Chronicle Of A Decline Foretold
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Chronicle Of A Decline Foretold
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Author : Ms.Mitali Das
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-01-29
Chronicle Of A Decline Foretold written by Ms.Mitali Das and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-29 with Business & Economics categories.
China is on the eve of a demographic shift that will have profound consequences on its economic and social landscape. Within a few years the working age population will reach a historical peak, and then begin a precipitous decline. This fact, along with anecdotes of rapidly rising migrant wages and episodic labor shortages, has raised questions about whether China is poised to cross the Lewis Turning Point, a point at which it would move from a vast supply of low-cost workers to a labor shortage economy. Crossing this threshold will have far-reaching implications for both China and the rest of the world. This paper empirically assesses when the transition to a labor shortage economy is likely to occur. Our central result is that on current trends, the Lewis Turning Point will emerge between 2020 and 2025. Alternative scenarios—with higher fertility, greater labor participation rates, financial reform or higher productivity—may peripherally delay or accelerate the onset of the turning point, but demographics will be the dominant force driving the depletion of surplus labor.
The Decline Of The French Pass Simple
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Author : Emmanuelle Labeau
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-06-27
The Decline Of The French Pass Simple written by Emmanuelle Labeau and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The disappearance of the French simple past has been hotly debated since the early 20th century. This volume offers an overview of its fortunes since French emerged as a language, provides a description of its distinctive features, and discusses the potential impact of its supposed demise on the whole French verb system. These assumptions are tested against a large corpus of contemporary texts. The study concludes that, despite the erosion of its meaning and its increasingly infrequent use, the simple past tense is still used by native speakers in various contexts, and no single substitute has yet emerged. Nevertheless, the simple past may be evolving into a stylistic marker, making it fertile ground for future cross-linguistic studies.
Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Saswat Sarangi
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2018-09-03
Artificial Intelligence written by Saswat Sarangi and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-03 with Political Science categories.
What will the future be? A dystopian landscape controlled by machines or a brave new world full of possibilities? Perhaps the answer lies with Artificial Intelligence (AI)—a phenomenon much beyond technology that has, continues to, and will shape lives in ways we do not understand yet. This book traces the evolution of AI in contemporary history. It analyses how AI is primarily being driven by "capital" as the only "factor of production" and its consequences for the global political economy. It further explores the dystopian prospect of mass unemployment by AI and takes up the ethical aspects of AI and its possible use in undermining natural and fundamental rights. A tract for the times, this volume will be a major intervention in an area that is heavily debated but rarely understood. It will be essential reading for researchers and students of digital humanities, politics, economics, science and technology studies, physics, and computer science. It will also be key reading for policy makers, cyber experts and bureaucrats.
China S Changing Trade And The Implications For The Clmv
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Author : Mr.Koshy Mathai
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-09-01
China S Changing Trade And The Implications For The Clmv written by Mr.Koshy Mathai and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
China’s trade patterns are evolving. While it started in light manufacturing and the assembly of more sophisticated products as part of global supply chains, China is now moving up the value chain, “onshoring” the production of higher-value-added upstream products and moving into more sophisticated downstream products as well. At the same time, with its wages rising, it has started to exit some lower-end, more labor-intensive sectors. These changes are taking place in the broader context of China’s rebalancing—away from exports and toward domestic demand, and within the latter, away from investment and toward consumption—and as a consequence, demand for some commodity imports is slowing, while consumption imports are slowly rising. The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to low-wage, low-income countries, including China’s neighbors in the Mekong region. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. Rebalancing in China may mean less of a role for commodity exports from the region, but at the same time, the CLMV’s low labor costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off as China becomes less competitive, and as China itself demands more consumption items. Labor costs, however, are only part of the story. The CLMV will need to strengthen their infrastructure, education, governance, and trade regimes, and also run sound macro policies in order to capitalize fully on the opportunities presented by China’s transformation. With such policy efforts, the CLMV could see their trade and integration with global supply chains grow dramatically in the coming years.
China S New Sources Of Economic Growth Vol 1
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Author : Ligang Song
language : en
Publisher: ANU Press
Release Date : 2016-07-21
China S New Sources Of Economic Growth Vol 1 written by Ligang Song and has been published by ANU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-21 with Business & Economics categories.
China’s change to a new model of growth, now called the ‘new normal’, was always going to be hard. Events over the past year show how hard it is. The attempts to moderate the extremes of high investment and low consumption, the correction of overcapacity in the heavy industries that were the mainstays of the old model of growth, the hauling in of the immense debt hangover from the fiscal and monetary expansion that pulled China out of the Great Crash of 2008 would all have been hard at any time. They are harder when changes in economic policy and structure coincide with stagnation in global trade and rising protectionist sentiment in developed countries, extraordinarily rapid demographic change and recognition of the urgency of easing the environmental damage from the old model. China’s economy has slowed and there are worries that the authorities will not be able to contain the slowdown within preferred limits. This year’s Update explores the challenge of the slowdown in growth and the change in economic structure. Leading experts on China’s economy and environment review change within China’s new model of growth, and its interaction with ageing, environmental pressure, new patterns of urbanisation, and debt problems at different levels of government. It illuminates some new developments in China’s economy, including the transformational potential of internet banking, and the dynamics of financial market instability. China’s economic development since 1978 is full of exciting change, and this year’s China Update is again the way to know it as it is happening.
From Stress To Growth
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Author : Marcus Noland
language : en
Publisher: Peterson Institute for International Economics
Release Date : 2015-10-20
From Stress To Growth written by Marcus Noland and has been published by Peterson Institute for International Economics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Asian financial systems, which serve the most economically dynamic region of the world, survived the global economic crisis of the last several years. In From Stress to Growth: Strengthening Asia's Financial Systems in a Post-Crisis World, scholars affiliated with the Peterson Institute for International Economics and the Asian Development Bank argue in separate essays that Asian systems must strengthen their quality, diversity, and resilience to future shocks in order to deliver growth in coming years. The book examines such phenomena as the dominance of state-owned banks, the growth of non-bank lending (the so-called shadow banks), and the need to develop local bond markets, new financial centers, and stronger supervisory tools to prevent dangerous real estate asset bubbles. China's large financial system is discussed at length, with emphasis on concerns that China's system has grown too fast, that it is overly tilted toward corporate borrowing, and that state domination has led to overly easy credit to state-owned actors. Asia needs investment to improve its infrastructure and carry out technological innovation, but the book argues that the region's financial systems face challenges in meeting that need.
Minimum Wages Collective Bargaining And Economic Development In Asia And Europe
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Author : Maarten van Klaveren
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-06-09
Minimum Wages Collective Bargaining And Economic Development In Asia And Europe written by Maarten van Klaveren and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
This book offers a labour perspective on wage-setting institutions, collective bargaining and economic development. Sixteen country chapters, eight on Asia and eight on Europe, focus in particular on the role and effectiveness of minimum wages in the context of national trends in income inequality, economic development, and social security.
Cracking The China Conundrum
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Author : Yukon Huang
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-06-22
Cracking The China Conundrum written by Yukon Huang and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-22 with Business & Economics categories.
China's rise is altering global power relations, reshaping economic debates, and commanding tremendous public attention. Despite extensive media and academic scrutiny, the conventional wisdom about China's economy is often wrong. Cracking the China Conundrum provides a holistic and contrarian view of China's major economic, political, and foreign policy issues. Yukon Huang trenchantly addresses widely accepted yet misguided views in the analysis of China's economy. He examines arguments about the causes and effects of China's possible debt and property market bubbles, trade and investment relations with the Western world, the links between corruption and political liberalization in a growing economy and Beijing's more assertive foreign policies. Huang explains that such misconceptions arise in part because China's economic system is unprecedented in many ways-namely because it's driven by both the market and state- which complicates the task of designing accurate and adaptable analysis and research. Further, China's size, regional diversity, and uniquely decentralized administrative system poses difficulties for making generalizations and comparisons from micro to macro levels when trying to interpret China's economic state accurately. This book not only interprets the ideologies that experts continue building misguided theories upon, but also examines the contributing factors to this puzzle. Cracking the China Conundrum provides an enlightening and corrective viewpoint on several major economic and political foreign policy concerns currently shaping China's economic environment.
China The Belt And Road Initiative And The Century Of Great Migration
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Author : Michele Bruni
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2022-04-13
China The Belt And Road Initiative And The Century Of Great Migration written by Michele Bruni and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-13 with Social Science categories.
The book argues whether future migrations will be organized by destination countries or by criminal organizations; whether migrants will travel in a humane way or will continue to die along the road; whether properly trained migrants will boost the productivity of arrival countries or these countries will continue to squander money to build useless walls, possibly far from their border, and pay neighbours, not certainly in the top list from the human right perspective, to keep workers they need in concentration camps. It suggests that it is in the interest of more developed countries to stop denying their structural shortage of labour and start co-managing with one or more potential departure countries migration flows coherent with the quantitative and qualitative needs of their labour market. Economic fairness and sound economic thinking would also require destination countries to finance the training of potential migrants in the country of departure: in substance to build schools and vocational centres not walls. China represents an ideal case study in this regard not only because of its history, institutional setting, and international relationships but because in the next decades it will be the country most affected by the largest shortage of labour.
China S Economy In Transition
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Author : Mr.Anoop Singh
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-11-07
China S Economy In Transition written by Mr.Anoop Singh and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-07 with Business & Economics categories.
China's current account surplus has declined to around one-quarter the peak reached before the global financial crisis. While this is a major reduction in China's external imbalance, it has not been accompanied by a decisive shift toward consumption-based growth. Instead, the compression in its external surplus has been accomplished through increasing fixed investment so that it is now an even higher share of China's national economy. This increasing reliance on fixed investment as the main driver of China's growth raises questions about the durability of the compression in the external surplus and the sustainability of the current growth model that has had unprecedented success in lifting about 500 million people out of poverty over the last three decades. This volume examines various aspects of the rebalancing process underway in China, highlighting policy lessons for achieving stable, sustainable, and inclusive growth.