Cloud Optics

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Cloud Optics

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Author : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-03-07

Cloud Optics written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-07 with Science categories.

Clouds affect the climate of the Earth, and they are an important factor in the weather. Therefore, their radiative properties must be understood in great detail. This book summarizes current knowledge on cloud optical properties, for example their ability to absorb, transmit, and reflect light, which depends on the clouds’ geometrical and microphysical characteristics such as sizes of droplets and crystals, their shapes, and structures. In addition, problems related to the image transfer through clouds and cloud remote sensing are addressed in this book in great detail. This book can be an important source of information on theoretical cloud optics for cloud physicists, meteorologists and optical engineers. All basic ideas of optics as related to scattering of light in clouds (e.g. Mie theory and radiative transfer) are considered in a self consistent way. Consequently, the book can also be a useful textbook to newcomers to the field.

Optical Properties Of Eight Water Cloud Types

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Author : Graeme L. Stephens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Optical Properties Of Eight Water Cloud Types written by Graeme L. Stephens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Clouds categories.

Optical Methods Of Engineering Analysis

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Author : Gary L. Cloud
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998-05-28

Optical Methods Of Engineering Analysis written by Gary L. Cloud and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-05-28 with Science categories.

Fundamental measurement problems in engineering, mechanics, manufacturing, and physics are now being solved by powerful optical methods. This book presents a lucid, up-to-date discussion of these optical methods. Beginning from a firm base in modern optics, the book proceeds through relevant theory of interference and diffraction and integrates this theory with descriptions of laboratory techniques and apparatus. Among the techniques discussed are classical interferometry, photoelasticity, geometric moire, spatial filtering, moire interferometry, holography, holographic interferometry, laser speckle interferometry, and video-based speckle methods. By providing a firm base in the physical principles and at the same time allowing the reader to perform meaningful experiments related to the topic being studied, the book offers a unique user-oriented approach that will appeal to students, researchers and practising engineers.

Cloud And Aerosol Optics By Polarized Micro Pulse Lidar And Ground Based Measurements Of Zenith Radiance

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Author : Rodrigo Delgadillo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Cloud And Aerosol Optics By Polarized Micro Pulse Lidar And Ground Based Measurements Of Zenith Radiance written by Rodrigo Delgadillo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Clouds impact Earth's climate through cloud transmission and reflection properties. Clouds reflect approximately 15 percent of the incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. A key cloud radiative variable is cloud optical depth, which gives information about how much light is transmitted through a cloud. Historically, remote measurements of cloud optical depth have been limited to uniform overcast conditions and had low temporal and spatial resolution. We present a novel method to measure cloud optical depth for coastal regions from spectral zenith radiance measurements for optically thin clouds, which removes some of these limitations. Our measurement site is part of South Florida's Cloud-Aerosol-Rain Observatory (CAROb), located on Virginia Key, FL (6 km from Miami). This work is based on Marshak et al.'s [1] method for finding cloud optical depth from vegetative sites that provide a strong spectral contrast between red and near infrared surface albedo. However, given the unique nature of our site, which contains water, vegetation, beach, and urban surface types, we found no such spectral contrast at those wavelength pairs. We measured albedo, with hyperspectral resolution, for different surface types around our measurement site to estimate the effective spectral albedo for the area centered on the site with a 5km radius. From this analysis, we found the best possible albedo contrast (573.9 and 673.1 nm) for our site. We tested the derived cloud optical depth from zenith radiance at these two wavelengths against a concurrently running polarized micro pulse LIDAR (MPL) and found good agreement.

Toward A Philosophy Of Perception

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Author : Margaret A. Harrell
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2005-03-07

Toward A Philosophy Of Perception written by Margaret A. Harrell and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-07 with Religion categories.

SYNOPSIS: Lavishly illustrated with 33 color cloud photographs, this coffeetable-sized book introduces the Love in Transition series, published originally in Romania, to the United States. Midwest Book Review calls it “an enthusiastically recommended reading experience,” Kirkus Discoveries identifies “the premise that all human beings, through our individual life experiences, have the potential to make an impact on the collective consciousness of humanity.” It recommends the “nuggets of brilliant insight into life, death and the collective human consciousness”; and the Mindquest Review publisher notes that “Margaret Harrell has produced one of the most perceptive works available for our time.” Some of the photography is on view at the Gallery Gora,Montreal in the summer 2010. See book illustrations in the on-line Le Portail des Antiquaires Galerie des Artistes, Paris, http://www.leportaildesantiquaires.com/index.asp?ID=2379. And Marquis Who's Who of American Art. NEW: Also at http://www.lightangel.net. And http://www.cloudgiclee.com. CRITICAL COMMENTS: “A thoughtful and thought-provoking text illustrating a powerful and extended journey into a higher consciousness ... a seminal work of wit, wisdom, and imagination.” Midwest Book Review, “Reviewer’s Choice,” Small Press Bookwatch June “A book to be read and savored and reflected upon time and time again.” MBR, July “This is Margaret A. Harrell’s gift, . . . the images and the writing that goes with them. . . . [She is] an energy manifester and she’s bringing it through these energies. . . . This is not only an art book, it’s not only an intellectual book, it’s about raising consciousness. . . . [The images are] something uniquely different . . . aren’t in the Earth archetypes.” Mariah Martin Intuitive, Light Path coach, Channel for Light Beings, Educator, Minister and Author

Proceedings Of The Fourth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Arm Science Team Meeting

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Proceedings Of The Fourth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Arm Science Team Meeting written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Atmospheric radiation categories.

Microphysics Of Clouds And Precipitation

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Author : H.R. Pruppacher
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-06-25

Microphysics Of Clouds And Precipitation written by H.R. Pruppacher and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-25 with Science categories.

Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.

Optical Channels

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Author : Sherman Karp
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11

Optical Channels written by Sherman Karp and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.

When we were first approached by Dr. Lucky to write this book we were very enthusiastic about the prospect, since we had contemplated a similar project for quite some time. The difficulty lay in how best to digest the vast amount of data on optical propagation, reduce it to a book of manageable size, and simultaneously form the transition from the physics of propagation to the engineering of optical channels. This is the intent of Optical Channels. In accomplishing our goal it was necessary to condense the material on optical propagation and, in so doing, we have left a large amount to be handled via references. We have tried to make these decisions in a consistent manner so that the book will be uniform in its treatment of this topic. We identify four channels for consideration: the free-space channel, which: is characteristic of a tranquil atmosphere or a space-to-space link; the turbulent channel, which is characteristic of the atmospheric channel; the scatter channel in two forms, clouds and water; and the fiber optic channel. For each of these channels we have tried to reduce the applicable propagation theory to a level that can be used for engineering design. This has been done by example, but here again decisions had to be made on which examples to present. We have not tried to present any material on optical components and consequently other references on engineering would be necessary to supplement this book.

Global Statistics On Cloud Optical Depths From Satellite And Lidar Observations

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995

Global Statistics On Cloud Optical Depths From Satellite And Lidar Observations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.

Six years of cloud data have been collected globally from the NOAA satellite series. The High Resolution Infrared Radiometer Spectrometer (HIRS) data were used to detect clouds and estimate their optical depths in the 11 micron infrared window. The cloud detection algorithm has been called the CO2 Slicing Algorithm because it uses the 13-15 micron infrared channels where partial CO2 absorption occurs, to detect partially transparent clouds and correctly determine their altitude. This algorithm is designed to be sensitive to upper tropospheric cirrus clouds which are difficult to detect. The frequency of these clouds along with their global distribution and seasonal changes have been reported at past CIDOS conferences.

Fiber Optics Fundamentals And Advances In Optical Communications

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Author : Gp Capt KS Mathur (Retd.)
language : en
Publisher: Blue Rose Publishers
Release Date : 2021-02-10

Fiber Optics Fundamentals And Advances In Optical Communications written by Gp Capt KS Mathur (Retd.) and has been published by Blue Rose Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-10 with Education categories.

Your comprehensive guide to Fiber Optics Fundamentals and advancements taking place in this field… Synopsis This book provides solid base in fiber optics communications for B Tech and M Tech students and also for practicing engineers and research scholars in this field. The book contains more than 650 illustrations which give a comprehensive coverage of the technology involved in the fiber optics communications. This book gives an in-depth coverage of:  Telecommunications fundamentals  optical fiber transmission characteristics  optical fiber manufacturing and cables  Signal degradation (distortion) in optical fibers  optical fiber nonlinearities and their management  optical sources and receivers  optical amplifiers  SONET/SDH, OTN, DWDM, OFDM and Super Channels  connectors and couplers  fiber optic link design  optical networks and cloud computing  review of fiber optic sensors and their applications (Fiber optics sensors are altogether a different field in latest sensor technology)  Advance technologies in fiber optics communications covering FTTH technologies, OTDR, Nanophotonics, Low signal latency in optical fibers and fabrication and simulation of optical fibers and their optical parameters by Opti-Wave software.