Chemical Quality Of Water And The Hydrologic Cycle
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Chemical Quality Of Water And The Hydrologic Cycle
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Author : Robert C. Averett
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1987-08-01
Chemical Quality Of Water And The Hydrologic Cycle written by Robert C. Averett and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-08-01 with Science categories.
This newly published book is an organized collection of papers dealing with changes in the quality of water as it moves through the world's hydrologic cycle-from the sea, lakes, and rivers-to its hydrosphere and then back to earth as precipitation, where the water again percolates through the soil or falls on the ocean, rivers, or lakes. (Changes that occur are physical, chemical, and biological.) Though chapters discuss results of specific lab or field experiments which in themselves have value for the scientist, focus is on processes involved. Many general concepts of water quality are provided in this cohesively organized book.
Chemical Quality Of Water And The Hydrologic Cycle
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Author : Robert C. Averett
language : en
Publisher: CRC-Press
Release Date : 1987-08-01
Chemical Quality Of Water And The Hydrologic Cycle written by Robert C. Averett and has been published by CRC-Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-08-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This newly published book is an organized collection of papers dealing with changes in the quality of water as it moves through the world's hydrologic cycle-from the sea, lakes, and rivers-to its hydrosphere and then back to earth as precipitation, where the water again percolates through the soil or falls on the ocean, rivers, or lakes. (Changes that occur are physical, chemical, and biological.) Though chapters discuss results of specific lab or field experiments which in themselves have value for the scientist, focus is on processes involved. Many general concepts of water quality are provided in this cohesively organized book.
Study And Interpretation Of The Chemical Characteristics Of Natural Water
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Author : John David Hem
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Study And Interpretation Of The Chemical Characteristics Of Natural Water written by John David Hem and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
The chemical composition of natural water is derived from many different sources of solutes, including gases and aerosols from the atmosphere, weathering and erosion of rocks and soil, solution or precipitation reactions occurring below the land surface, and cultural effects resulting from activities of man. Some of the processes of solution or precipitation of minerals can be closely evaluated by means of principles of chemical equilibrium including the law of mass action and the Nernst equation. Other processes are irreversible and require consideration of reaction mechanisms and rates. The chemical composition of the crustal rocks of the earth and the composition of the ocean and the atmosphere are significant in evaluating sources of solutes in natural fresh water. The ways in which solutes are taken up or precipitated and the amounts present in solution are influenced by many environmental factors, especially climate, structure and position of rock strata, and biochemical effects associated with life cycles of plants and animals, both microscopic and macroscopic. Taken all together and in application with the further influence of the general circulation of all water in the hydrologic cycle, the chemical principles and environmental factors form a basis for the developing science of natural-water chemistry. Fundamental data used in the determination of water quality are obtained by the chemical analysis of water samples in the laboratory or onsite sensing of chemical properties in the field. Sampling is complicated by changes in composition of moving water and the effects of particulate suspended material. Most of the constituents determined are reported in gravimetric units, usually milligrams per liter or milliequivalents per liter. More than 60 constituents and properties are included in water analyses frequently enough to provide a basis for consideration of the sources from which each is generally derived, most probable forms of elements and ions in solution, solubility controls, expected concentration ranges and other chemical factors. Concentrations of elements that are commonly present in amounts less than a few tens of micrograms per liter cannot always be easily explained, but present information suggests many are controlled by solubility of hydroxide or carbonate or by sorption on solid particles. Chemical analyses may be grouped and statistically evaluated by averages, frequency distributions, or ion correlations to summarize large volumes of data. Graphing of analyses or of groups of analyses aids in showing chemical relationships among waters, probable sources of solutes, areal water-quality regimen, and water-resources evaluation. Graphs may show water type based on chemical composition, relationships among ions, or groups of ions in individual waters or many waters considered simultaneously. The relationships of water quality to hydrologic parameters, such as stream discharge rate or ground-water flow patterns, can be shown by mathematical equations, graphs, and maps. About 75 water analyses selected from the literature are tabulated to illustrate the relationships described, and some of these, along with many others that are not tabulated, are also utilized in demonstrating graphing and mapping techniques. Relationships of water composition to source rock type are illustrated by graphs of some of the tabulated analyses. Activities of man maymodify water composition extensively through direct effects of pollution and indirect results of water development, such as intrusion of sea water in ground-water aquifiers. Water-quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use have been published by various agencies. Irrigation project requirements for water quality are particularly intricate. Fundamental knowledge of processes that control natural water composition is required for rational management of water quality.
Water Resources And Water Management
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Author : M.K. Jermar
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1987-01-01
Water Resources And Water Management written by M.K. Jermar and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-01-01 with Science categories.
The size and number of water projects and other development activities which influence the hydrological cycle have reached such proportions that the majority of problems involved extend beyond the boundaries of the traditional disciplines of hydraulics, hydrochemistry, hydrology and hydrogeology. New scientific methods for the solution of the contemporary problems in water management include analogy, operation research, system analysis and cybernetics. The distinctive features of these methods are their emphasis on measurement and on the use of conceptual models described in quantitative terms, the verification of their theoretical predictions, and their awareness that concepts are conditional and subject to growth and continuous change. This new approach should be defined within the framework of water resources management, i.e. within a complex of activities whose objective is the optimum utilization of water resources with regard to their quality and availability and the requirements of society. These water management activities should at the same time also ensure an optimum living environment, above all through protection of water resources against deterioration and exhaustion as well as through the protection of society against the harmful effects of water. In the course of these activities water resources management should avail itself of the entire spectrum of explicit sciences, gradually coming to form the sphere of its own theory. This monograph deals with the fundamental interdisciplinary problems of this complex sphere, an understanding of which is indispensable for successful water resources management in the widest sense of its social functions and environmental consequences. Thus, a common basis is provided for the mutual understanding of specialists from different backgrounds.
Introduction To Water Resources
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Author : John C. Clausen
language : en
Publisher: Waveland Press
Release Date : 2017-09-29
Introduction To Water Resources written by John C. Clausen and has been published by Waveland Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-29 with Science categories.
The study of water resources crosses disciplinary boundaries, from geography and natural resources, to Earth sciences, environmental studies, and engineering. Since not all students come to the water-resources course with the same mathematical background, Clausen’s effective, practical presentation integrates topics related to water quantity and water quality. He emphasizes fundamental concepts throughout: the qualitative foundations of hydrology needed to understand the hydrologic cycle and water availability, as well as the physical, chemical, and biological principles underlying water quality. Important social-science issues, including water law and regulations, the economic principles of water supply and demand, and sustainable water management, contextualize the material. Abundant illustrations and purposeful examples reinforce chapter content. End-of-chapter problems provide opportunities for readers to practice the calculations needed for real-world applications.
Water Quality Data
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Author : Arthur Hounslow
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-02-06
Water Quality Data written by Arthur Hounslow and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Water Quality Data emphasizes the interpretation of a water analysis or a group of analyses, with major applications on ground-water pollution or contaminant transport. A companion computer program aids in obtaining accurate, reproducible results, and alleviates some of the drudgery involved in water chemistry calculations. The text is divided into nine chapters and includes computer programs applicable to all the main concepts presented. After introducing the fundamental aspects of water chemistry, the book focuses on the interpretation of water chemical data. The interrelationships between the various aspects of geochemistry and between chemistry and geology are discussed. The book describes the origin and interpretation of the major elements, and some minor ones, that affect water quality. Readers are introduced to the elementary thermodynamics necessary to understand the use and results from water equilibrium computer programs. The book includes a detailed overview of organic chemistry and identifies the simpler and environmentally important organic chemicals. Methods are given to estimate the distribution of organic chemicals in the environment. The author fully explains all accompanying computer programs and presents this complex topic in a style that is interesting and easy to grasp for anyone.
Urban Water Cycle Processes And Interactions
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Author : Jiri Marsalek
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-04-21
Urban Water Cycle Processes And Interactions written by Jiri Marsalek and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-21 with Nature categories.
Effective management of urban water should be based on a scientific understanding of the impact of human activity on both the urban hydrological cycle - including its processes and interactions - and the environment itself. Such anthropogenic impacts, which vary broadly in time and space, need to be quantified with respect to local climate, urban d
Introduction To Water Resources And Environmental Issues
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Author : Karrie Lynn Pennington
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-12-17
Introduction To Water Resources And Environmental Issues written by Karrie Lynn Pennington and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-17 with Science categories.
How much water does the world need to support growing human populations? What factors influence water quality, droughts, floods, and waterborne diseases? What are the potential effects of climate change on the world's water resources? These questions and more are discussed in this thorough introduction to the complex world of water resources. The strength of the book is its coverage of the fundamentals of the science of water, aquatic ecology, geomorphology and hydrology, supplemented by internet resources and examples from water resource issues in the news to engage the student. The book begins with a short history of human use and influence on water, followed by chapters on the geomorphology, hydrology, chemistry, and biology of lakes, rivers, and wetlands. Major disease issues, worldwide water quality and quantity problems, and potential solutions are addressed. Water laws, water allocation, and the conflicts involved are discussed using US and international examples. Students in departments of environmental studies, life science, Earth science, and engineering will benefit from this broad survey of these crucial issues.
Chemistry Of Water Treatment
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Author : Samuel D. Faust
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-05-04
Chemistry Of Water Treatment written by Samuel D. Faust and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This second edition demonstrates how chemistry influences the design of water treatment plants and how it should influence the design. Historically, water treatment plants have been designed from hydraulic considerations with little regard to chemical aspects. The many chemical reactions used for removal of pollutants from water simply cannot be forced to occur within current designs. This book re-examines this traditional approach in light of today's water quality and treatment. Will current water treatment processes be sufficient to meet future demands or will new processes have to be devised? Chemistry of Water Treatment assesses the chemical and physical efficacies of current processes to meet the demands of the Safe Drinking water Act, providing expert information to persons responsible for the production of potable water into the next century.
Processes Determining Surface Water Chemistry
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Author : Volodymyr Osadchyy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-08
Processes Determining Surface Water Chemistry written by Volodymyr Osadchyy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-08 with Science categories.
This book presents major hydrological, physicochemical and biological processes determining the formation of hydro-physical properties and chemical composition of terrestrial surface water. Generalized hydro-physical, hydro-chemical and hydro-biological parameters affecting surface water quality, in particular in the Ukraine, are provided. Furthermore, a general description of the anthropogenic factors affecting the process of forming natural water’s properties is presented. This volume is of interest to ecologists, and scientists, lecturers and students in higher educational institutions investigating patterns of formation of water properties and working on the development of methodologies to model and assess surface water quality, and water quality classifications.