Child Mortality And Public Spending On Health

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Child Mortality And Public Spending On Health

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Author : Deon Filmer
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997

Child Mortality And Public Spending On Health written by Deon Filmer and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Children categories.

Child Mortality And Public Spending On Health

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Author : Deon Filmer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Child Mortality And Public Spending On Health written by Deon Filmer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.

December 1997 Roughly 95 percent of cross-national variation in child or infant mortality can be explained by a country's per capita income, the distribution of income, the extent of women's education, the level of ethnic fragmentation, and the predominant religion. Public spending on health has relatively little impact. Filmer and Pritchett use cross-national data to examine the impact on child (under 5) and infant mortality of both nonhealth (economic, cultural, and educational) factors and public spending on health. They come up with two striking findings: * Roughly 95 percent of cross-national variation in mortality can be explained by a country's per capita income, the distribution of income, the extent of women's education, the level of ethnic fragmentation, and the predominant religion. * Public spending on health has relatively little impact, with a coefficient that is numerically small and statistically insignificant at conventional levels. Independent variations in public spending explain less than one-tenth of 1 percent of the observed differences in mortality across countries The estimates imply that for a developing country at average income levels, actual public spending per child death averted is $50,000 to $100,000. This contrasts markedly with a typical range of estimates for the cost-effectiveness of medical interventions to avert the main causes of child mortality of $10 to $4,000. They outline three possible explanations for this divergence between the actual and apparent potential of public spending: the allocation of public spending, the net impact of additional public supply, and public sector efficacy. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the impact of health sector policies. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research Project Primary Health Care: A Critical Evaluation (RPO 680-29). Deon Filmer may be contacted at [email protected].

Public Health Spending On Infant And Child Mortality In India During The Years 1980 2006

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Author : Kaushalendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Public Health Spending On Infant And Child Mortality In India During The Years 1980 2006 written by Kaushalendra Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Background: India has achieved a substantial decline in its infant mortality rate from 110 to 47 deaths per 1000 in the last two decades. But, in 2011 there were still 1.7 million deaths in children under-5 in India, accounting for 24% of global under-5 child deaths. On the one hand, per-capita public spending on health has doubled during the same period, but out-of-pocket health expenditure still constitutes 70% of total health spending. In this context, the present study investigated the association between public health spending and infant and child mortality in India. Methods: In the study, data from the first, second, and third National Family Health Survey were used to create a birth cohort for the years 1980 to 2006 that provided individual death history. The mortality data for each individual were merged with yearly state health expenditure, income, fiscal deficit, and the Gini coefficient for the 27 years, 1980-2006. As health expenditure varies over time by state but not by individual, a state-level fixed effects model was adopted for probit estimation, along with a time fixed effect probit estimation to give the time varying effect. Findings: State-level fixed effect regression results show public spending on health has a marginal effect of -0.077 (SE 0.021) on infant mortality and -0.126 (0.025) on under-5 mortality. Marginal effects of per-capita income and its distribution are statistically insignificant in a state-level fixed model, but they become significant in a time fixed model. Mother's education and age at the birth of the child are significant determinants of infant and under-5 mortality in both of the specified models. Interpretation: Even though overall public health expenditure has a marginal effect, its effect is greater on under-5 mortality than on infant mortality. Maternal characteristics, such as age at the birth of the child and education, are significantly associated with infant and child mortality. Given the large variation in public health expenditure across the state, this study suggests that a substantial targeted investment in public health is required to improve health outcomes in the laggard states of India.

Evaluating Egyptian Government S Health Spending On Children Mortality

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Author : Nashwa Ghoneim
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013

Evaluating Egyptian Government S Health Spending On Children Mortality written by Nashwa Ghoneim and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

The health status of Egypt requires attention and requires critical solutions to help in mitigating its chronic problems. Egypt's health statistics are significantly worse than countries with a comparable political and economic situation, such as Cuba, but are better than some other countries within the region with comparable population size, such as Libya. Nowadays, Egypt plays a leading role in the developing world in efforts to save the lives of its children.So, the current question is What is the effect of increasing government spending on health care services on of children mortality rate in Egypt? This paper attempts to study the relationship between the real per capita public health expenditures and of children mortality rates in Egypt over past ten years. The current study will rely on secondary data from the internet and statistical yearbook (CAPMAS), Egypt, UN data, and they produce results that are easy to compare and analyze. Some unavailable data such as government expenditure in 2008 have been forecasted using regression forecasting techniques.

More On The Effectiveness Of Public Spending On Health Care And Education

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Author : Emanuele Baldacci
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002

More On The Effectiveness Of Public Spending On Health Care And Education written by Emanuele Baldacci and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Education categories.

Public Spending On Health Care And The Poor

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Author : Sanjeev Gupta
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2001

Public Spending On Health Care And The Poor written by Sanjeev Gupta and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Expenditure, Public categories.

Public Health Spending And Infant And Child Mortality In India

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Author : Kaushalendra Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Public Health Spending And Infant And Child Mortality In India written by Kaushalendra Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Background: To investigate the association between public health spending and probability of infant and child death in India.Methods: We used data from the three rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in India during 1992-93, 1998-99 and 2005-06 to investigate the association between public health spending and probability of infant and child death. We used data from the birth history of three NFHS rounds to create state-year panels of births, infant and child deaths, state-level public finance variables, food grain production, household and individual variables for the period 1980-2005. Two-stage probit regression model is used to investigate the association. State-level per capita gross fiscal deficit is used as an instrument for estimating two-stage probit model.Findings: Findings suggest association between public health spending and infant and child mortality in India. A 10% increase in per capita public health spending is likely to reduce the probability of infant and child deaths by 0•005 (95% CI: 0•003, 0•007) and 0•003 (95% CI: 0•002, 0•004) respectively. The second and third lags of public health spending were also statistically significant. Other factors affecting infant and child death were sex of the child, birth order, mother's age at birth of the index child, mother's schooling and urban-rural residence.Interpretation: Public health spending was associated with probability of infant and child death in India. Our findings lend support to the government's initiative to increase public health spending in India.

Does Higher Government Spending Buy Better Results In Education And Health Care

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Author : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1999-02-01

Does Higher Government Spending Buy Better Results In Education And Health Care written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.

There is little empirical evidence to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 developing and transition countries to show that expenditure allocations within the two social sectors improve both access to and attainment in schools and reduce mortality rates for infants and children. The size and efficiency of these allocations are important for promoting equity and furthering second-generation reforms.

Public Health Spending Governance And Child Health Outcomes

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Author : Bingjie Hu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Public Health Spending Governance And Child Health Outcomes written by Bingjie Hu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic book categories.

Public Health Expenditure And Child Mortality In Southern Africa

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Author : Chamunorwa Nyamuranga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Public Health Expenditure And Child Mortality In Southern Africa written by Chamunorwa Nyamuranga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically assess the effect of public health expenditure on child mortality in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region in comparison to the developing world as a whole and the region of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodologyThis study used panel data extracted from the World Development Indicators database for the period 2000-2013 for 98 developing countries including 15 SADC countries. A dynamic panel data model of child mortality was estimated using the system generalized method of moments (GMM) technique.FindingsResults indicate that public health expenditure has a statistically significant effect on reducing infant and under-five mortality rates in the developing world and that this effect is strongest in the SADC. Immunization and female literacy contributed significantly to the prevention of deaths of infants and children under five in developing countries. In the region of SSA, improved water sources and the reduction in the prevalence of HIV were found to be effective in reducing childhood mortality. There was little evidence for the benefit of higher GDP per capita.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest four policy areas which should be prioritized in public health spending to achieve better health among children: ensuring that females have better access to education, providing immunizations, intensifying interventions against the spread of HIV/AIDS, and improving water and sanitation infrastructure.Originality/valueThis study, which shows that the benefits of public health expenditure may be augmented by regional collaborations like the SADC, is one of the first to explore regional heterogeneity in the effectiveness of public health expenditure for the improvement of children's health across the developing world.