Circumstellar Dust Disks And Planet Formation
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Circumstellar Dust Disks And Planet Formation
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Author : Roger Ferlet
language : en
Publisher: Atlantica Séguier Frontières
Release Date : 1994
Circumstellar Dust Disks And Planet Formation written by Roger Ferlet and has been published by Atlantica Séguier Frontières this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Beta Pictoris categories.
From Protoplanetary Disks To Planet Formation
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Author : Philip J. Armitage
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-02
From Protoplanetary Disks To Planet Formation written by Philip J. Armitage and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-02 with Science categories.
Is the Sun and its planetary system special? How did the Solar system form? Are there similar systems in the Galaxy? How common are habitable planets? What processes take place in the early life of stars and in their surrounding circumstellar disks that could impact whether life emerges or not? This book is based on the lectures by Philip Armitage and Wilhelm Kley presented at 45th Saas-Fee Advanced Course „From Protoplanetary Disks to Planet Formation“ of the Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy. The first part deals with the physical processes occurring in proto-planetary disks starting with the observational context, structure and evolution of the proto-planetary disk, turbulence and accretion, particle evolution and structure formation. The second part covers planet formation and disk-planet interactions. This includes in detail dust and planetesimal formation, growth to protoplanets, terrestrial planet formation, giant planet formation, migration of planets, multi-planet systems and circumbinary planets. As Saas-Fee advanced course this book offers PhD students an in-depth treatment of the topic enabling them to enter on a research project in the field.
Planet Formation
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Author : Wolfgang Brandner
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-02-17
Planet Formation written by Wolfgang Brandner and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-17 with Science categories.
When this book was published in 2006, it had been just over ten years since the first planet outside our solar system was detected. Since then, much work has focused on understanding how extrasolar planets may form, and discovering the frequency of potentially habitable Earth-like planets. This volume addresses fundamental questions concerning the formation of planetary systems in general, and of our solar system in particular. Drawing from advances in observational, experimental and theoretical research, it summarises our understanding of the planet formation processes, and addresses major open questions and research issues. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field of planet formation and extrasolar planet studies. The book is based on a meeting held at Ringberg Castle in Bavaria, where experts gathered together to present and exchange their ideas and findings. It is a comprehensive resource for graduate students and researchers, and is written to be accessible to newcomers to the field.
Physical Processes In Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars
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Author : Paulo J. V. Garcia
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011-05-15
Physical Processes In Circumstellar Disks Around Young Stars written by Paulo J. V. Garcia and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-15 with Science categories.
Circumstellar disks are vast expanses of dust that form around new stars in the earliest stages of their birth. Predicted by astronomers as early as the eighteenth century, they weren’t observed until the late twentieth century, when interstellar imaging technology enabled us to see nascent stars hundreds of light years away. Since then, circumstellar disks have become an area of intense study among astrophysicists, largely because they are thought to be the forerunners of planetary systems like our own—the possible birthplaces of planets. This volume brings together a team of leading experts to distill the most up-to-date knowledge of circumstellar disks into a clear introductory volume. Understanding circumstellar disks requires a broad range of scientific knowledge, including chemical processes, the properties of dust and gases, hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, radiation transfer, and stellar evolution—all of which are covered in this comprehensive work, which will be indispensable for graduate students, seasoned researchers, or even advanced undergrads setting out on the study of planetary evolution.
From Disks To Planets
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Author : Michel Blanc
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-30
From Disks To Planets written by Michel Blanc and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-30 with Science categories.
This volume discusses the evolutionary paths linking planets and their atmospheres to their origin within circumstellar disks. It reviews the main phases of this evolution, summarizes what we understand and what are the important open questions, and suggests ways towards solutions. Dust accretion within disks generates planet cores, while gas accretion on these cores leads to the diversity of their fluid envelopes. The formation of planetary proto-atmospheres and oceans is an essential product of planet formation. A fraction of the planets retain their primary proto-atmosphere, while others lose it and may form a “secondary” atmosphere. When the disk finally dissipates, it leaves us with the combination of a planetary system and a debris disk. Using the next generation of observing facilities, we will be able to reconstruct more accurately the evolutionary paths linking stellar genesis to the possible emergence of habitable worlds. Originally published in Space Science Reviews, Volume 205, Issue 1-4, December 2016
The Evolution Of Gas And Dust In Protoplanetary Accretion Disks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Evolution Of Gas And Dust In Protoplanetary Accretion Disks written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Dust constitutes only about one percent of the mass of circumstellar disks, yet it is of crucial importance for the modeling of planet formation, disk chemistry, radiative transfer and observations. The initial growth of dust from sub-μm sized grains to planetesimals and also the radial transport of dust in disks around young stars is the topic of this thesis. Circumstellar dust is subject to radial drift, vertical settling, turbulent mixing, collisional growth, fragmentation and erosion. We approach this subject from three directions: analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and comparison to observations. We describe the physical and numerical concepts that go into a model which is able to simulate the radial and size evolution of dust in a gas disk which is viscously evolving over several million years. The resulting dust size distributions are compared to our analytical predictions and a simple recipe for obtaining steady-state dust size distributions is derived. With the numerical model at hand, we show that grain fragmentation can explain the fact that circumstellar disks are observed to be dust-rich for several million years. Finally, we investigate the challenges that observations present to the theory of grain evolution, namely that grains of millimeter sizes are observed at large distances from the star. We have found that under the assumption that radial drift is ineffective, we can reproduce some of the observed spectral indices and fluxes. Fainter objects point towards a reduced dust-to-gas ratio or lower dust opacities.
Formation Evolution And Dynamics Of Young Solar Systems
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Author : Martin Pessah
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-04
Formation Evolution And Dynamics Of Young Solar Systems written by Martin Pessah and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-04 with Science categories.
This book's interdisciplinary scope aims at bridging various communities: 1) cosmochemists, who study meteoritic samples from our own solar system, 2) (sub-) millimetre astronomers, who measure the distribution of dust and gas of star-forming regions and planet-forming discs, 3) disc modellers, who describe the complex photo-chemical structure of parametric discs to fit these to observation, 4) computational astrophysicists, who attempt to decipher the dynamical structure of magnetised gaseous discs, and the effects the resulting internal structure has on the aerodynamic re-distribution of embedded solids, 5) theoreticians in planet formation theory, who aim to piece it all together eventually arriving at a coherent holistic picture of the architectures of planetary systems discovered by 6) the exoplanet observers, who provide us with unprecedented samples of exoplanet worlds. Combining these diverse fields the book sheds light onto the riddles that research on planet formation is currently confronted with, and paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of the formation, evolution, and dynamics of young solar systems. The chapters ‘Chondrules – Ubiquitous Chondritic Solids Tracking the Evolution of the Solar Protoplanetary Disk’, ‘Dust Coagulation with Porosity Evolution’ and ‘The Emerging Paradigm of Pebble Accretion’ are published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.
The Evolution Of Circumstellar Disks
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Author : Alexander Richert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Evolution Of Circumstellar Disks written by Alexander Richert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Angular momentum conservation during protostellar collapse leads to long-lived, gas-rich circumstellar disks where planets form through the concentration of gas and dust by one or both of gravitational agglomeration and aerodynamic concentration of dust. In this dissertation, I summarize four projects aimed at understanding the evolution of planet-forming disks and the debris-dominated disks that remain after the primordial gas has been depleted. The first two projects make use of X-ray and near-infrared point source data to explore the longevity of young circumstellar disks, providing constraints on the timescales available for planet formation; the first is a study of disk depletion rates in 69 young stellar clusters, while the second examines the role of external photoevaporation by massive stars in accelerating disk depletion. Next, I discuss numerical simulations of planet--disk interactions in gas-rich, optically thick disks, with implications for the observability of newly-formed massive planets. Lastly, I present numerical simulations of gas--dust interactions in optically thin disks in order to explore their effect on disk morphology, with potential consequences for identifying embedded planets.
High Angular Resolution Studies Of The Structure And Evolution Of Protoplanetary Disks
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Author : Joshua Eisner
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2005
High Angular Resolution Studies Of The Structure And Evolution Of Protoplanetary Disks written by Joshua Eisner and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
Young stars are surrounded by massive, rotating disks of dust and gas, which supply a reservoir of material that may be incorporated into planets or accreted onto the central star. In this dissertation, I use high angular resolution observations at a range of wavelengths to understand the structure, ubiquity, and evolutionary timescales of protoplanetary disks. First, I describe a study of Class I protostars, objects believed to be at an evolutionary stage between collapsing spherical clouds and fully-assembled young stars surrounded by protoplanetary disks. I use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to model new 0.9 micron scattered light images, 1.3 mm continuum images, and broadband spectral energy distributions. This modeling shows that Class I sources are probably surrounded by massive protoplanetary disks embedded in massive infalling envelopes. For the best-fitting models of the circumstellar dust distributions, I determine several important properties, including envelope and disk masses, mass infall rates, and system inclinations, and I use these results to constrain the evolutionary stage of these objects. Second, I discuss observations of the innermost regions of more evolved disks around T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars, obtained with the Palomar Testbed and Keck Interferometers. I constrain the spatial and temperature structure of the circumstellar material at sub-AU radii, and demonstrate that lower-mass stars are surrounded by inclined disks with puffed-up inner edges 0.1-1 AU from the star. In contrast, the truncated inner disks around more massive stars may not puff-up, indicating that disk structure depends on stellar properties. I discuss the implications of these results for disk accretion, terrestrial planet formation and giant planet migration. Finally, I put these detailed studies of disk structure into a broader context by constraining the mass distribution and evolutionary timescales of circumstellar disks. Using the Owens Valley Millimeter Array, I mapped the millimeter continuum emission toward >300 low-mass stars in the NGC 2024 and Orion Nebula clusters. These observations demonstrate that the average disk mass in each cluster is comparable to the "minimum-mass protosolar nebula," and that there may be disk evolution on one million year timescales.
The Formation And Early Evolution Of Stars
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Author : Norbert S. Schulz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-05-25
The Formation And Early Evolution Of Stars written by Norbert S. Schulz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-25 with Science categories.
Starburst regions in nearby and distant galaxies have a profound impact on our understanding of the early universe. This new, substantially updated and extended edition of Norbert Schulz’s unique book "From Dust to Stars" describes complex physical processes involved in the creation and early evolution of stars. It illustrates how these processes reveal themselves from radio wavelengths to high energy X-rays and gamma–rays, with special reference towards high energy signatures. Several sections devoted to key analysis techniques demonstrate how modern research in this field is pursued and new chapters are introduced on massive star formation, proto-planetary disks and observations of young exoplanets. Recent advances and contemporary research on the theory of star formation are explained, as are new observations, specifically from the three great observatories of the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory which all now operate at the same time and make high resolution space based observing in its prime. As indicated by the new title two new chapters have been included on proto-planetary disks and young exoplanets. Many more colour images illustrate attractive old and new topics that have evolved in recent years. The author gives updates in theory, fragmentation, dust, and circumstellar disks and emphasizes and strengthens the targeting of graduate students and young researchers, focusing more on computational approaches in this edition.