Chemical And Enzymatic Methods To Regulate Phospholipid Membrane Formation And Manipulate Cellular Mrna
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Chemical And Enzymatic Methods To Regulate Phospholipid Membrane Formation And Manipulate Cellular Mrna
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Author : Eric Cunyu Zhou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Chemical And Enzymatic Methods To Regulate Phospholipid Membrane Formation And Manipulate Cellular Mrna written by Eric Cunyu Zhou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This dissertation first explores the use of photo-activated thiol-yne click chemistry methodology to gain access to phospho- and glycolipid analogs. Phospholipids and glycolipids constitute an essential part of biological membranes, and are of tremendous fundamental and practical interest. Unfortunately, the preparation of functional phospholipids, or synthetic analogs, is often synthetically challenging. We utilized thiol-yne click chemistry methodology to assemble the alkynyl hydrophilic head groups with numerous thiol modified lipid tails to yield the appropriate dithioether phospho- or glycolipids. The resulting structures closely resemble the structure and function of native diacylglycerolipids. Dithioether phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are suitable for forming giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV), which can be used as vessels for cell-free expression systems. The unnatural thioether linkages render the lipids resistant to phospholipase A2 hydrolysis. We utilized the improved stability of these lipids to control the shrinkage of GUVs composed of a mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and dioleyl-dithioether PC, and concentrating encapsulated nanoparticles. We imagine that these readily accessible lipids could find a number of applications as natural lipid substitutes. In the second investigation, this dissertation reports the development of a wash-free cellular mRNA imaging technology utilizing RNA-TAG (transglycosylation at guanine) methodology. The many roles of RNA in cellular regulation and function increasingly demand for tools to explore RNA tracking and localization within cells. Our recently reported RNA-TAG approach uses an RNA-modifying enzyme, tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, to accomplish covalent labeling of an RNA of interest with fluorescent tracking agents in a highly selective and efficient manner. Unfortunately, labeling by this method suffers from a high nonspecific fluorescent background and is unsuitable for imaging RNA within complex cellular environments. We designed and synthesized novel fluorogenic thiazole orange probes that significantly lower nonspecific binding and background fluorescence and, as a result, provide up to a 100-fold fluorescence intensity increase after labeling. Using these fluorogenic labeling agents, we were able to image mRNA expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in a wash-free manner. RNA-TAG methodology was also applied to the modification of therapeutically relevant modified mRNA (mod-mRNA). Mod-mRNA has recently been widely studied as the form of RNA useful for therapeutic applications due to its high stability and lowered immune response. As a proof of concept, we covalently attached a fluorescent probe to mCherry encoding mod-mRNA transcripts bearing 5-methylcytidine and/or pseudouridine substitutions with high labeling efficiencies. To provide a versatile labeling methodology with a wide range of possible applications, we employed a two-step strategy for functionalization of the mod-mRNA to highlight the therapeutic potential of this new methodology. We envision that this novel and facile labeling methodology of mod-RNA will have great potential in decorating both coding and noncoding therapeutic RNAs with a variety of diagnostic and functional moieties.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Intracellular Delivery
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Author : Aleš Prokop
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-05-26
Intracellular Delivery written by Aleš Prokop and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-26 with Science categories.
This book features a special subsection of Nanomedicine, an application of nanotechnology to achieve breakthroughs in healthcare. It exploits the improved and often novel physical, chemical and biological properties of materials only existent at the nanometer scale. As a consequence of small scale, nanosystems in most cases are efficiently uptaken by cells and appear to act at the intracellular level. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diseases, and includes targeted drug delivery and regenerative medicine; it creates new tools and methods that impact significantly upon existing conservative practices. This volume is a collection of authoritative reviews. In the introductory section we define the field (intracellular delivery). Then, the fundamental routes of nanodelivery devices, cellular uptake, types of delivery devices, particularly in terms of localized cellular delivery, both for small drug molecules, macromolecular drugs and genes; at the academic and applied levels, are covered. The following section is dedicated to enhancing delivery via special targeting motifs followed by the introduction of different types of intracellular nanodelivery devices (e.g. a brief description of their chemistry) and ways of producing these different devices. Finally, we put special emphasis on particular disease states and on other biomedical applications, whilst diagnostic and sensing issues are also included. Intracellular delivery / therapy is a highly topical which will stir great interest. Intracellular delivery enables much more efficient drug delivery since the impact (on different organelles and sites) is intracellular as the drug is not supplied externally within the blood stream. There is great potential for targeted delivery with improved localized delivery and efficacy.
Biology For Ap Courses
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Author : Julianne Zedalis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-10-16
Biology For Ap Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-16 with Biology categories.
Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.
Biochemistry Of Lipids Lipoproteins And Membranes
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Author : Neale Ridgway
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-07-24
Biochemistry Of Lipids Lipoproteins And Membranes written by Neale Ridgway and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-24 with Science categories.
Biochemistry of Lipids: Lipoproteins and Membranes, Volume Six, contains concise chapters that cover a wide spectrum of topics in the field of lipid biochemistry and cell biology. It provides an important bridge between broad-based biochemistry textbooks and more technical research publications, offering cohesive, foundational information. It is a valuable tool for advanced graduate students and researchers who are interested in exploring lipid biology in more detail, and includes overviews of lipid biology in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, while also providing fundamental background on the subsequent descriptions of fatty acid synthesis, desaturation and elongation, and the pathways that lead the synthesis of complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, and their structural variants. Also covered are sections on how bioactive lipids are involved in cell signaling with an emphasis on disease implications and pathological consequences. Serves as a general reference book for scientists studying lipids, lipoproteins and membranes and as an advanced and up-to-date textbook for teachers and students who are familiar with the basic concepts of lipid biochemistry References from current literature will be included in each chapter to facilitate more in-depth study Key concepts are supported by figures and models to improve reader understanding Chapters provide historical perspective and current analysis of each topic
Research Awards Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Research Awards Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Medicine categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medicine categories.
Fundamentals Of Biochemistry
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Author : Destin Heilman
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-05-14
Fundamentals Of Biochemistry written by Destin Heilman and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-14 with Science categories.
Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 6th Edition, with new author team Destin Heilman and Stephen Woski, is fully updated for focus, readability, and currency. This revision provides students with a solid biochemical foundation rooted in chemistry and prepares them for future scientific challenges. Its pedagogical focus remains on biochemistry's key theme: the relationship between structure/function. The text’s foundation demonstrates the relationships between the monomeric units (amino acids, monosaccharides, nucleotides, and fatty acids) and the biomolecular structures they form. The new authors continue the trusted pedagogy of the previous five editions and present approachable, balanced coverage relevant to human health and disease. Fundamentals of Biochemistry 6e includes new, stunning, and enhanced visuals and new measurable learning objectives in each chapter section that offer a practical pathway for student learning and understanding.
The Membranes Of Cells
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Author : Philip Yeagle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
The Membranes Of Cells written by Philip Yeagle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medical categories.
In this new edition of The Membranes of Cells, all of the chapters have been updated, some have been completely rewritten, and a new chapter on receptors has been added. The book has been designed to provide both the student and researcher with a synthesis of information from a number of scientific disciplines to create a comprehensive view of the structure and function of the membranes of cells. The topics are treated in sufficient depth to provide an entry point to the more detailed literature needed by the researcher. Key Features * Introduces biologists to membrane structure and physical chemistry * Introduces biophysicists to biological membrane function * Provides a comprehensive view of cell membranes to students, either as a necessary background for other specialized disciplines or as an entry into the field of biological membrane research * Clarifies ambiguities in the field
Cell Biology By The Numbers
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Author : Ron Milo
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2015-12-07
Cell Biology By The Numbers written by Ron Milo and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-07 with Science categories.
A Top 25 CHOICE 2016 Title, and recipient of the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) Award. How much energy is released in ATP hydrolysis? How many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid