Cigarette Smoke Dna Damage And Repair In Human Cervical And Vaginal Cells In Vitro And Ex Vivo
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Cigarette Smoke Dna Damage And Repair In Human Cervical And Vaginal Cells In Vitro And Ex Vivo
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Author : Afsoon Moktar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Cigarette Smoke Dna Damage And Repair In Human Cervical And Vaginal Cells In Vitro And Ex Vivo written by Afsoon Moktar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Cervix uteri categories.
Among gynecological malignancies, carcinoma of the cervix is the leading cancer type worldwide. Conversely, vaginal tumors account for an incidence of approximately 1-2% of lower genital tract malignancies. Interestingly, the major shared risk factor among women with cervical and vaginal tumors is infection with cancer-associated human papillomaviruses (HPVs). In fact, HPV infection is the necessary causative factor in the development and progression of cervical and vaginal neoplasia in the majority of cases. Epidemiological studies support that cervical and vaginal pre-cancerous lesions that are initiated by HPV infection generally regress in the absence of known risk factors such as cigarette smoking. Further, female smokers have two times higher risk of developing cervical cancer from premalignant lesions than non-smokers, although the association between cigarette smoking and vaginal tumors has been controversial. Cigarette smoking exerts its cytogenetic effects in various forms such as DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage. However, previous studies on cervical and vaginal abnormalities failed to investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on cervical and vaginal cells from a biological standpoint. Therefore, the goal of this work was to investigate cigarette smoke-induced DNA strand breaks, oxidative damage and DNA repair in human cervical cancer cells (in vitro studies, Chapters II and III); we also examined DNA strand breaks in human vaginal cells in light of cigarette smoking and HPV status (an ex vivo study, Chapter IV). It was determined that cigarette smoke induces both DNA single- (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are highly persistent, in addition to oxidative DNA damage, which is more pronounced in HPV infected human cervical cancer cells. Though, CSC-induced oxidative DNA damage was eventually removed in the cells, the possibility of error-prone DNA repair, however, cannot be ruled out. Lastly, our data derived from the ex-vivo study clearly showed an inverse relationship between the interaction of cigarette smoking and HPV infection in the induction of DNA strand breaks in vaginal cells of the studied population, regardless of age. Further, we have clearly showed that the extent of DNA DSBs increases as a function of age, which corroborates with the fact that vaginal cancers occur at a much older age, as compared to cervical cancers. In summary, the findings of this research project shed light on the role of cigarette smoke in cervical/vaginal carcinogenesis. Moreover, comet assay might serve as an early biomarker in identifying susceptible populations that are at risk for developing cervical/vaginal abnormalities.
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Government publications categories.
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Herbal Medicine
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Author : Iris F. F. Benzie
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2011-03-28
Herbal Medicine written by Iris F. F. Benzie and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-28 with Health & Fitness categories.
The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states has caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular ef
Viral Oncology
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Author : George Klein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Viral Oncology written by George Klein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Medical categories.
Microbiome And Cancer
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Author : Erle S. Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-20
Microbiome And Cancer written by Erle S. Robertson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-20 with Medical categories.
This book ventures into a new and exciting area of discovery that directly ties our current knowledge of cancer to the discovery of microorganisms associated with different types of cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that microorganisms are directly linked to the establishment of cancers and that they can also contribute to the initiation, as well as persistence of, the cancers. Microbiome and Cancer covers the current knowledge of microbiome and its association with human cancers. It provides important reading for novices, senior undergraduates in cancer and microbiology, graduate students, junior investigators, residents, fellows and established investigators in the fields of cancer and microbiology. We cover areas related to known, broad concepts in microbiology and how they can relate to the ongoing discoveries of the micro-environment and the changes in the metabolic and physiologic states in that micro-environment, which are important for the ongoing nurturing and survival of the poly-microbial content that dictates activities in that micro-environment. We cover the interactions of microorganisms associated with gastric carcinomas, which are important for driving this particular cancer. Additional areas include oral cancers, skin cancers, ovarian cancers, breast cancers, nasopharyngeal cancers, lung cancers, mesotheliomas, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, glioblastoma multiforme, hepatocellular carcinomas, as well as the inflammatory response related to the infectious agents in cancers. This book covers the metabolic changes that occur because of infection and their support for development of cancers, chronic infection and development of therapeutic strategies for detection and control of the infection. The field of microbiome research has exploded over the last five years, and we are now understanding more and more about the context in which microorganisms can contribute to the onset of cancers in humans. The field of microbiome research has demonstrated that the human body has specific biomes for tissues and that changes in these biomes at the specific organ sites can result in disease. These changes can result in dramatic differences in metabolic shifts that, together with genetic mutations, will produce the perfect niche for establishment of the particular infection programmes in that organ site. We are just beginning to understand what those changes are and how they influence the disease state. Overall, we hope to bring together the varying degrees of fluctuations in the microbiome at the major organ sites and how these changes affect the normal cellular processes because of dysregulation, leading to proliferation of the associated tissues.
Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk
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Author : Suzanne H. Reuben
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-10
Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk written by Suzanne H. Reuben and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10 with Health & Fitness categories.
Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.
Male Infertility
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Author : Sijo J. Parekattil
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-24
Male Infertility written by Sijo J. Parekattil and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-24 with Health & Fitness categories.
A groundbreaking contribution to the literature now in its revised and expanded second edition, this textbook offers a comprehensive review of diagnostic and treatment techniques for male infertility. This state-of-the-art, evidence-based textbook incorporates new multidisciplinary and complementary medicine approaches to create a first-of-its-kind guide to treatment strategies for male infertility and beyond. While this new edition is primarily designed as a reference for students and residents in reproductive medicine and andrology, it will be equally useful as well for professionals in urology, reproductive endocrinology, embryology, and research fields who are interested in the role that antioxidants play in male infertility. World-renowned experts in these areas have been selected to participate in this work. Careful selection of the highest quality content will span the whole range of topics in the area of male infertility, providing a complete review of well-established and current diagnostic and treatment techniques for male infertility. The incorporation of 20 new chapters will enhance the book’s appeal by including the most recent advances brought to the male infertility arena. Additionally, this edition incorporates new features, including bulleted key points, review criteria and select video clips demonstrating some of the most fascinating male infertility treatment modalities. A dedicated new section on current guidelines on male infertility will enlighten readers on how to most optimally manage male infertility clinical scenarios. Covering all aspects of diagnosis and management, ART, lifestyle factors and associated conditions for male infertility, Male Infertility: Contemporary Clinical Approaches, Andrology, ART and Antioxidants will be a readily accessible, high quality reference for medical students and residents, and will be of significant value to professionals working in the various fields treating this condition as well.
Effects Of Nicotine On Biological Systems
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Author : Adlkofer
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Effects Of Nicotine On Biological Systems written by Adlkofer and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Science categories.
As part of its scientific activities, the German Research Council on Smoking and Health regularly provides opportunities for scientists to discuss progress in the field of nicotine research. In this context, the Research Council sponsored a Satellite Symposium in Hamburg, June 28-30, 1990 entitled "Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems". This meeting was held in conjunction with the XIth International Congress of Pharmacology in Amsterdam and follows the first Satellite Symposium on Nicotine which was convened in Brisbane, Australia in 1987. The aim of these conferences has been to discuss state of the art research on the pharmacology and toxicology of nicotine and its metabolites and to integrate this information to help define nicotinic actions on the central and peripheral nervous system as well as to evaluate health or behavioral effects associated with use of this alkaloid. Furthermore, at this conference, potential therapeutic benefits of nicotine for certain disease states were discussed. Smoking and the health effects of smoking were dealt with only as far as they could not be separated from the effects of nicotine. This volume contains the lectures presented at the symposium and illustrates that knowledge of nicotine has advanced considerably in recent years with regard to mechanisms of its actions. Despite such progress however, it is apparent that a' large number of questions remain unanswered, especially in the light of new insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms which can be affected by nicotine.
Stem Cells In Aesthetic Procedures
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Author : Melvin A. Shiffman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-21
Stem Cells In Aesthetic Procedures written by Melvin A. Shiffman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-21 with Medical categories.
Interest in the use of stem cells in aesthetic procedures has been increasing rapidly, reflecting the widespread acknowledgment of the tremendous potential of stem cell fat transfer. This is, however, the first book to be devoted entirely to the subject. The book opens by reviewing the history of the development of pluripotent stem cells and the results of research into the biochemistry and physiology of stem cells. Adipose tissue anatomy and survival are discussed and the wide range of aesthetic procedures involving stem cell fat transfer are then described in detail. These procedures relate to the face, breast, buttocks, legs, hands, penis and Poland syndrome. In addition, potential risks and complications are identified. The book has been written by leading experts and will be an invaluable source of information for students, beginners and experienced surgeons in a range of specialties.
Clinical Case Studies For The Family Nurse Practitioner
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Author : Leslie Neal-Boylan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-11-28
Clinical Case Studies For The Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-28 with Medical categories.
Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.