Chemical Warfare Agent Sea Dumping Off Australia
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Chemical Warfare Agent Sea Dumping Off Australia
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Author : Geoff Plunkett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Chemical Warfare Agent Sea Dumping Off Australia written by Geoff Plunkett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Chemical agents (Munitions) categories.
Although the disposal of material in the sea is no very restricted, historically, the disposal of unwanted waste in the ocean has been a very common practice in many parts of the world. Due to its immense size the ocean was thought to have an unlimited absorptive capacity, with any dumped waste having only a very localised effect. Moreover, the material would be well away from any human activity. It is important to know where any hazardous material may lie, both to prevent human contact and to assess the possible ecological consequences.
Chemical Warfare Agent Cwa Sea Dumping Off Australia
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Author : Geoff Plunkett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Chemical Warfare Agent Cwa Sea Dumping Off Australia written by Geoff Plunkett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Arms transfers categories.
Knowledge of CWA dumping sites in Australia will help prevent possible exposure and help assess the possible ecological consequences. Also examines what may have happened to the containers after dumping, including the corrosion rate of the cylinders and the breakdown of mustard gas as it reacts with the sea water.
Sea Dumping In Australia
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Author : Geoff Plunkett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Sea Dumping In Australia written by Geoff Plunkett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Chemical agents (Munitions) categories.
A compilation of reports previously published separately.
Chemichal Warfare Agent Cwa Sea Dumping Off Australia
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Author : Geoff Plunkett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Chemichal Warfare Agent Cwa Sea Dumping Off Australia written by Geoff Plunkett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
European Disposal Operations
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Author : H. Lindsey Arison III
language : en
Publisher: H. Lindsey Arison III
Release Date : 2014-03-07
European Disposal Operations written by H. Lindsey Arison III and has been published by H. Lindsey Arison III this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-07 with Science categories.
Ticking Time Bomb. Between 1946 and 1990, on the order of 754,975 tons (over 1.5 billion pounds or 684 million kilograms) of chemical weapons were disposed in European waters. At least 21 European Nations are now potentially at risk because of the expected toxic effect on marine life and the food chain. Critical research revealed in over 400 print pages contains 111 images including 23 declassified TOP SECRET, SECRET, CONFIDENTIAL, and RESTRICTED documents, 40 photographs, and 17 maps. Principal Chapters: - Evolution of Plans for the Disposition of Captured Chemical Weapons - Accounting of All Captured Chemical Weapons - Accounting of All Sea-Disposed Chemical Weapons - Locations of the Scuttled Ships - Estimated Total Chemical Warfare Agents Disposed in European Waters - Legal Responsibilities of States - Conclusion and The Imperative for an International Strategy “Bottom Line”: The environmental and public health problems facing European nations incident to the anticipated release of potentially massive amounts of slowly hydrolyzing nerve and blister agents into the marine environment are more critical and urgent than generally supposed. Increased incidents of human and marine injury in recent years have convinced many the threat of chemical poisons leaking from the deteriorating shells, canisters, and containers on the ocean floor is an imminent and insoluble problem. The fundamental premise of this study is that when the these sea disposals occurred, dumping of toxic CW into the ocean was the preferred disposal method and was not an act of malevolence or ill will. Such dumping was not prohibited and the effect on the environment was simply not considered important at that time. It is therefore not the intent of this book to affix blame or culpability. Rather, a detailed analysis of principal findings underscores the imperative for an international strategy and a proposal for international collaboration and cooperation in addressing the potential problem is advanced.
Sea Dumped Chemical Weapons Aspects Problems And Solutions
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Author : A.V. Kaffka
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-06-30
Sea Dumped Chemical Weapons Aspects Problems And Solutions written by A.V. Kaffka and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-30 with Science categories.
This volume summarises the materials presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Sea-Dumped Chemical Munitions, held in Kaliningrad (Moscow Region), Russia, in January 1995. The conference was sponsored by the NATO Division of Scientific and Environmental Affairs in the framework of its outreach programme to develop co-operation between NATO member countries and the Cooperation Partner countries in the area of disarmament technologies. The problem of the ecological threat posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumped in the seas after the Second World War deserves considerable international attention: the amount of these weapons, many of them having been captured from the German Army, is assessed at more than three times as much as the total chemical arsenals reported by the United States and Russia. They were disposed of in the shallow depths of North European seas - areas of active fishing - in close proximity to densely populated coastlines, with no consideration of the long-term consequences. The highly toxic material have time and again showed up, for instance when retrieved occasionally in the fishing nets, attracting local media coverage only. Nevertheless, this issue has not yet been given adequate and comprehensive scientific analysis, the sea-disposed munitions are not covered by either the Chemical Weapons Convention or other arms control treaties. In fact, the problem has been neglected for a long time on the international level. Only recently were official data made available by the countries which admitted conducting dumping operations.
Towards The Monitoring Of Dumped Munitions Threat Modum
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Author : Jacek Bełdowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Towards The Monitoring Of Dumped Munitions Threat Modum written by Jacek Bełdowski and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Science categories.
This book describes the creation of a monitoring network, which can provide information about the exact locations and the environmental threats posed by chemical weapons (CW) dumpsites in the Baltic Sea region, using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated underwater vehicles (ROVs), and utilising the existing research vessels of NATO partner institutions as launching platforms. The dumping operations occurred shortly after World War II and included captured German munitions. Operations with munitions from the Soviet occupation zone were performed by the Soviet Navy, operations with munitions from British and American occupation zones were performed in areas outside of the Baltic Sea (Skagerrak Strait); the fate of munitions from the French occupation zone was never reported. Due to difficult legal status of these munitions, and high costs of remediation and retrieval, removal of these weapons from the bottom of the Baltic Sea seems unlikely in the foreseeable future. These dumped chemical weapons pose an actual environmental and security hazard in the Baltic Sea Region. Nowadays, with more and more industrial activities being performed in the Baltic Sea Area, the threat level is rising. The AUV survey is based on the IVER2 platform by OceanServer, equipped with Klein 3500 side-scan sonar. The identification phase utilises several ROVs, equipped with targeting sonars, acoustic cameras capable of penetrating turbid bottom waters up to 20m, and visual HD cameras. A novel sediment sampling system, based on a camera and sonar equipped cassette sampler, has been developed to obtain surface sediments. The test phase described consists of a survey phase, which will locate the actual objects concerned, and a monitoring phase, which will concentrate on the collection of environmental data close to the objects concerned.
Chemical Warfare In Australia
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Author : Geoff Plunkett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-01-01
Chemical Warfare In Australia written by Geoff Plunkett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with History categories.
As the Japanese swept south towards Australia in late 1941, they carried chemical weapons, already used with deadly effect in China. Forced to counter the chemical warfare threat, Australia covertly imported 1 million chemical weapons and hid them. Plunkett tells the story of the importation, storage, and live trials of the deadly weapons.
Sensing Of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents Nerve Agent Simulants And Their Toxicological Aspects
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Author : Sangita Das
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-09-16
Sensing Of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents Nerve Agent Simulants And Their Toxicological Aspects written by Sangita Das and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-16 with Science categories.
Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects provides a general overview of the development and performance of different novel molecular frameworks as potent vehicles for sensing Chemical Weapons (CWs). The chapters are contributed by leading researchers in the areas of materials science, medical science, chemical science, and nanotechnology from industries, academics, government and private research institutions across the globe. It covers cover topics such as inorganic nanocomposites, hyperbranched polymers, and graphene heterojunctions for effective sensing of CW agents. This book is a highly valuable reference source for graduates, post-graduates, and research scholars primarily in the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, and nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, almost all analytical techniques will be discussed, making this a first-rate reference for professors, students, and scientists in many industries. Provides an efficient, reliable, and highly versatile approach for the synthesis of different molecular systems suitable for diversity-oriented strategies, structure-activity studies and molecular tailoring for the sensing of chemical warfare agents Goes into depth on new binary organogels, discrete carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and has endowed electrochemical chemosensors (ECCSs) with high selectivity and sensitivity towards the detection of chemical warfare agent Highlights in detail the detection of CWs by composite optical waveguide sensors, and describes disposable biofilm biosensors for sensitive detection of biotoxicity in water with treatment of nerve agent poisoning
A History Of Sea Dumping Off Australia And Its Territories
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
A History Of Sea Dumping Off Australia And Its Territories written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Marine pollution categories.