maintain cardiac output. However, if the rise in blood pressure (pulmonary or arterial hypertension) persists the increase in wall tension can no longer be compensated by active constriction, thereby forcing the ventricle to resort to other means to unload itself. Typically, this is achieved by structural alterations in its wall which becomes thicker (hypertrophy) and stiffer (remodelling of the extracellular matrix). Ultimately, this maladaptive response may lead to dysfunction and eventually failure of the ventricle, which would only be able to eject a significantly smaller amount of blood into circulation. The increase in wall tension has resulted in an increased stretching of the cardiomyocytes as well as non-cardiomyocytes, such as cardiac fibroblasts, which in turn alters both their phenotype and their environment. Research into the mechanobiology of the heart aims to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological response of the heart to load to learn what goes wrong when the heart is faced with sustained pressure overload. This may pave the way to therapeutically interfering with this maladaptive response and thus preventing either the initial hypertrophy or its transition into heart failure. While the heart is mainly subjected to pressure hence stretch as a biomechanical force, the mechanobiology of vascular cells is somewhat more complex. Endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of each blood vessel are continuously subjected to the viscous drag of flowing blood (referred to as fluid shear stress). Fluid shear stress mainly affects the endothelial cells of the small arteries and arterioles, maintaining them in a dormant phenotype. If blood flow is disturbed (e.g. at arterial bifurcations or curvatures) fluid shear stress declines and may give rise to a shift in phenotype of the endothelial cells. A shift from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory in combination with the reduced flow at these sites may enable leukocyte recruitment and diapedesis, which results in a pro-inflammatory response in the vessel wall. Endothelial cells and in particular vascular smooth muscle cells are subjected to another biomechanical force: the blood pressure. Volume-dependent distention of the vessel wall (which can be achieved through an increase in blood flow) results in an increase in wall tension, thereby stretching of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Like the cardiomyocytes of the heart, the vascular smooth muscle cells of the small arteries and arterioles try to normalise wall tension by active constriction, which cannot be maintained for long. These cells subsequently undergo hypertrophy or hyperplasia (depending on the size of the blood vessel) and remodel the extracellular matrix so that the vessel wall also becomes thicker and stiffer. This in turn raises their resistance to flow and may contribute to the increase in blood pressure in either the pulmonary or systemic circulation. Research into the mechanobiology of the blood vessels aims to unravel the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological response of the vascular cells to pressure (wall tension) and flow (shear stress). It also aims to uncover what goes wrong (e.g. in arteriosclerosis or hypertension) and to eventually specifically interfere with these maladaptive remodelling processes. The aforementioned aspects of cardiovascular mechanobiology along with many more facets of this fascinating, timely and highly clinically relevant field of research are addressed by the original research and review articles within this Research Topic.
Cardiac Mechanobiology In Physiology And Disease
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Author : Markus Hecker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-04-19
Cardiac Mechanobiology In Physiology And Disease written by Markus Hecker and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-19 with Science categories.
This book presents the latest findings in the field of cardiac mechanobiology in health and disease. Cardiac mechanobiology provides knowledge of all aspects of mechanobiology of the heart. Cardiomyogenesis is discussed as well as the mechanobiology of cardiac remodeling and regeneration. The molecular mechanisms of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction in cardiomyocytes are explained, as well as stretch induced differentiation of cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. This volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology complements the volume Vascular Mechanobiology in Physiology and Disease (volume 8) published in this series. The book is aimed at clinicians as well as researchers in cardiovascular biology, bioengineering and biophysics, and also represents an educational resource for young researchers and students in these fields.
Mechanobiology Handbook Second Edition
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Author : Jiro Nagatomi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Mechanobiology Handbook Second Edition written by Jiro Nagatomi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Medical categories.
Mechanobiology—the study of the effects of mechanics on biological events—has evolved to answer numerous research questions. Mechanobiology Handbook 2nd Edition is a reference book for engineers, scientists, and clinicians who are interested in mechanobiology and a textbook for senior undergraduate to graduate level students of this growing field. Readers will gain a comprehensive review of recent research findings as well as elementary chapters on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and molecular analysis techniques. The new edition presents, in addition to the chapters of the first edition, homework problem sets that are available online and reviews of research in uncovered areas. Moreover, the new edition includes chapters on statistical analysis, design of experiments and optical imaging. The editors of this book are researchers and educators in mechanobiology. They realized a need for a single volume to assist course instructors as a guide for didactic teaching of mechanobiology to a diverse student body. A mechanobiology course is frequently made up of both undergraduate and graduate students pursuing degrees in engineering, biology, or integrated engineering and biology. Their goal was to present both the elementary and cutting-edge aspects of mechanobiology in a manner that is accessible to students from many different academic levels and from various disciplinary backgrounds. Moreover, it is their hope that the readers of Mechanobiology Handbook 2nd Edition will find study questions at the end of each chapter useful for long-term learning and further discussion. Comprehensive collection of reviews of recent research Introductory materials in mechanics, biology, and statistics Discussion of pioneering and emerging mechanobiology concepts Presentation of cutting-edge mechanobiology research findings across various fields and organ systems End of chapter study questions, available online Considering the complexity of the mechanics and the biology of the human body, most of the world of mechanobiology remains to be studied. Since the field is still developing, the Mechanobiology Handbook raises many different viewpoints and approaches with the intention of stimulating further research endeavours.
New Insights Into Cardiovascular Mechanobiology Molecular Basis And Clinical Perspectives
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Author : Jing Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-11-29
New Insights Into Cardiovascular Mechanobiology Molecular Basis And Clinical Perspectives written by Jing Zhou and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-29 with Science categories.
Vascular Mechanobiology In Physiology And Disease
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Author : Markus Hecker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-10
Vascular Mechanobiology In Physiology And Disease written by Markus Hecker and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-10 with Medical categories.
This volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology presents the most relevant aspects of vascular mechanobiology along with many more facets of this fascinating, timely and clinically highly relevant field. Mechanotransduction, mechanosensing, fluid shear stress, hameodynamics and cell fate, are just a few topics to name. All important aspects of vascular mechanobiology in health and disease are reviewed by some of the top experts in the field. This volume, together with a second title on cardiac mechanobiology featured in this series, will be of high relevance to scientists and clinical researchers in the area of vascular biology, cardiology and biomedical engineering.
Cardiovascular Mechanics
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Author : Michel R. Labrosse
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-09-13
Cardiovascular Mechanics written by Michel R. Labrosse and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-13 with Medical categories.
The objective of this book is to illustrate in specific detail how cardiovascular mechanics stands as a common pillar supporting such different clinical successes as drugs for high blood pressure, prosthetic heart valves and coronary artery bypass grafting, among others. This information is conveyed through a comprehensive treatment of the overarching principles and theories that are behind mechanobiological processes, aortic and arterial mechanics, atherosclerosis, blood and microcirculation, hear valve mechanics, as well as medical devices and drugs. Examines all major theoretical and practical aspects of mechanical forces related to the cardiovascular system. Discusses a unique coverage of mechanical changes related to an aging cardiovascular system. Provides an overview of experimental methods in cardiovascular mechanics. Written by world-class researchers from Canada, the US and EU. Extensive references are provided at the end of each chapter to enhance further study. Michel R. Labrosse is the founder of the Cardiovascular Mechanics Laboratory at the University of Ottawa, where he is a full professor within the Department of Mechanical Engineering. He has been an active researcher in academia along with being heavily associated with the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. He has authored or co-authored over 90 refereed communications, and supervised or co-supervised over 40 graduate students and post-docs.
Cardiovascular Physiology In The Genetically Engineered Mouse
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Author : Brian D. Hoit
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cardiovascular Physiology In The Genetically Engineered Mouse written by Brian D. Hoit and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The enormous advances in molecular biology and genetics coupled with the progress in instrumentation and surgical techniques have produced a voluminous and often bewildering quantity of data. The need for a second edition of Cardiovascular Physiology in the Genetically Engineered Mouse is underscored not only by these rapid advances, but by the increasing numbers of scientists who have focussed their research on genetically engineered mice. It is the primary objective of this second edition to interpret critically the literature and to provide a framework for the enormous amount of information in this burgeoning field. As in the first edition, the monograph serves as a practical guide for the investigator interested in the functional methods used to characterize the murine cardiovascular phenotype. However, this guidebook is a more comprehensive text than its predecessor; although the major objectives enumerated in the first edition have not substantially changed, they have been refined in keeping with the increased sophistication of the molecular biologist, geneticist, and physiologist in each other's discipline. Each chapter has been expanded and updated, richly enhanced with original tables and figures, and in many cases, extensively rewritten. Eight chapters written by internationally recognized experts have been added; this represents a 43 % increase from the first edition.
Post Genomic Cardiology
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Author : José Marín-García
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-05-09
Post Genomic Cardiology written by José Marín-García and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-09 with Medical categories.
In this second edition of Post-Genomic Cardiology, developing and new technologies such as translational genomics, next generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and systems biology in molecular cardiology are assessed in light of their therapeutic potential. As new methods of mutation screening emerge, both for the genome and for the “epigenome, comprehensive understanding of the many mutations that underlie cardiovascular diseases and adverse drug reactions is within our reach. This book, written by respected cardiologist José Marín-García, features discussion on the Hap-Map: the largest international effort to date aiming to define the differences between our individual genomes. This unique reference further reviews and investigates genome sequences from our evolutionary relatives that could help us decipher the signals of genes, and offers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of regulatory elements from the complicated network of the background DNA. Offers updated discussion of cutting-edge molecular techniques including new genomic sequencing / NGS / Hap-Map / bioinformatics / systems biology approaches Analyzes mitochondria dynamics and their role in cardiac dysfunction, up-to-date analysis of cardio-protection, and cardio-metabolic syndrome Presents recent translational studies, gene therapy, transplantation of stem cells, and pharmacological treatments in CVDs
Experimental Models Of Cardiovascular Diseases
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Author : Kiyotake Ishikawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Experimental Models Of Cardiovascular Diseases written by Kiyotake Ishikawa and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Modern Mechanobiology
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Author : Sharon Gerecht
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-02-25
Modern Mechanobiology written by Sharon Gerecht and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Biomechanics categories.
Modern mechanobiology converges both engineering and medicine to address personalized medicine. This book is built on the previously well-received edition, Hemodynamics and Mechanobiology of Endothelium. The central theme focuses on "omic" approaches to mechanosignal transduction underlying tissue development, injury, and repair. A cadre of investigators has contributed to the individual book chapters, thereby enriching the interface between mechanobiology and precision medicine for personalized diagnosis and intervention. The first two chapters provide the fundamental basis of vascular disease in response to hemodynamic shear stress. The following chapters embark on a journey of cardiovascular development and regeneration, valvular and cardiac morphogenesis, mechanosensitive microRNA and histone unfolding, computational fluid dynamics, and light-sheet imaging. The textbook represents a paradigm shift from traditional biomechanics and signal transduction to transgenic models, including novel zebrafish and chick embryos. This second edition targets a wider readership from academia to industry and government agencies in the field of mechanobiology.