Chapter 3 Equilibrium Norms
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Chapter 3 Equilibrium Norms
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Author : Howard Margolis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Chapter 3 Equilibrium Norms written by Howard Margolis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Equilibrium (Economics) categories.
Phase Equilibrium Engineering
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Author : Esteban Brignole
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-02
Phase Equilibrium Engineering written by Esteban Brignole and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-02 with Science categories.
Phase equilibrium knowledge is required for the design of all sorts of chemical processes that may involve separations, reactions, fluids flow, particle micronization, etc. Indeed, different phase behavior scenarios are required for a rational conceptual process design. The aim of this chapter is to present the possible fluid mixture phase behavior that can be found in binary, ternary, and multicomponent systems. Moreover, representation of phase behavior in terms of phase diagrams is discussed. Dealing with phase diagrams of complex mixtures is not an easy task for beginners; however, very simple concepts are behind the rules for their construction. Phase diagrams are essential tools for phase equilibrium engineering as they provide valuable hints to understand the process and to assess the feasible and optimum operating regions. In this chapter, the “phenomenological” meaning of each phase behavior and its relation with molecular properties is discussed. A special attention is given to binary system phase behavior. Even though, in practice we rarely found such simple mixtures, they furnish a great deal of information for the understanding of multicomponent systems.
Game Theory And Society
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Author : Weiying Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-12-14
Game Theory And Society written by Weiying Zhang and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The progress of society can only happen through interpersonal cooperation, because only cooperation can bring about mutual benefit, thus bringing happiness to each person. This should be our collective rationality, but we often see it conflicts with individual interests, which leads to the so-called "Prisoners’ Dilemma" and does not bring happiness to all. From a game theoretical perspective, this book addresses the issue of how people can cooperate better. It has two objectives. The first is to use common language to systematically introduce the basic methodologies and core conclusions of Game Theory, including the Nash equilibrium, multiple equilibriums, dynamic games, etc. Mathematics and theoretical models are used to the minimum necessary scope too, to make this book get access to ordinary readers with elementary mathematical training. The second objective is to utilize these methods and conclusions to analyze various Chinese social issues and institutional arrangements, with a focus on the reasons people exhibit non-cooperative behaviors as well as the institutions and cultures that promote interpersonal cooperation. In addition to economics, specialists in sociology, law, history, politics and management will also be attracted by this book for its insightful analysis on the issue of cooperation in these fields. Also, readers curious about Chinese society will benefit from this book.
Individuality And Entanglement
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Author : Herbert Gintis
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-11-08
Individuality And Entanglement written by Herbert Gintis and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-08 with Business & Economics categories.
A richly transdisciplinary account of some fundamental characteristics of human societies and behavior In this book, acclaimed economist Herbert Gintis ranges widely across many fields—including economics, psychology, anthropology, sociology, moral philosophy, and biology—to provide a rigorous transdisciplinary explanation of some fundamental characteristics of human societies and social behavior. Because such behavior can be understood only through transdisciplinary research, Gintis argues, Individuality and Entanglement advances the effort to unify the behavioral sciences by developing a shared analytical framework—one that bridges research on gene-culture coevolution, the rational-actor model, game theory, and complexity theory. At the same time, the book persuasively demonstrates the rich possibilities of such transdisciplinary work. Everything distinctive about human social life, Gintis argues, flows from the fact that we construct and then play social games. Indeed, society itself is a game with rules, and politics is the arena in which we affirm and change these rules. Individuality is central to our species because the rules do not change through inexorable macrosocial forces. Rather, individuals band together to change the rules. Our minds are also socially entangled, producing behavior that is socially rational, although it violates the standard rules of individually rational choice. Finally, a moral sense is essential for playing games with socially constructed rules. People generally play by the rules, are ashamed when they break the rules, and are offended when others break the rules, even in societies that lack laws, government, and jails. Throughout the book, Gintis shows that it is only by bringing together the behavioral sciences that such basic aspects of human behavior can be understood.
Rationality And Coordination
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Author : Cristina Bicchieri
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1997-03-28
Rationality And Coordination written by Cristina Bicchieri and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-28 with Business & Economics categories.
. This major new book will be of particular interest not only to philosophers but to decision theorists, political scientists, economists, and researchers in artificial intelligence.
Physics In Context For Cambridge International As A Level
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Author : Jim Breithaupt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press - Children
Release Date : 2015-06-18
Physics In Context For Cambridge International As A Level written by Jim Breithaupt and has been published by Oxford University Press - Children this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-18 with Science categories.
Mapped to the latest Cambridge A Level Physics syllabus (9702), this comprehensive resource supports students with its stretching, problem solving approach. It helps foster long-term performance in science, as well as building their confidence for the Cambridge examinations. The practical approach helps to make science meaningful, so it is ideal for students planning to study science at university. Includes support for the new Key Concepts -developing Cambridge students' subject knowledge and encouraging them to make links between topics.
The Power Of Legitimacy
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Author : Christopher Gelpi
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-10
The Power Of Legitimacy written by Christopher Gelpi and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-10 with Political Science categories.
A major departure from mainstream security studies, this book mounts a thoughtful challenge to realist theories of crisis bargaining. It tests the proposition that normative standards of behavior influence state actions in security-related conflicts. Specifically, it examines the construction of bilateral norms as the settlements of security-related disputes and the effects these settlements have on subsequent interactions over the same issue. Drawing on institutionalist arguments about the informational impact of norms, Christopher Gelpi contends that norms act as signals that give meaning to other states' behavior in at least two important ways. First, they provide a mutually acceptable focal point for limiting both demands and concessions. Second, security norms change the context in which coercive behavior is interpreted. That is, norms can cause coercive behavior to be interpreted as punishment rather than aggression. Gelpi tests this argument against its most prominent competitor--a realist model of crisis bargaining--in three stages. First, he uses a probit analysis to perform a quantitative test on the population of 122 reinitiated international crises between 1929 and 1979. Second, he conducts detailed case studies of the Cienfuegos Submarine Conflict and the Six Day War. Finally, he conducts a second statistical analysis examining the conditions under which security norms will succeed or fail. While hypotheses derived from realist coercion theory receive only mixed support, Gelpi finds strong evidence that states can and do construct normative standards that guide their behavior in international crises.
Tychomancy
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Author : Michael Strevens
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2013-06-03
Tychomancy written by Michael Strevens and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-03 with Science categories.
Tychomancy—meaning “the divination of chances”—presents a set of rules for inferring the physical probabilities of outcomes from the causal or dynamic properties of the systems that produce them. Probabilities revealed by the rules are wide-ranging: they include the probability of getting a 5 on a die roll, the probability distributions found in statistical physics, and the probabilities that underlie many prima facie judgments about fitness in evolutionary biology. Michael Strevens makes three claims about the rules. First, they are reliable. Second, they are known, though not fully consciously, to all human beings: they constitute a key part of the physical intuition that allows us to navigate around the world safely in the absence of formal scientific knowledge. Third, they have played a crucial but unrecognized role in several major scientific innovations. A large part of Tychomancy is devoted to this historical role for probability inference rules. Strevens first analyzes James Clerk Maxwell’s extraordinary, apparently a priori, deduction of the molecular velocity distribution in gases, which launched statistical physics. Maxwell did not derive his distribution from logic alone, Strevens proposes, but rather from probabilistic knowledge common to all human beings, even infants as young as six months old. Strevens then turns to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the statistics of measurement, and the creation of models of complex systems, contending in each case that these elements of science could not have emerged when or how they did without the ability to “eyeball” the values of physical probabilities.
Social Norms Bounded Rationality And Optimal Contracts
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Author : Suren Basov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-20
Social Norms Bounded Rationality And Optimal Contracts written by Suren Basov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This book investigates the ways in which social norms and bounded rationality shape different contracts in the real world. It brings into focus existing research into optimal contracts, draws important lessons from that research, and outlines prospects for future investigation. Bounded rationality has acknowledged effects on the power of incentive provisions, such as deviations from sufficient statistic theorem, the power of optimal incentives, and the effects of optimal contracts in multicultural environments. The introduction of social norms to bounded rationality opens up new avenues of investigation into contracts and mechanism design. This book makes an important contribution to the study of bounded rationality by pulling together many separate strands of research in the area of mechanism design, and providing detailed analysis of the impact of societal values on contracts.
Corporations In Evolving Diversity
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Author : Masahiko Aoki
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-06
Corporations In Evolving Diversity written by Masahiko Aoki and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The 2008-9 financial crisis demands we look anew at the role of corporations, and the working of financial markets around the world. In this book, Masahiko Aoki provides a compelling new analysis of the corporate firm; the role of shareholders, managers and workers; and institutional governance structures.