Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif4f
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Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif4f
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Author : Anne Marie Schneider Provinzino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif4f written by Anne Marie Schneider Provinzino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Eukaryotic translation initiation is a complex process involving many factors. Two vital components of this system are eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF) 4E and 4G, which together form the complex eIF4F. eIF4E is the cap-binding subunit, interacting with the 7-methyl guanosine at the 5'-end of messenger RNA. There are multiple forms of this gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: eIF4E1, eIF4E2, eIF4E3, eIFiso4E, and novel cap-binding protein. The scaffolding component of the eIF4F cap-binding complex is eIF4G. This protein binds not only to eIF4E, but also to eIF3, eIF4A, and poly(A)binding protein. Three versions are found in Arabidopsis: eIF4G, eIFiso4G1, and eIFiso4G2. Plants are unique in that they are the only organisms to contain the isoform versions of these genes. A goal of the research described in this thesis is to determine the mechanisms by which plant eIF4F isoforms specifically select mRNAs for translation. This thesis describes the cloning of dicistronic Arabidopsis eIF4G with some members of the eIF4E cap-binding family. Comparison of the biochemical activities of these complexes with various mRNAs will generate more information about their specific functions. Analysis of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants is included to elucidate the role(s) of eIF4F, eIFiso4F, and their subunits in plant translation. The phenotype(s) of a mutant may provide clues as to the function of the protein(s) not expressed. The importance of the eIF4F complex to translation initiation makes it a target for regulation. These regulatory mechanisms include inhibition by cleavage, competitive inhibitors, phosphorylation, binding of partner proteins, and exploitation by viruses. Our hypothesis is that the eIF4E and eIF4G genes are also regulated at the level or translation. Part of this thesis describes preparation and sequencing of cDNAs for eIF4G, eIFiso4G1, eIFiso4G2, eIF4E1, eIF4E2, eIF4E3, eIFiso4E, and nCBP to identify full length 5'UTRs and determine if regulatory elements are present.
The Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif Iso 4g
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Author : Ruhi Ahmed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The Characterization Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Translation Initiation Factor Eif Iso 4g written by Ruhi Ahmed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Translational Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Author : Bijoyita Roy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Translational Regulation In Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Bijoyita Roy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Molecular functions of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in translation are manifold, encompassing events from initiation complex assembly to translation termination. The contribution of the individual subunits of eIF3 to its multiple activities is quite unclear. It has been hypothesized that several of its 13 subunits contribute to mRNA specific regulation. Prior research had established that the h subunit of eIF3 in Arabidopsis was required for translation of specific mRNAs as well as for organ formation and meristem development. This study aims towards understanding the functions of individual subunits of eIF3 in the context of plant development and to further define the role of eIF3h at the molecular level. This dissertation describes an effort to identify mutations affecting each of the 13 eIF3 subunits. Using a panel of pollen-specific fluorescent marker genes, eIF3 subunits e, h and i1 were demonstrated to be essential for normal male gametophyte development. Furthermore, subunits b and c proved to be essential for embryo development. In contrast, a mutation in eIF3k revealed no phenotypic abnormalities. This work represents a systematic effort to attribute functions to many of the eIF3 subunits in growth and development in a multicellular eukaryote. The h subunit of eIF3 is necessary for the efficient translation of specific mRNAs in Arabidopsis. In particular, eIF3h fosters the translation of those mRNAs that harbor multiple upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in their 5' leader. The specific molecular activity of eIF3h was investigated by structure-function analysis of the 5' leader of the Arabidopsis AtbZip11 mRNA, which harbors a set of four uORFs that is evolutionarily conserved. By pairing extensive mutagenesis of the AtbZip11 5' leader with gene expression analysis in Arabidopsis seedlings, it was revealed that eIF3h helps the ribosome to retain its reinitiation competence during uORF translation. These data establish a function for the h subunit of eIF3 in a special case of translation initiation, reinitiation. Finally, the molecular events during translation reinitiation were investigated further for a functional cooperation between eIF3h and the large subunit of the ribosome, given that the large ribosomal subunit had been implicated in reinitiation in other biological contexts. Reinitiation profiling using the AtbZip11 leader demonstrated that a protein of the large ribosomal subunit, RPL24B, bolsters reinitiation similar to eIF3h. Taken together, there exists a functional cooperation between the large ribosomal subunit and eIF3 that helps ribosomes to reinitiate after translation of uORFs.
Characterization Of Deoxyhypusine Synthase And Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5a1 Expression During Growth And Senescence In Arabidopsis Thaliana
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Author : Jeremy Duguay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Characterization Of Deoxyhypusine Synthase And Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5a1 Expression During Growth And Senescence In Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Jeremy Duguay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Identification And Characterization Of A Novel Cap Binding Protein From Arabidopsis Thaliana And Of The Wheat Eukaryotic Initiation Factor Eif4g
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Author : Kelley Astrid Ruud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Identification And Characterization Of A Novel Cap Binding Protein From Arabidopsis Thaliana And Of The Wheat Eukaryotic Initiation Factor Eif4g written by Kelley Astrid Ruud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Arabidopsis thaliana categories.
Evolution Of The Protein Synthesis Machinery And Its Regulation
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Author : Greco Hernández
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-10
Evolution Of The Protein Synthesis Machinery And Its Regulation written by Greco Hernández and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-10 with Science categories.
The “omics” era has given a new perspective to the findings on the origin and evolution of the process of translation. This book provides insight into the evolution of the translation process and machinery from a modern perspective. Written by leading experts in molecular biology, this text looks into the origins and evolution of the protein synthetic machinery.
Translation Initiation Reconstituted Systems And Biophysical Methods
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-10-09
Translation Initiation Reconstituted Systems And Biophysical Methods written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-09 with Science categories.
For over fifty years the Methods in Enzymology series has been the critically aclaimed laboratory standard and one of the most respected publications in the field of biochemistry. The highly relevant material makes it an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life and related sciences. This volume, the second of three on the topic of Translation Initiation includes articles written by leaders in the field.
Plant Resistance To Viruses
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Author : David Evered
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-30
Plant Resistance To Viruses written by David Evered and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-30 with Science categories.
Concern about the environmental consequences of the widespread use of pesticides has increased, and evidence of pesticide-resistant virus vectors have continued to emerge. This volume presents a timely survey of the mechanisms of plant resistance and examines current developments in breeding for resistance, with particular emphasis on advances in genetic engineering which allow for the incorporation of viral genetic material into plants. Discusses the mechanisms of innate resistance in strains of tobacco, tomato, and cowpea; various aspects of induced resistance, including the characterization and roles of the pathogenesis-related proteins; antiviral substances and their comparison with interferon; and cross-protection between plant virus strains. Also presents several papers which evaluate the status of genetic engineering as it relates to breeding resistant plants. Among these are discussions of the potential use of plant viruses as gene vectors, gene coding for viral coat protein, satellite RNA, and antisense RNA, and practical issues such as the durability of resistant crop plants in the field.
Translation And Its Regulation In Cancer Biology And Medicine
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Author : Armen Parsyan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-10-13
Translation And Its Regulation In Cancer Biology And Medicine written by Armen Parsyan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-13 with Medical categories.
This book, for the first time, comprehensively assembles and analyzes a large body of information on the role of the fundamental mechanism of the protein biosynthesis pathway, translation, in cancer biology. It systematically explores the function of the translation machinery and its regulation, including cell signaling, in the development, maintenance and progression of human cancer. The work presented here unveils the tremendous potential and applications of this vast and exciting branch of genetic, biochemical and molecular science in cancer medicine and drug development. Chapters contributed by experts in the field take the reader on a journey that starts with a dissection of the translation machinery and its regulation in norm and cancer. Later chapters characterize etiological and pathogenetic roles that translation plays in specific cancer types. Various aspects of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of the translation machinery and its control in cancer are discussed. Readers will discover the importance of the process of translation and its regulatory mechanisms in physiology and cancer biology. The chapters and the numerous illustrations included here were contributed by expert scientists and clinicians from renowned academic and clinical establishments in Canada, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Australia. The book conveys information and knowledge that may interest a broad range of students and scholars ranging from basic scientists to clinicians and drug developers seeking to better understand the protein synthesis and its aberrations in cancer biology and cancer medicine.
Epitranscriptomics
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Author : Stefan Jurga
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Epitranscriptomics written by Stefan Jurga and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Science categories.
This book reviews a novel and exciting field of cellular and molecular biology called epitranscriptomics, which focuses on changes in an organism’s cells resulting from the posttranscriptional modification of cellular RNA. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in these posttranscriptional modifications and also support several cellular processes necessary for maintaining RNA homeostasis. Exploring the mechanisms underlying RNA modifications and RBP function is an emerging area of biomedical research, taking the study of gene regulation a step beyond epigenetics. This book reveals that the RNA molecule is not just an information-carrying molecule with some secondary structures. Accordingly, how RNA is modified, regulated, packaged, and controlled is an important aspect. Leading experts address questions such as where the over 170 distinct posttranscriptional RNA modifications are located on the genome, what percentage of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs these modifications include, and how an RNA modification impacts a person’s biology. In closing, the book reviews the role of RNA modifications and RBPs in a variety of diseases and their pathogenesis. Addressing some of the most exciting challenges in epitranscriptomics, this book provides a valuable and engaging resource for researchers in academia and industry studying the phenomena of RNA modification.